Part II

Thomas Hardy (1840–1928) · 1914

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 309 lines · from Satires of Circumstance, Lyrics and Reveries

Thus did he speak—this brother of mine—On Exon Wild by Dunkery Tor,Born at my birth of mother of mine,And forthwith went his wayTo dare the deed some coming night . . .I kept the watch with shaking sight,The moon at moments breaking bright,At others glooming gray.

For three full days I heard no soundWhere Dunkery frowns on Exon Moor,I heard no sound at all aroundWhether his fay prevailed,Or one malign the master were,Till some afoot did tidings bearHow that, for all his practised care,He had been caught and jailed.

They had heard a crash when twelve had chimedBy Mendip east of Dunkery Tor,When twelve had chimed and moonlight climbed;They watched, and he was trackedBy arch and aisle and saint and knightOf sculptured stonework sheeted whiteIn the cathedral’s ghostly light,And captured in the act.

Yes; for this Love he loved too wellWhere Dunkery sights the Severn shore,All for this Love he loved too wellHe burst the holy bars,Seized golden vessels from the chestTo buy her ornaments of the best,At her ill-witchery’s requestAnd lure of eyes like stars . . .

When blustering March confused the skyIn Toneborough Town by Exon Moor,When blustering March confused the skyThey stretched him; and he died.Down in the crowd where I, to seeThe end of him, stood silently,With a set face he lipped to me—“Remember.” “Ay!” I cried.

By night and day I shadowed herFrom Toneborough Deane to Dunkery Tor,I shadowed her asleep, astir,And yet I could not bear—Till Wrestler Joe anon beganTo figure as her chosen man,And took her to his shining van—To doom a form so fair!

He made it handsome for her sake—And Dunkery smiled to Exon Moor—He made it handsome for her sake,Painting it out and in;And on the door of apple-greenA bright brass knocker soon was seen,And window-curtains white and cleanFor her to sit within.

And all could see she clave to himAs cleaves a cloud to Dunkery Tor,Yea, all could see she clave to him,And every day I said,“A pity it seems to part those twoThat hourly grow to love more true:Yet she’s the wanton woman whoSent one to swing till dead!”

That blew to blazing all my hate,While Dunkery frowned on Exon Moor,And when the river swelled, her fateCame to her pitilessly . . .I dogged her, crying: “Across that plankThey use as bridge to reach yon bankA coat and hat lie limp and dank;Your goodman’s, can they be?”

She paled, and went, I close behind—And Exon frowned to Dunkery Tor,She went, and I came up behindAnd tipped the plank that boreHer, fleetly flitting across to eyeWhat such might bode. She slid awry;And from the current came a cry,A gurgle; and no more.

How that befell no mortal knewFrom Marlbury Downs to Exon Moor;No mortal knew that deed undueBut he who schemed the crime,Which night still covers . . . But in dreamThose ropes of hair upon the streamHe sees, and he will hear that screamUntil his judgment-time.

(Inventor of the “Perpendicular” Style of Gothic Architecture)

THE new-vamped Abbey shaped apaceIn the fourteenth century of grace;

(The church which, at an after date,Acquired cathedral rank and state.)

Panel and circumscribing wallOf latest feature, trim and tall,

Rose roundabout the Norman coreIn prouder pose than theretofore,

Encasing magically the oldWith parpend ashlars manifold.

The trowels rang out, and traceryAppeared where blanks had used to be.

Men toiled for pleasure more than pay,And all went smoothly day by day,

Till, in due course, the transept partEngrossed the master-mason’s art.

“What fearful visions have inspiredThese gaingivings?” his wife inquired;

“As if your tools were in your handYou have hammered, fitted, muttered, planned;

“You have thumped as you were working hard:I might have found me bruised and scarred.

“What then’s amiss. What eating careLooms nigh, whereof I am unaware?”

He answered not, but churchward went,Viewing his draughts with discontent;

And fumbled there the livelong dayTill, hollow-eyed, he came away.

Quoth Abbot Wygmore: “Why, O whyDistress yourself? You’ll surely die!”

The mason answered, trouble-torn,“This long-vogued style is quite outworn!

“The upper archmould nohow servesTo meet the lower tracery curves:

“The ogees bend too far awayTo give the flexures interplay.

