Boaz Asleep

Victor Hugo (1802–1885), translated by various hands · 1888

iambic pentameter · ABBA · 64 lines · from Poems

At work within his barn since very early,Fairly tired out with toiling all the day,Upon the small bed where he always layBoaz was sleeping by his sacks of barley.

Barley and wheat-fields he possessed, and well,Though rich, loved justice; wherefore all the floodThat turned his mill-wheels was unstained with mudAnd in his smithy blazed no fire of hell.

His beard was silver, as in April allA stream may be; he did not grudge a stook.When the poor gleaner passed, with kindly look,Quoth he, "Of purpose let some handfuls fall."

He walked his way of life straight on and plain,With justice clothed, like linen white and clean,And ever rustling towards the poor, I ween,Like public fountains ran his sacks of grain.

Good master, faithful friend, in his estateFrugal yet generous, beyond the youthHe won regard of woman, for in soothThe young man may be fair--the old man's great.

Life's primal source, unchangeable and bright,The old man entereth, the day eterne;And in the young man's eye a flame may burn,But in the old man's eye one seeth light.

As Jacob slept, or Judith, so full deepSlept Boaz 'neath the leaves. Now it betided,Heaven's gate being partly open, that there glidedA fair dream forth, and hovered o'er his sleep.

And in his dream to heaven, the blue and broad,Right from his loins an oak tree grew amain.His race ran up it far, like a long chain;Below it sung a king, above it died a God.

Whereupon Boaz murmured in his heart,"The number of my years is past fourscore:How may this be? I have not any more,Or son, or wife; yea, she who had her part.

"In this my couch, O Lord! is now in Thine;And she, half living, I half dead within,Our beings still commingle and are twin,It cannot be that I should found a line!

"Youth hath triumphal mornings; its days boundFrom night, as from a victory. But suchA trembling as the birch-tree's to the touchOf winter is an eld, and evening closes round.

"I bow myself to death, as lone to meetThe water bow their fronts athirst." He said.The cedar feeleth not the rose's head,Nor he the woman's presence at his feet!

For while he slept, the Moabitess RuthLay at his feet, expectant of his waking.He knowing not what sweet guile she was making;She knowing not what God would have in sooth.

Asphodel scents did Gilgal's breezes bring--Through nuptial shadows, questionless, full fastThe angels sped, for momently there passedA something blue which seemed to be a wing.

Silent was all in Jezreel and Ur--The stars were glittering in the heaven's dusk meadows.Far west among those flowers of the shadows.The thin clear crescent lustrous over her,

Made Ruth raise question, looking through the barsOf heaven, with eyes half-oped, what God, what comerUnto the harvest of the eternal summer,Had flung his golden hook down on the field of stars.

Words in this poem 22
fairly adv.
In a fairmanner; clearly; openly; plainly; fully; distinctly; frankly.
wherefore adv.
For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
smithy n.
The workshop of a smith, esp. a blacksmith; a smithery; a stithy. [AS. smi, fr. smi; akin to D. smidse, smids, OHG. smitta, G. schmiede, Icel. smi. See Smith, n.]
stook n.
A small collection of sheaves set up in the field; a shock; in England, twelve sheaves. [Scot. stook, stouk; cf. LG. stuke a heap, bundle, G. stauche a truss, bundle of flax.]
gleaner n.
One who gathers after reapers.
quoth v. t.
Said; spoke; uttered; -- used only in the first and third persons in the past tenses, and always followed by its nominative, the word or words said being the object; as, quoth I. quoth he. [AS.cweedhan, imp cwæedh, pl. cwædon; akin to OS. queedhan, OHG. quethan, quedan, Icel. kveedha, Goth. qiþan. sq. root22. Cf. Bequeath.]
ween v. i.
To think; to imagine; to fancy. [OE. wenen, AS. w, fr. w hope, expectation, opinion; akin to D. waan, OFries. w, OS. & OHG. wan, G. wahn delusion, Icel. van hope, expectation, Goth. w, and D. w]
generous a.
Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [F. généreux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.]
sooth a.
True; faithful; trustworthy. [OE. soth, AS. s, for san; akin to OS. s, OHG. sand, Icel. sannr, Sw. sann, Dan. sand, Skr. sat, sant, real, genuine, present, being; properly p. pr. from a root]
primal a.
First; primary; original; chief. [LL. primalis, fr. L. primus the first. See Prime, a.]
amain adv.
With might; with full force; vigorously; violently; exceedingly. [Pref. a- + main. See 2d Main, n.]
whereupon adv.
Upon which; in consequence of which; after which.
fourscore a.
Four times twenty; eighty. [Four + core, n.]
commingle v. t.
To mingle together; to mix in one mass, or intimately; to blend.
triumphal n.
A token of victory.
lone n.
A lane. See Loanin.
athirst a.
Wanting drink; thirsty. [OE. ofthurst, AS. ofpyrsted, p. p. of ofpyrstan; pref. of-, intensive + pyrstan to thirst. See Thirst.]
moabitess n.
A female Moabite. Ruth i. 22.
ruth n.
Sorrow for the misery of another; pity; tenderness. [From Rue, v.: cf. Icel. hryggedh, hrygedh.]
asphodel n.
A general name for a plant of the genus Asphodelus. The asphodels are hardy perennial plants, several species of which are cultivated for the beauty of their flowers. [L. asphodelus, Gr. Daffodil.]
questionless a.
Unquestioning; incurious.
comer n.
One who comes, or who has come; one who has arrived, and is present. All comers, all who come, or offer, to take part in a matter, especially in a contest or controversy.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Boaz Asleep is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #8775, the various hands translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Victor Hugo, Boaz Asleep, in Poems (1888), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #8775, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/hugo-poems/boaz-asleep.html, id L26821.

