The Peasant’s Confession
GOOD Father! . . . ’Twas an eve in middle June,And war was waged anewBy great Napoleon, who for years had strewnMen’s bones all Europe through.
Three nights ere this, with columned corps he’d crossedThe Sambre at Charleroi,To move on Brussels, where the English hostDallied in Parc and Bois.
The yestertide we’d heard the gloomy gunGrowl through the long-sunned dayFrom Quatre-Bras and Ligny; till the dunTwilight suppressed the fray;
Albeit therein—as lated tongues bespoke—Brunswick’s high heart was drained,And Prussia’s Line and Landwehr, though unbroke,Stood cornered and constrained.
And at next noon-time Grouchy slowly passedWith thirty thousand men:We hoped thenceforth no army, small or vast,Would trouble us again.
My hut lay deeply in a vale recessed,And never a soul seemed nighWhen, reassured at length, we went to rest—My children, wife, and I.
But what was this that broke our humble ease?What noise, above the rain,Above the dripping of the poplar treesThat smote along the pane?
—A call of mastery, bidding me arise,Compelled me to the door,At which a horseman stood in martial guise—Splashed—sweating from every pore.
Had I seen Grouchy? Yes? Which track took he?Could I lead thither on?—Fulfilment would ensure gold pieces three,Perchance more gifts anon.
“I bear the Emperor’s mandate,” then he said,“Charging the Marshal straightTo strike between the double host aheadEre they co-operate,
“Engaging Blücher till the Emperor putLord Wellington to flight,And next the Prussians. This to set afootIs my emprise to-night.”
I joined him in the mist; but, pausing, soughtTo estimate his say.Grouchy had made for Wavre; and yet, on thought,I did not lead that way.
I mused: “If Grouchy thus instructed be,The clash comes sheer hereon;My farm is stript. While, as for pieces three,Money the French have none.
“Grouchy unwarned, moreo’er, the English win,And mine is left to me—They buy, not borrow.”—Hence did I beginTo lead him treacherously.
By Joidoigne, near to east, as we ondrew,Dawn pierced the humid air;And eastward faced I with him, though I knewNever marched Grouchy there.
Near Ottignies we passed, across the Dyle(Lim’lette left far aside),And thence direct toward Pervez and NovilleThrough green grain, till he cried:
“I doubt thy conduct, man! no track is here—I doubt thy gagèd word!”Thereat he scowled on me, and pranced me near,And pricked me with his sword.
“Nay, Captain, hold! We skirt, not trace the courseOf Grouchy,” said I then:“As we go, yonder went he, with his forceOf thirty thousand men.”
—At length noon nighed; when west, from Saint-John’s-Mound,A hoarse artillery boomed,And from Saint-Lambert’s upland, chapel-crowned,The Prussian squadrons loomed.
Then to the wayless wet gray ground he leapt;“My mission fails!” he cried;“Too late for Grouchy now to intercept,For, peasant, you have lied!”
He turned to pistol me. I sprang, and drewThe sabre from his flank,And ’twixt his nape and shoulder, ere he knew,I struck, and dead he sank.
I hid him deep in nodding rye and oat—His shroud green stalks and loam;His requiem the corn-blade’s husky note—And then I hastened home, . . .
—Two armies writhe in coils of red and blue,And brass and iron clangFrom Goumont, past the front of Waterloo,To Pap’lotte and Smohain.
The Guard Imperial wavered on the height;The Emperor’s face grew glum;“I sent,” he said, “to Grouchy yesternight,And yet he does not come!”
’Twas then, Good Father, that the French espied,Streaking the summer land,The men of Blücher. But the Emperor cried,“Grouchy is now at hand!”
And meanwhile Vand’leur, Vivian, Maitland, Kempt,Met d’Erlon, Friant, Ney;But Grouchy—mis-sent, blamed, yet blame-exempt—Grouchy was far away.
By even, slain or struck, Michel the strong,Bold Travers, Dnop, Delord,Smart Guyot, Reil-le, l’Heriter, Friant,Scattered that champaign o’er.