“This it is causes my distress . . .So it will ever be unless

“New forms be found to supersedeThe circle when occasions need.

“To carry it out I have tried and toiled,And now perforce must own me foiled!

“Jeerers will say: ‘Here was a manWho could not end what he began!’”

The townsmen mustered all their witTo fathom how to compass it,

But no raw artistries availedWhere practice in the craft had failed . . .

Scattering the rushes of the floorHe wandered from the chamber door

And sought the sizing pile, whereonStruck dimly a cadaverous dawn

Through freezing rain, that drenched the boardOf diagram-lines he last had scored—

Chalked phantasies in vain begotTo knife the architectural knot—

In front of which he dully stood,Regarding them in hopeless mood.

He closelier looked; then looked again:The chalk-scratched draught-board faced the rain,

Whose icicled drops deformed the linesInnumerous of his lame designs,

So that they streamed in small white threadsFrom the upper segments to the heads

Of arcs below, uniting themEach by a stalactitic stem.

Then laughs aloud. The thing was doneSo long assayed from sun to sun . . .

And, turning, saw the abbot, whoThe weather’s whim was watching too.

Onward to Prime the abbot went,Tacit upon the incident.

Templates were cut, fresh lines were chalkedWhere lines had been defaced and balked,

And the work swelled and mounted higher,Achievement distancing desire;

Here jambs with transoms fixed between,Where never the like before had been—

There little mullions thinly sawnWhere meeting circles once were drawn.

“We knew,” men said, “the thing would goAfter his craft-wit got aglow,

“And, once fulfilled what he has designed,We’ll honour him and his great mind!”

When matters stood thus poised awhile,And all surroundings shed a smile,

The master-mason on an eveHomed to his wife and seemed to grieve . . .

“He knows the source as well as IOf the new style men magnify.

“He said: ‘You pride yourself too muchOn your creation. Is it such?

“‘Surely the hand of God it isThat conjured so, and only His!—

“‘Disclosing by the frost and rainForms your invention chased in vain;

“‘Hence the devices deemed so greatYou copied, and did not create.’

“I feel the abbot’s words are just,And that all thanks renounce I must.

“Can a man welcome praise and pelfFor hatching art that hatched itself? . . .

“So, I shall own the deft designIs Heaven’s outshaping, and not mine.”

“What!” said she. “Praise your works ensureTo throw away, and quite obscure

“Your beaming and beneficent star?Better you leave things as they are!

“Why, think awhile. Had not your zestIn your loved craft curtailed your rest—

“Had you not gone there ere the dayThe sun had melted all away!”

That not unaided sprang the thoughtWhereby the glorious fane was wrought,

But that by frost when dawn was dimThe method was disclosed to him.

“Yet,” said the townspeople thereat,“’Tis your own doing, even with that!”

But he—chafed, childlike, in extremes—The temperament of men of dreams—

Aloofly scrupled to admitThat he did aught but borrow it,

And diffidently made requestThat with the abbot all should rest.

The mason was at length believedOf no more count than he conceived,

And soon began to lose the fameThat late had gathered round his name . . .

And workmen died, and young ones grew,And the old mason sank from view

And Abbots Wygmore and Staunton wentAnd Horton sped the embellishment.

But not till years had far progressedChanced it that, one day, much impressed,

Standing within the well-graced aisle,He asked who first conceived the style;

And some decrepit sage detailedHow, when invention nought availed,

The cloud-cast waters in their whimCame down, and gave the hint to him

Who struck each arc, and made each mould;And how the abbot would not hold

As sole begetter him who appliedForms the Almighty sent as guide;

And how the master lost renown,And wore in death no artist’s crown.

Replied: “Nay; art can but transmute;Invention is not absolute;

“Things fail to spring from nought at call,And art-beginnings most of all.

“He did but what all artists do,Wait upon Nature for his cue.”

“The mason, now long underground,Doubtless a different fate had found.

“He passed into oblivion dim,And none knew what became of him!

“His name? ’Twas of some common kindAnd now has faded out of mind.”

The Abbot: “It shall not be hid!I’ll trace it.” . . . But he never did.

From Gloucester church it flew afar—The style called Perpendicular.—

To Winton and to WestminsterIt ranged, and grew still beautifuller:

From Solway Frith to Dover StrandIts fascinations starred the land,

Not only on cathedral wallsBut upon courts and castle halls,

Till every edifice in the isleWas patterned to no other style,

And till, long having played its part,The curtain fell on Gothic art.