Form and metre

Boaz Asleep is 64 lines in 16 stanzas of 4 lines each. Every stanza rhymes ABBA. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABBA earlyA · dayB · layB · barleyA
  2. 2 ABBA wellA · floodB · mudB · hellA
  3. 3 ABBA allA · stookB · lookB · fallA
  4. 4 ABBA plainA · cleanB · weenB · grainA
  5. 5 ABBA estateA · youthB · soothB · greatA
  6. 6 ABBA brightA · eterneB · burnB · lightA
  7. 7 ABBA deepA · betidedB · glidedB · sleepA
  8. 8 ABBA broadA · amainB · chainB · godA
  9. 9 ABBA heartA · fourscoreB · moreB · partA
  10. 10 ABBA thineA · withinB · twinB · lineA
  11. 11 ABBA boundA · suchB · touchB · roundA
  12. 12 ABBA meetA · saidB · headB · feetA
  13. 13 ABBA ruthA · wakingB · makingB · soothA
  14. 14 ABBA bringA · fastB · passedB · wingA
  15. 15 ABBA urA · meadowsB · shadowsB · herA
  16. 16 ABBA barsA · comerB · summerB · starsA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
At work within his barn since very early,11·······/˘/˘
Fairly tired out with toiling all the day,10/˘/··/˘···
Upon the small bed where he always lay10·······/··
Boaz was sleeping by his sacks of barley.11/˘·/˘····/˘
Barley and wheat-fields he possessed, and well,10/˘····˘/··
Though rich, loved justice; wherefore all the flood10···/˘/˘···
That turned his mill-wheels was unstained with mud10······˘/··
And in his smithy blazed no fire of hell.10···/˘··/··
His beard was silver, as in April all10···/˘··/˘·
A stream may be; he did not grudge a stook.10··········
When the poor gleaner passed, with kindly look,10···/˘··/˘·
Quoth he, "Of purpose let some handfuls fall."10···/˘··/··
He walked his way of life straight on and plain,10··········
With justice clothed, like linen white and clean,10·/˘··/˘···
And ever rustling towards the poor, I ween,10·//˘······
Like public fountains ran his sacks of grain.10·/˘/˘·····
Good master, faithful friend, in his estate10·/˘/˘···˘/
Frugal yet generous, beyond the youth10/˘·/˘˘····
He won regard of woman, for in sooth10··˘/·/˘···
The young man may be fair--the old man's great.10··········
Life's primal source, unchangeable and bright,10·/˘·······
The old man entereth, the day eterne;10···/˘˘··˘/
And in the young man's eye a flame may burn,10··········
But in the old man's eye one seeth light.9·········
As Jacob slept, or Judith, so full deep10·/˘··/˘···
Slept Boaz 'neath the leaves. Now it betided,11·/˘·····˘/˘
Heaven's gate being partly open, that there glided12/˘·//˘/˘··/˘
A fair dream forth, and hovered o'er his sleep.10·····/˘···
And in his dream to heaven, the blue and broad,10·····/····
Right from his loins an oak tree grew amain.10········˘/
His race ran up it far, like a long chain;10··········
Below it sung a king, above it died a God.12············
Whereupon Boaz murmured in his heart,10/˘//˘/˘···
"The number of my years is past fourscore:10·/˘·····/˘
How may this be? I have not any more,10·······/˘·
Or son, or wife; yea, she who had her part.10··········
"In this my couch, O Lord! is now in Thine;10··········
And she, half living, I half dead within,10···/˘·····
Our beings still commingle and are twin,10//˘·˘/˘···
It cannot be that I should found a line!10·/˘·······
"Youth hath triumphal mornings; its days bound10··˘/˘/˘···
From night, as from a victory. But such10·····/˘˘··
A trembling as the birch-tree's to the touch10·/˘·······
Of winter is an eld, and evening closes round.12·/˘····/˘/˘·
"I bow myself to death, as lone to meet10···/······
The water bow their fronts athirst." He said.10·/˘···˘/··
The cedar feeleth not the rose's head,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Nor he the woman's presence at his feet!10···/˘/˘···
For while he slept, the Moabitess Ruth9·····/˘˘·
Lay at his feet, expectant of his waking.11····˘/˘··/˘
He knowing not what sweet guile she was making;11·/˘······/˘
She knowing not what God would have in sooth.10·/˘·······
Asphodel scents did Gilgal's breezes bring--10/˘˘····/˘·
Through nuptial shadows, questionless, full fast10·/˘/·/˘˘··
The angels sped, for momently there passed10·/˘··/˘˘··
A something blue which seemed to be a wing.10·/˘·······
Silent was all in Jezreel and Ur--9/˘·······
The stars were glittering in the heaven's dusk meadows.12···/˘··/˘·/·
Far west among those flowers of the shadows.10·····/··/·
The thin clear crescent lustrous over her,10···/˘/˘···
Made Ruth raise question, looking through the bars10···/˘/˘···
Of heaven, with eyes half-oped, what God, what comer11·/·······/˘
Unto the harvest of the eternal summer,12···/˘··˘/˘/˘
Had flung his golden hook down on the field of stars.12···/˘·······

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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