Fallen likewise wronged Duhesme, and skilled LobauDid that red sunset see;Colbert, Legros, Blancard! . . . And of the foePicton and Ponsonby;
With Gordon, Canning, Blackman, Ompteda,L’Estrange, Delancey, Packe,Grose, D’Oyly, Stables, Morice, Howard, Hay,Von Schwerin, Watzdorf, Boek,
Smith, Phelips, Fuller, Lind, and Battersby,And hosts of ranksmen round . . .Memorials linger yet to speak to theeOf those that bit the ground!
The Guards’ last column yielded; dykes of deadLay between vale and ridge,As, thinned yet closing, faint yet fierce, they spedIn packs to Genappe Bridge.
Safe was my stock; my capple cow unslain;Intact each cock and hen;But Grouchy far at Wavre all day had lain,And thirty thousand men.
O Saints, had I but lost my earing cornAnd saved the cause once prized!O Saints, why such false witness had I borneWhen late I’d sympathized! . . .
So now, being old, my children eye askanceMy slowly dwindling store,And crave my mite; till, worn with tarriance,I care for life no more.
To Almighty God henceforth I stand confessed,And Virgin-Saint Marie;O Michael, John, and Holy Ones in rest,Entreat the Lord for me!
Words in this poem 45
- napoleon n.
- A French gold coin of twenty francs, or about $3.86. [From the Emperor Napoleon 1.]
- columned a.
- Having columns.
- corps n.
- The human body, whether living or dead. See Corpse, 1. [F., fr. L. corpus body. See Corpse.]
- albeit conj.
- Even though; although; notwithstanding. [OE. al be although it be, where al is our all. Cf. Although.]
- lated a.
- Belated; too late.
- landwehr n.
- That part of the army, in Germany and Austria, which has completed the usual military service and is exempt from duty in time of peace, except that it is called out occasionally for drill. [G., fr. land land, country + wehr defense.]
- cornered p. a.
- 1 Having corners or angles.
- thenceforth adv.
- From that time; thereafter.
- vale n.
- A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
- recessed a.
- Having a recess or recesses; as, a recessed arch or wall.
- went n.
- Course; way; path; journey; direction.
- broke v. i.
- To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
- dripping n.
- A falling in drops, or the sound so made.
- pane n.
- The narrow edge of a hammer head. See Peen. [F. panne.]
- ensure v. t.
- To make sure. See Insure.
- anon adv.
- Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
- ahead adv.
- In or to the front; in advance; onward. [Pref. a- + head.]
- emprise n.
- An enterprise; endeavor; adventure. [OF. emprise, fr. emprendre to undertake; pref. em- (L. in) + F. prendre to take, L. prehendere, prendere; prae before + a verb akin to E. get. See Get, and cf. ]
- wavre v. i.
- To play or move to and fro; to move one way and the other; hence, to totter; to reel; to swing; to flutter. [OE. waveren, from AS. wæfre wavering, restless. See Wave, v. i.]
- hereon adv.
- On or upon this; hereupon.
- borrow v. t.
- To receive from another as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning the identical article or its equivalent in kind; -- the opposite of lend. [OE. borwen, AS. borgian, fr. borg, borh, pledge; akin to D. borg, G. borg; prob. fr. root of AS. beorgan to protect. Borough.]
- thereat adv.
- At that place; there.
- yonder adv.
- At a distance, but within view. [OE. yonder, ýonder; cf. OD. ginder, Goth. jaindr there. Yond, adv.]
- artillery n.
- Munitions of war; implements for warfare, as slings, bows, and arrows. [OE. artilrie, OF. artillerie, arteillerie, fr. LL. artillaria, artilleria, machines and apparatus of all kinds used in war, vans laden with arms of any kind whi]
- wayless a.
- Having no road or path; pathless.
- lied n.
- A lay; a German song. It differs from the French chanson, and the Italian canzone, all three being national. [G.]
- sabre n.
- A sword with a broad and heavy blade, thick at the back, and usually more or less curved like a scimiter; a cavalry sword. Saber fish, or Sabre fish (Zoöl.), the cutlass fish.
- requiem n.
- A mass said or sung for the repose of a departed soul. [Acc. of L. requies rest, the first words of the Mass being "Requiem aeternam dona eis, Domine," give eternal rest to them, O lord; pref. re- re + quies quiet. S]
- husky a.
- Abounding with husks; consisting of husks. [From Husk, n.]
- clang v. t.