And enter Gloucester: seek the quoinWhere choir and transept interjoin,

And, gazing at the forms there flungAgainst the sky by one unsung—

The ogee arches transom-topped,The tracery-stalks by spandrels stopped,

Petrified lacework—lightly linedOn ancient massiveness behind—

Muse that some minds so modest beAs to renounce fame’s fairest fee,

(Like him who crystallized on this spotHis visionings, but lies forgot,

And many a mediaeval oneWhose symmetries salute the sun)

While others boom a baseless claim,And upon nothing rear a name.

(To the Editor)

YES; your up-dated modern page—All flower-fresh, as it appears—Can claim a time-tried lineage,

That reaches backward fifty years(Which, if but short for sleepy squires,Is much in magazines’ careers).

—Here, on your cover, never tiresThe sower, reaper, thresher, whileAs through the seasons of our sires

Each wills to work in ancient styleWith seedlip, sickle, share and flail,Though modes have since moved many a mile!

The steel-roped plough now rips the vale,With cog and tooth the sheaves are won,Wired wheels drum out the wheat like hail;

But if we ask, what has been doneTo unify the mortal lotSince your bright leaves first saw the sun,

Beyond mechanic furtherance—whatAdvance can rightness, candour, claim?Truth bends abashed, and answers not.

Despite your volumes’ gentle aimTo straighten visions wry and wrong,Events jar onward much the same!

—Had custom tended to prolong,As on your golden page engrained,Old processes of blade and prong,

And best invention been retainedFor high crusades to lessen tearsThroughout the race, the world had gained! . . .But too much, this, for fifty years.

