Brothers

James Weldon Johnson (1871–1938) · 1917

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 70 lines · from Fifty Years and Other Poems

See! There he stands; not brave, but with an airOf sullen stupor. Mark him well! Is heNot more like brute than man? Look in his eye!No light is there; none, save the glint that shinesIn the now glaring, and now shifting orbsOf some wild animal caught in the hunter's trap.

How came this beast in human shape and form?Speak, man!--We call you man because you wearHis shape--How are you thus? Are you not fromThat docile, child-like, tender-hearted raceWhich we have known three centuries? Not fromThat more than faithful race which through three warsFed our dear wives and nursed our helpless babesWithout a single breach of trust? Speak out!

Then who, why are you?

I am a thing not new, I am as oldAs human nature. I am that which lurks,Ready to spring whenever a bar is loosed;The ancient trait which fights incessantlyAgainst restraint, balks at the upward climb;The weight forever seeking to obeyThe law of downward pull;--and I am more:The bitter fruit am I of planted seed;The resultant, the inevitable endOf evil forces and the powers of wrong.

Lessons in degradation, taught and learned,The memories of cruel sights and deeds,The pent-up bitterness, the unspent hateFiltered through fifteen generations haveSprung up and found in me sporadic life.In me the muttered curse of dying men,On me the stain of conquered women, andConsuming me the fearful fires of lust,Lit long ago, by other hands than mine.In me the down-crushed spirit, the hurled-back prayersOf wretches now long dead,--their dire bequests.--In me the echo of the stifled cryOf children for their bartered mothers' breasts.I claim no race, no race claims me; I amNo more than human dregs; degenerate;The monstrous offspring of the monster, Sin;I am--just what I am.... The race that fedYour wives and nursed your babes would do the sameTo-day, but I--

Enough, the brute must die!Quick! Chain him to that oak! It will resistThe fire much longer than this slender pine.Now bring the fuel! Pile it 'round him! Wait!Pile not so fast or high! or we shall loseThe agony and terror in his face.And now the torch! Good fuel that! the flamesAlready leap head-high. Ha! hear that shriek!And there's another! wilder than the first.Fetch water! Water! Pour a little onThe fire, lest it should burn too fast. Hold so!Now let it slowly blaze again. See there!He squirms! He groans! His eyes bulge wildly out,Searching around in vain appeal for help!Another shriek, the last! Watch how the fleshGrows crisp and hangs till, turned to ash, it siftsDown through the coils of chain that hold erectThe ghastly frame against the bark-scorched tree.

Stop! to each man no more than one man's share.You take that bone, and you this tooth; the chain--Let us divide its links; this skull, of course,In fair division, to the leader comes.

And now his fiendish crime has been avenged;Let us back to our wives and children.--Say,What did he mean by those last muttered words,"Brothers in spirit, brothers in deed are we"?

Words in this poem

sullen a.
Lonely; solitary; desolate. Wyclif (Job iii. 14). [OE. solein, solain, lonely, sullen; through Old French fr. (assumed) LL. solanus solitary, fr. L. solus alone. See Sole, a.]
glint n.
A glimpse, glance, or gleam. [OE. glent.]
glaring a.
Clear; notorious; open and bold; barefaced; as, a glaring crime.
docile a.
Teachable; easy to teach; docible. [L. docilis,fr. docere to teach; cf. Gr. discere to learn, Gr. docile. Cf. Doctor, Didactic, Disciple.]
trait n.
A stroke; a touch. [F., fr. L. tractus, fr. trahere to draw. See Trace, v., and cf. Tract a region, Trace a strap, Tret.]
incessantly adv.
Unceasingly; continually.
lust v. i.
To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
dire a.
Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
bulge n.
The bilge or protuberant part of a cask. [OE. bulge a swelling; cf. AS. belgan to swell, OSw. bulgja, Icel. bolginn swollen, OHG. belgan to swell, G. bulge leathern sack, Skr. b to be large, strong; the]
fiendish a.
Like a fiend; diabolically wicked or cruel; infernal; malignant; devilish; hellish.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Brothers is in the public domain. This text is taken from Fifty Years, & Other Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #17884; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: James Weldon Johnson, Brothers, in Fifty Years and Other Poems (1917), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #17884, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/johnson-fifty-years/brothers.html, id L08294.