- To strike together so as to produce a ringing metallic sound. [L. clangere; akin to Gr. clank.]
- glum n.
- Sullenness. Skelton. [See Gloom.]
- yesternight n.
- The last night; the night last past.
- meanwhile n.
- The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
- travers adv.
- Across; athwart. [F. travers, breadth, extent from side, à travers, en travers, de travers, across, athwart. See Traverse, a.]
- champaign n.
- A flat, open country. [OF. champaigne; same word as campagne.]
- blancard n.
- A kind of linen cloth made in Normandy, the thread of which is partly blanches before it is woven. [F., fr. blanc white.]
- lind n.
- The linden. See Linden.
- genappe n.
- A worsted yarn or cord of peculiar smoothness, used in the manufacture of braid, fringe, etc. Simmonds. [From Genappe, in Belgium.]
- intact a.
- Untouched, especially by anything that harms, defiles, or the like; uninjured; undefiled; left complete or entire. Buckle. [L. intactus; pref. in- not + tactus, p. p. of tangere to touch: cf. F. intact. See In- not, and Tact, Tangent.]
- earing n.
- A plowing of land.
- askance adv.
- Sideways; obliquely; with a side glance; with disdain, envy, or suspicion. [Cf. D. schuin, schuins, sideways, schuiven to shove, schuinte slope. Cf. Asquint.]
- crave v. t.
- To ask with earnestness or importunity; to ask with submission or humility; to beg; to entreat; to beseech; to implore. [AS. crafian; akin to Icel. krefia, Sw. kr, Dan. kr.]
- tarriance n.
- The act or time of tarrying; delay; lateness.
- henceforth adv.
- From this time forward; henceforward.
- entreat v. t.
- To treat, or conduct toward; to deal with; to use. [OE. entreten to treat, request, OF. entraiter to treat of; pref. en- (L. in) + traitier to treat. See Treat.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
The Peasant’s Confession is in the public domain. This text is taken from Wessex Poems and Other Verses, Project Gutenberg ebook #3167; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Thomas Hardy, The Peasant’s Confession, in Wessex Poems and Other Verses (1898), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #3167, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/hardy-wessex-poems/the-peasant-s-confession.html, id L04458.
Form and metre
The Peasant’s Confession is 140 lines in 35 stanzas of 4 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABAB, complete in 22 of its 35 stanzas. 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.0 syllables. 3 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 22% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ABAB juneA · anewB · strewnA · throughB
- 3 ABAB gunA · dayB · dunA · frayB
- 4 ABAB bespokeA · drainedB · unbrokeA · constrainedB
- 5 ABAB passedA · menB · vastA · againB
- 6 ABAB recessedA · nighB · restA · iB
- 7 ABAB easeA · rainB · treesA · paneB
- 8 ABAB ariseA · doorB · guiseA · poreB
- 9 A-A- heA · on · threeA · anon
- 10 ABAB saidA · straightB · aheadA · operateB
- 11 ABAB putA · flightB · afootA · nightB
- 12 ABAB soughtA · sayB · thoughtA · wayB
- 13 A-A- beA · hereon · threeA · none
- 14 A-A- winA · me · beginA · treacherously
- 15 -A-A ondrew · airA · knew · thereA
- 16 -A-A dyle · asideA · noville · criedA
- 17 A-A- hereA · word · nearA · sword
- 18 ABAB courseA · thenB · forceA · menB
- 19 ABAB moundA · boomedB · crownedA · loomedB
- 20 ABAB leaptA · criedB · interceptA · liedB
- 21 ABAB drewA · flankB · knewA · sankB
- 22 ABAB oatA · loamB · noteA · homeB
- 23 A-A- blueA · clang · waterlooA · smohain
- 24 ABAB heightA · glumB · yesternightA · comeB
- 25 ABAB espiedA · landB · criedA · handB
- 26 ABAB kemptA · neyB · exemptA · awayB
- 30 -A-A battersby · roundA · thee · groundA
- 31 ABAB deadA · ridgeB · spedA · bridgeB
- 32 ABAB unslainA · henB · lainA · menB
- 33 ABAB cornA · prizedB · borneA · sympathizedB
- 34 -A-A askance · storeA · tarriance · moreA
- 35 ABAB confessedA · marieB · restA · meB
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| GOOD Father! . . . ’Twas an eve in middle June, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| And war was waged anew | 6 | ····˘/ |
| By great Napoleon, who for years had strewn | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Men’s bones all Europe through. | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Three nights ere this, with columned corps he’d crossed | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| The Sambre at Charleroi, | 7 | ·/˘···· |
| To move on Brussels, where the English host | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Dallied in Parc and Bois. | 6 | /˘···· |