Words in this poem 81
exon n.
A native or inhabitant of Exeter, in England. [NL., from E. Exe (Celt. uisge water) the name of a river.]
forthwith adv.
Immediately; without delay; directly.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
glooming n.
Twilight (of morning or evening); the gloaming. [Cf. Gloaming.]
stonework n.
Work or wall consisting of stone; mason's work of stone.
ghostly a.
Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a ghostly confessor. [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. gastlic. See Ghost.]
witchery
Sorcery; enchantment; witchcraft.
astir adv.
Stirring; in a state of activity or motion; out of bed. [Pref. a- + stir.]
wrestler n.
One who wrestles; one who is skillful in wrestling. [AS. wræstlere.]
anon adv.
Straightway; at once. [OE. anoon, anon, anan, lit., in one (moment), fr. AS. on in + an one. See On and One.]
knocker n.
One who, or that which, knocks; specifically, an instrument, or kind of hammer, fastened to a door, to be used in seeking for admittance.
hourly a.
Happening or done every hour; occurring hour by hour; frequent; often repeated; renewed hour by hour; continual.
dogged a.
Sullen; morose. [Fron. Dog.]
dank n.
Moisture; humidity; water.
fleetly adv.
In a fleet manner; rapidly.
flitting n.
A flying with lightness and celerity; a fluttering.
bode n.
An omen; a foreshadowing.
gurgle v. i.
To run or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy current, as water from a bottle, or a small stream among pebbles or stones. [Cf. It. gorgogliare to gargle, bubble up, fr. L. gurgulio gullet. Cf. Gargle, Gorge.]
apace adv.
With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily. [Pref. a- + pace. OE. a pas at a walk, in which a is the article. See Pace.]
theretofore adv.
Up to that time; before then; -- correlative with heretofore.
magically adv.
In a magical manner; by magic, or as if by magic.
tracery n.
Ornamental work with rambled lines. Especially: -- (a) The decorative head of a Gothic window.
whereof adv.
Of which; of whom; formerly, also, with which; -- used relatively.
unaware a.
Not aware; not noticing; giving no heed; thoughtless; inattentive.
livelong a.
Whole; entire; long in passing; -- used of time, as day or night, in adverbial phrases, and usually with a sense of tediousness. [For lifelong. Cf. Lifelong.]
quoth v. t.
Said; spoke; uttered; -- used only in the first and third persons in the past tenses, and always followed by its nominative, the word or words said being the object; as, quoth I. quoth he. [AS.cweedhan, imp cwæedh, pl. cwædon; akin to OS. queedhan, OHG. quethan, quedan, Icel. kveedha, Goth. qiþan. sq. root22. Cf. Bequeath.]
interplay n.
Mutual action or influence; interaction; as, the interplay of affection.
supersede v. t.
To come, or be placed, in the room of; to replace. [L. supersedere, supersessum, to sit above, be superior to, forbear, omit; super above + sedere to sit: cf. F. superséder. See Sit, and cf. Surcease.]
perforce v. t.
To force; to compel.
craft n.
Strength; might; secret power. [AS. cr strength, skill, art, cunning; akin to OS., G., Sw., & Dan. kraft strength, D. kracht, Icel. kraptr; perh. originally, a drawing together, stretching, fr]
sizing n.
Act of covering or treating with size.
whereon adv.
On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live.
dimly adv.
In a dim or obscure manner; not brightly or clearly; with imperfect sight.
cadaverous a.
Having the appearance or color of a dead human body; pale; ghastly; as, a cadaverous look. [L. cadaverosus.]
dully adv.
In a dull manner; stupidly; slowly; sluggishly; without life or spirit.
icicled a.
Having icicles attached.
stalactitic a.
Of or pertaining to a stalactite; having the form or characters of a stalactite; stalactic. [Cf. F. stalactitique.]
aloud adv.
With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly. [Pref. a- + loud.]
tacit a.
Done or made in silence; implied, but not expressed; silent; as, tacit consent is consent by silence, or by not interposing an objection. [L. tacitus, p.p. of tacere to be silent, to pass over in silence; akin to Goth. to be silent, Icel. , OHG. dagen: cf. F. tacite. Cf. Reticent.]
aglow adv.
In a glow; glowing; as, cheeks aglow; the landscape all aglow. [Pref. a- + glow.]
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
awhile adv.
For a while; for some time; for a short time. [Adj. a + while time, interval.]
pelf n.
Money; riches; lucre; gain; -- generally conveying the idea of something ill-gotten or worthless. It has no plural. [OE. pelfir booty, OF. pelfre, akin to pelfrer to plunder, and perh. to E. pillage. Cf. Pilfer.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
deft a.