Form and metre

Brothers is 70 lines in 8 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.7 syllables. 2 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 42% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -AA--- air · heA · eyeA · shines · orbs · trap
  2. 2 --A-A--- form · wear · fromA · race · fromA · wars · babes · out
  3. 5 --A-------BCB-A---C learned · deeds · hateA · have · life · men · and · lust · mine · prayers · bequestsB · cryC · breastsB · am · degenerateA · sin · fed · same · iC
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
See! There he stands; not brave, but with an air10··········
Of sullen stupor. Mark him well! Is he10·/˘/˘·····
Not more like brute than man? Look in his eye!10··········
No light is there; none, save the glint that shines10··········
In the now glaring, and now shifting orbs10···/˘··/˘·
Of some wild animal caught in the hunter's trap.11···/˘···/˘·
How came this beast in human shape and form?10·····/˘···
Speak, man!--We call you man because you wear10··········
His shape--How are you thus? Are you not from10··········
That docile, child-like, tender-hearted race10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Which we have known three centuries? Not from10·····/˘˘··
That more than faithful race which through three wars10···/˘·····
Fed our dear wives and nursed our helpless babes10·/····//˘·
Without a single breach of trust? Speak out!10···/˘·····
Then who, why are you?5·····
I am a thing not new, I am as old10··········
As human nature. I am that which lurks,10·/˘/˘·····
Ready to spring whenever a bar is loosed;11/˘··˘/˘····
The ancient trait which fights incessantly10·/˘···˘/˘˘
Against restraint, balks at the upward climb;10··˘/···/˘·
The weight forever seeking to obey10··˘/˘/˘·˘/
The law of downward pull;--and I am more:10···/˘·····
The bitter fruit am I of planted seed;10·/˘····/˘·
The resultant, the inevitable end10·˘/˘·˘/˘˘·
Of evil forces and the powers of wrong.10·//˘··/˘··
Lessons in degradation, taught and learned,10/˘··˘/˘···
The memories of cruel sights and deeds,10·/˘˘·/˘···
The pent-up bitterness, the unspent hate10···/˘˘·˘/·
Filtered through fifteen generations have10/˘·˘/·˘/˘·
Sprung up and found in me sporadic life.10······˘/˘·
In me the muttered curse of dying men,10···/˘··/˘·
On me the stain of conquered women, and10·····/˘/˘·
Consuming me the fearful fires of lust,10˘/˘··/˘/··
Lit long ago, by other hands than mine.10··˘/·/˘···
In me the down-crushed spirit, the hurled-back prayers10·····/····
Of wretches now long dead,--their dire bequests.--10········˘/
In me the echo of the stifled cry10···/˘··/˘·
Of children for their bartered mothers' breasts.10·/˘··/˘/˘·
I claim no race, no race claims me; I am10··········
No more than human dregs; degenerate;10···/˘·˘/˘·
The monstrous offspring of the monster, Sin;10·/˘/···/˘·
I am--just what I am.... The race that fed10··········
Your wives and nursed your babes would do the same10··········
To-day, but I--4····
Enough, the brute must die!6˘/····
Quick! Chain him to that oak! It will resist10········˘/
The fire much longer than this slender pine.10·/·/˘··/˘·
Now bring the fuel! Pile it 'round him! Wait!10···/˘·····
Pile not so fast or high! or we shall lose10··········
The agony and terror in his face.10·/˘˘·/˘···
And now the torch! Good fuel that! the flames10·····/˘···
Already leap head-high. Ha! hear that shriek!10˘/˘·······
And there's another! wilder than the first.10··˘/˘/˘···
Fetch water! Water! Pour a little on10·/˘/˘··/˘·
The fire, lest it should burn too fast. Hold so!10·/········
Now let it slowly blaze again. See there!10···/˘·˘/··
He squirms! He groans! His eyes bulge wildly out,10·······/˘·
Searching around in vain appeal for help!10/˘····˘/··
Another shriek, the last! Watch how the flesh10˘/˘·······
Grows crisp and hangs till, turned to ash, it sifts10··········
Down through the coils of chain that hold erect10········˘/
The ghastly frame against the bark-scorched tree.10·/˘·······
Stop! to each man no more than one man's share.10··········
You take that bone, and you this tooth; the chain--10··········
Let us divide its links; this skull, of course,10··˘/······
In fair division, to the leader comes.10··˘/˘··/˘·
And now his fiendish crime has been avenged;10···/˘···˘/
Let us back to our wives and children.--Say,10····/··/˘·
What did he mean by those last muttered words,10·······/˘·
"Brothers in spirit, brothers in deed are we"?10/˘·//˘····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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