| The yestertide we’d heard the gloomy gun | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Growl through the long-sunned day | 6 | ······ |
| From Quatre-Bras and Ligny; till the dun | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Twilight suppressed the fray; | 6 | /·˘/·· |
| Albeit therein—as lated tongues bespoke— | 11 | ˘/˘···/˘·˘/ |
| Brunswick’s high heart was drained, | 6 | /˘···· |
| And Prussia’s Line and Landwehr, though unbroke, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Stood cornered and constrained. | 6 | ·/˘·˘/ |
| And at next noon-time Grouchy slowly passed | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| With thirty thousand men: | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| We hoped thenceforth no army, small or vast, | 10 | ···/·/˘··· |
| Would trouble us again. | 6 | ·/˘·˘/ |
| My hut lay deeply in a vale recessed, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| And never a soul seemed nigh | 6 | ·/···· |
| When, reassured at length, we went to rest— | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| My children, wife, and I. | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| But what was this that broke our humble ease? | 10 | ······//˘· |
| What noise, above the rain, | 6 | ······ |
| Above the dripping of the poplar trees | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| That smote along the pane? | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| —A call of mastery, bidding me arise, | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| Compelled me to the door, | 6 | ˘/···· |
| At which a horseman stood in martial guise— | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Splashed—sweating from every pore. | 7 | ·/˘·/˘· |
| Had I seen Grouchy? Yes? Which track took he? | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Could I lead thither on?— | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Fulfilment would ensure gold pieces three, | 10 | ····˘/·/˘· |
| Perchance more gifts anon. | 6 | ˘/··˘/ |
| “I bear the Emperor’s mandate,” then he said, | 10 | ···/˘/···· |
| “Charging the Marshal straight | 6 | /˘·/˘· |
| To strike between the double host ahead | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Ere they co-operate, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| “Engaging Blücher till the Emperor put | 10 | ˘/˘····/˘· |
| Lord Wellington to flight, | 6 | ·/˘˘·· |
| And next the Prussians. This to set afoot | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Is my emprise to-night.” | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| I joined him in the mist; but, pausing, sought | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| To estimate his say. | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Grouchy had made for Wavre; and yet, on thought, | 11 | /˘···/˘···· |
| I did not lead that way. | 6 | ······ |
| I mused: “If Grouchy thus instructed be, | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| The clash comes sheer hereon; | 6 | ····˘/ |
| My farm is stript. While, as for pieces three, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Money the French have none. | 6 | /˘···· |
| “Grouchy unwarned, moreo’er, the English win, | 10 | /˘·····/˘· |
| And mine is left to me— | 6 | ······ |
| They buy, not borrow.”—Hence did I begin | 10 | ···/····˘/ |
| To lead him treacherously. | 7 | ······· |
| By Joidoigne, near to east, as we ondrew, | 10 | ·········· |
| Dawn pierced the humid air; | 6 | ···/˘· |
| And eastward faced I with him, though I knew | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Never marched Grouchy there. | 6 | /˘·/˘· |
| Near Ottignies we passed, across the Dyle | 10 | ·····˘/··· |
| (Lim’lette left far aside), | 6 | ····˘/ |
| And thence direct toward Pervez and Noville | 12 | ··˘/········ |
| Through green grain, till he cried: | 6 | ······ |
| “I doubt thy conduct, man! no track is here— | 10 | ···˘/····· |
| I doubt thy gagèd word!” | 5 | ····· |
| Thereat he scowled on me, and pranced me near, | 10 | ˘/········ |
| And pricked me with his sword. | 6 | ······ |
| “Nay, Captain, hold! We skirt, not trace the course | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Of Grouchy,” said I then: | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| “As we go, yonder went he, with his force | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Of thirty thousand men.” | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| —At length noon nighed; when west, from Saint-John’s-Mound, | 10 | ·········· |
| A hoarse artillery boomed, | 6 | ··˘/˘· |
| And from Saint-Lambert’s upland, chapel-crowned, | 10 | ···/˘/˘/˘· |