Apt; fit; dexterous; clever; handy; spruce; neat. [OE. daft, deft, becoming, mild, gentle, stupid (cf. OE. daffe, deffe, fool, coward), AS. dæft (in derivatives only) mild, gentle, fitting, seasonable; akin to d]
ensure v. t.
To make sure. See Insure.
zest n.
A piece of orange or lemon peel, or the aromatic oil which may be squeezed from such peel, used to give flavor to liquor, etc. [F. zeste, probably fr. L. schistos split, cleft, divided, Gr. Schism.]
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
fane n.
A temple; a place consecrated to religion; a church. [L. fanum a place dedicated to some deity, a sanctuary, fr. fari to speak. See Fame.]
townspeople n.
The inhabitants of a town or city, especially in distinction from country people; townsfolk.
thereat adv.
At that place; there.
childlike a.
Resembling a child, or that which belongs to children; becoming a child; meek; submissive; dutiful.
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
borrow v. t.
To receive from another as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning the identical article or its equivalent in kind; -- the opposite of lend. [OE. borwen, AS. borgian, fr. borg, borh, pledge; akin to D. borg, G. borg; prob. fr. root of AS. beorgan to protect. Borough.]
diffidently adv.
In a diffident manner.
graced a.
Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable.
decrepit a.
Broken down with age; wasted and enfeebled by the infirmities of old age; feeble; worn out. [L. decrepitus, perhaps orig., noised out, noiseless, applied to old people, who creep about quietly; de- + crepare to make a noise, rattle: cf. F. décrépit. See]
mould n.
Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of plants; soil. [OE. molde, AS. molde; akin to D. mul, G. mull, mulm, OHG. molt, molta, Icel. mold, Dan. muld, Sw. mull, Goth. mulda, and E. meal flour. See Meal, and cf. Mole a]
begetter n.
One who begets; a father.
transmute v. t.
To change from one nature, form, or substance, into another; to transform. [L. transmutare, transmutatum; trans across + mutare to change. See Mutable, and cf. Transmew.]
doubtless a.
Free from fear or suspicion.
oblivion n.
The act of forgetting, or the state of being forgotten; cessation of remembrance; forgetfulness. [L. oblivio, akin to oblivisci to forget: cf. OF. oblivion.]
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
frith n.
A forest; a woody place. Drayton. [OE. frith peace, protection, land inclosed for hunting, park, forest, AS. fri peace; akin to freno peace, protection, asylum, G. friede peace, Icel. fri, and fr]
starred a.
Adorned or studded with stars; bespangled. [From Star.]
isle v. t.
To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island.
quoin n.
Originally, a solid exterior angle, as of a building; now, commonly, one of the selected pieces of material by which the corner is marked. [See Coin, and cf. Coigne.]
interjoin v. t.
To join mutually; to unite. [Pref. inter + join.]
ogee n.
A molding, the section of which is the form of the letter S, with the convex part above; cyma reversa. See Illust. under Cyma. [F. ogive, augive, LL. augiva, of uncertain origin; cf.LL. ogis a support, prop. L. augere to increase, strengthen, Sp. auge highest point of power or fortune, a]
massiveness n.
The state or quality of being massive; massiness.
mediaeval a.
Of or relating to the Middle Ages; as, mediæval architecture. [L. medius middle + aevum age. See Middle, and Age.]
baseless a.
Without a base; having no foundation or support.
sower n.
One who, or that which, sows.
thresher n.
One who, or that which, thrashes grain; a thrashing machine.
seedlip n.
A vessel in which a sower carries the seed to be scattered. [AS. s; s seed + leáp basket.]
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
unify v. t.
To cause to be one; to make into a unit; to unite; to view as one. [Uni- + -fy: cf. F. unifier.]
furtherance n.
The act of furthering or helping forward; promotion; advancement; progress.
rightness n.
Straightness; as, the rightness of a line. [AS. richtnes.]
candour n.
Whiteness; brightness; (as applied to moral conditions) usullied purity; innocence. [L. candor, fr. candëre; cf. F. candeur. See candid.]
prong n.
A sharp-pointed instrument. [Cf. D. prangen to pinch, press, LG. prange a stick, or W. procio to thrust, E. prowl, pang.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part II is in the public domain. This text is taken from Satires of Circumstance, Lyrics and Reveries, with Miscellaneous Pieces, Project Gutenberg ebook #2863; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Thomas Hardy, Part II, in Satires of Circumstance, Lyrics and Reveries (1914), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #2863, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/hardy-satires/part-ii.html, id L24095.

Form and metre

Part II is 309 lines in 117 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 63% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%).

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 A-ABCCCB mineA · tor · mineA · wayB · nightC · sightC · brightC · grayB
  2. 2 A-AB-CCB soundA · moor · aroundA · prevailedB · were · bearC · careC · jailedB
  3. 3 A-ABCCCB chimedA · tor · climbedA · trackedB · knightC · whiteC · lightC · actB
  4. 4 A-ABCCCB wellA · shore · wellA · barsB · chestC · bestC · requestC · starsB
  5. 5 A-ABC-CB skyA · moor · skyA · diedB · seeC · silently · meC · criedB
  6. 6 A-ABCCCB herA · tor · astirA · bearB · beganC · manC · vanC · fairB
  7. 7 A-ABCCCB sakeA · moor · sakeA · inB · greenC · seenC · cleanC · withinB
  8. 8 A-ABCCCB himA · tor · himA · saidB · twoC · trueC · whoC · deadB
  9. 9 A-A-BBB- hateA · moor · fateA · pitilessly · plankB · bankB · dankB · be
  10. 10 ABABCCCB behindA · torB · behindA · boreB · eyeC · awryC · cryC · moreB
  11. 11 A-ABCCCB knewA · moor · undueA · crimeB · dreamC · streamC · screamC · timeB
  12. 13 AA apaceA · graceA
  13. 14 AA dateA · stateA
  14. 15 AA wallA · tallA
  15. 16 AA coreA · theretoforeA
  16. 17 AA oldA · manifoldA
  17. 19 AA payA · dayA
  18. 20 AA partA · artA
  19. 21 AA inspiredA · inquiredA
  20. 22 AA handA · plannedA
  21. 23 AA hardA · scarredA
  22. 24 AA careA · unawareA
  23. 25 AA wentA · discontentA
  24. 26 AA dayA · awayA
  25. 27 AA whyA · dieA
  26. 28 AA tornA · outwornA
  27. 29 AA servesA · curvesA
  28. 30 AA awayA · interplayA
  29. 31 AA distressA · unlessA
  30. 32 AA supersedeA · needA
  31. 33 AA toiledA · foiledA
  32. 34 AA manA · beganA
  33. 35 AA witA · itA
  34. 36 AA availedA · failedA
  35. 37 AA floorA · doorA
  36. 38 AA whereonA · dawnA
  37. 39 AA boardA · scoredA
  38. 42 AA againA · rainA
  39. 43 AA linesA · designsA
  40. 44 AA threadsA · headsA
  41. 45 AA themA · stemA
  42. 46 AA doneA · sunA
  43. 47 AA whoA · tooA
  44. 48 AA wentA · incidentA
  45. 49 AA chalkedA · balkedA
  46. 50 AA higherA · desireA
  47. 52 AA sawnA · drawnA
  48. 53 AA goA · aglowA
  49. 54 AA designedA · mindA
  50. 55 AA awhileA · smileA
  51. 56 AA eveA · grieveA
  52. 57 AA iA · magnifyA
  53. 58 AA muchA · suchA
  54. 59 AA isA · hisA
  55. 60 AA rainA · vainA
  56. 61 AA greatA · createA
  57. 62 AA justA · mustA
  58. 63 AA pelfA · itselfA
  59. 64 AA designA · mineA
  60. 65 AA ensureA · obscureA
  61. 66 AA starA · areA
  62. 67 AA zestA · restA
  63. 68 AA dayA · awayA
  64. 69 AA thoughtA · wroughtA
  65. 70 AA dimA · himA
  66. 72 AA extremesA · dreamsA
  67. 73 AA admitA · itA
  68. 74 AA requestA · restA
  69. 75 AA believedA · conceivedA
  70. 76 AA fameA · nameA
  71. 77 AA grewA · viewA
  72. 78 AA wentA · embellishmentA
  73. 79 AA progressedA · impressedA
  74. 80 AA aisleA · styleA
  75. 81 AA detailedA · availedA
  76. 82 AA whimA · himA
  77. 83 AA mouldA · holdA
  78. 84 AA appliedA · guideA
  79. 85 AA renownA · crownA
  80. 86 AA transmuteA · absoluteA
  81. 87 AA callA · allA
  82. 88 AA doA · cueA
  83. 89 AA undergroundA · foundA
  84. 90 AA dimA · himA
  85. 91 AA kindA · mindA
  86. 92 AA hidA · didA
  87. 95 AA strandA · landA
  88. 96 AA wallsA · hallsA
  89. 97 AA isleA · styleA
  90. 98 AA partA · artA
  91. 99 AA quoinA · interjoinA
  92. 100 AA flungA · unsungA
  93. 101 AA toppedA · stoppedA
  94. 102 AA linedA · behindA
  95. 103 AA beA · feeA
  96. 104 AA spotA · forgotA
  97. 105 AA oneA · sunA
  98. 106 AA claimA · nameA
  99. 108 A-A pageA · appears · lineageA
  100. 109 A-A yearsA · squires · careersA
  101. 111 A-A styleA · flail · mileA
  102. 112 A-A valeA · won · hailA
  103. 113 A-A doneA · lot · sunA
  104. 115 A-A aimA · wrong · sameA
  105. 116 A-A prolongA · engrained · prongA
  106. 117 ABAB retainedA · tearsB · gainedA · yearsB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Thus did he speak—this brother of mine—9·····/˘··
On Exon Wild by Dunkery Tor,9··/······
Born at my birth of mother of mine,9·····/˘··
And forthwith went his way6·//···
To dare the deed some coming night . . .8·····/˘·
I kept the watch with shaking sight,8·····/˘·