| The Prussian squadrons loomed. | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| Then to the wayless wet gray ground he leapt; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| “My mission fails!” he cried; | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| “Too late for Grouchy now to intercept, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| For, peasant, you have lied!” | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| He turned to pistol me. I sprang, and drew | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The sabre from his flank, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| And ’twixt his nape and shoulder, ere he knew, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| I struck, and dead he sank. | 6 | ······ |
| I hid him deep in nodding rye and oat— | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| His shroud green stalks and loam; | 6 | ······ |
| His requiem the corn-blade’s husky note— | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| And then I hastened home, . . . | 6 | ···/˘· |
| —Two armies writhe in coils of red and blue, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| And brass and iron clang | 6 | ···/˘· |
| From Goumont, past the front of Waterloo, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| To Pap’lotte and Smohain. | 6 | ······ |
| The Guard Imperial wavered on the height; | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘··· |
| The Emperor’s face grew glum; | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| “I sent,” he said, “to Grouchy yesternight, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘˘ |
| And yet he does not come!” | 6 | ······ |
| ’Twas then, Good Father, that the French espied, | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| Streaking the summer land, | 6 | /˘·/˘· |
| The men of Blücher. But the Emperor cried, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| “Grouchy is now at hand!” | 6 | /˘···· |
| And meanwhile Vand’leur, Vivian, Maitland, Kempt, | 10 | ·/···/˘/˘· |
| Met d’Erlon, Friant, Ney; | 5 | ····· |
| But Grouchy—mis-sent, blamed, yet blame-exempt— | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| Grouchy was far away. | 6 | /˘··˘/ |
| By even, slain or struck, Michel the strong, | 9 | ·/···/˘·· |
| Bold Travers, Dnop, Delord, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Smart Guyot, Reil-le, l’Heriter, Friant, | 9 | ·/˘······ |
| Scattered that champaign o’er. | 6 | /˘·˘/· |
| Fallen likewise wronged Duhesme, and skilled Lobau | 11 | /˘/········ |
| Did that red sunset see; | 6 | ···/·· |
| Colbert, Legros, Blancard! . . . And of the foe | 10 | /˘/˘/˘···· |
| Picton and Ponsonby; | 6 | /˘···· |
| With Gordon, Canning, Blackman, Ompteda, | 10 | ·/˘/˘/˘··· |
| L’Estrange, Delancey, Packe, | 6 | ˘//˘˘· |
| Grose, D’Oyly, Stables, Morice, Howard, Hay, | 9 | ·/˘/˘/˘/· |
| Von Schwerin, Watzdorf, Boek, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Smith, Phelips, Fuller, Lind, and Battersby, | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| And hosts of ranksmen round . . . | 6 | ······ |
| Memorials linger yet to speak to thee | 10 | ˘/˘/˘····· |
| Of those that bit the ground! | 6 | ······ |
| The Guards’ last column yielded; dykes of dead | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Lay between vale and ridge, | 6 | ······ |
| As, thinned yet closing, faint yet fierce, they sped | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| In packs to Genappe Bridge. | 6 | ···˘/· |
| Safe was my stock; my capple cow unslain; | 10 | ·········· |
| Intact each cock and hen; | 6 | ˘/···· |
| But Grouchy far at Wavre all day had lain, | 11 | ·/˘··/˘···· |
| And thirty thousand men. | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| O Saints, had I but lost my earing corn | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And saved the cause once prized! | 6 | ······ |
| O Saints, why such false witness had I borne | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| When late I’d sympathized! . . . | 6 | ···/˘· |
| So now, being old, my children eye askance | 10 | ··/··/˘·˘/ |
| My slowly dwindling store, | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| And crave my mite; till, worn with tarriance, | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| I care for life no more. | 6 | ······ |
| To Almighty God henceforth I stand confessed, | 11 | ·˘/˘·//··˘/ |
| And Virgin-Saint Marie; | 6 | ·/˘·˘/ |
| O Michael, John, and Holy Ones in rest, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Entreat the Lord for me! | 6 | ˘/···· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.