The moon at moments breaking bright,8···/˘/˘·
At others glooming gray.6·/˘/˘·
For three full days I heard no sound8········
Where Dunkery frowns on Exon Moor,9·······/·
I heard no sound at all around8········
Whether his fay prevailed,7····˘/˘
Or one malign the master were,8··˘/·/˘·
Till some afoot did tidings bear8··˘/·/˘·
How that, for all his practised care,8········
He had been caught and jailed.7······˘
They had heard a crash when twelve had chimed9·········
By Mendip east of Dunkery Tor,9·········
When twelve had chimed and moonlight climbed;8·····/··
They watched, and he was tracked8··˘····˘
By arch and aisle and saint and knight8········
Of sculptured stonework sheeted white8·/˘/˘/˘·
In the cathedral’s ghostly light,8··˘/˘/˘·
And captured in the act.7·/˘˘···
Yes; for this Love he loved too well8········
Where Dunkery sights the Severn shore,9······/˘·
All for this Love he loved too well8········
He burst the holy bars,6···/˘·
Seized golden vessels from the chest8·/˘/˘···
To buy her ornaments of the best,8···/˘···
At her ill-witchery’s request8······˘/
And lure of eyes like stars . . .6······
When blustering March confused the sky8·/˘·˘/··
In Toneborough Town by Exon Moor,10········/·
When blustering March confused the sky8·/˘·˘/··
They stretched him; and he died.7··˘····
Down in the crowd where I, to see8········
The end of him, stood silently,8·····/˘˘
With a set face he lipped to me—8········
“Remember.” “Ay!” I cried.6˘/˘···
By night and day I shadowed her8·····/˘·
From Toneborough Deane to Dunkery Tor,11···········
I shadowed her asleep, astir,8·/˘·˘/˘/
And yet I could not bear—6······
Till Wrestler Joe anon began8·/˘·˘/˘/
To figure as her chosen man,8·/˘··/˘·
And took her to his shining van—8·····/˘·
To doom a form so fair!6······
He made it handsome for her sake—8···/˘···
And Dunkery smiled to Exon Moor—9·······/·
He made it handsome for her sake,8···/˘···
Painting it out and in;6/˘····
And on the door of apple-green8·····/˘·
A bright brass knocker soon was seen,8···/˘···
And window-curtains white and clean8·/˘/˘···
For her to sit within.6······
And all could see she clave to him8········
As cleaves a cloud to Dunkery Tor,9·········
Yea, all could see she clave to him,8········
And every day I said,7·/˘˘···
“A pity it seems to part those two9·/˘······
That hourly grow to love more true:8·/˘·····
Yet she’s the wanton woman who8···/˘/˘·
Sent one to swing till dead!”6······
That blew to blazing all my hate,8···/˘···
While Dunkery frowned on Exon Moor,9·······/·
And when the river swelled, her fate8···/˘···
Came to her pitilessly . . .7·······
I dogged her, crying: “Across that plank9···/˘˘/··
They use as bridge to reach yon bank8········
A coat and hat lie limp and dank;8········
Your goodman’s, can they be?”6·/····
She paled, and went, I close behind—8········
And Exon frowned to Dunkery Tor,9··/······
She went, and I came up behind8········
And tipped the plank that bore7··˘····
Her, fleetly flitting across to eye9·/˘/˘˘/··
What such might bode. She slid awry;8······˘/
And from the current came a cry,8···/˘···
A gurgle; and no more.6·/˘···
How that befell no mortal knew8··˘/·/˘·
From Marlbury Downs to Exon Moor;9·······/·
No mortal knew that deed undue8·/˘···˘/
But he who schemed the crime,7····˘··
Which night still covers . . . But in dream8···/˘···
Those ropes of hair upon the stream8········
He sees, and he will hear that scream8········
Until his judgment-time.6···/˘·
(Inventor of the “Perpendicular” Style of Gothic Architecture)17˘/˘···˘/˘··/˘/˘·˘
THE new-vamped Abbey shaped apace8···/˘·˘/
In the fourteenth century of grace;8··///˘··
(The church which, at an after date,8········
Acquired cathedral rank and state.)8˘/˘/˘···
Panel and circumscribing wall8/˘··˘/˘·
Of latest feature, trim and tall,8·/˘/˘···
Rose roundabout the Norman core8·/˘··/˘·
In prouder pose than theretofore,8·/······
Encasing magically the old8˘/˘/˘˘··
With parpend ashlars manifold.8·····/˘·
The trowels rang out, and tracery8·/˘···/˘
Appeared where blanks had used to be.8˘/······
Men toiled for pleasure more than pay,8···/˘···
And all went smoothly day by day,8···/˘···
Till, in due course, the transept part8·····/˘·
Engrossed the master-mason’s art.8˘/·/˘/˘·
“What fearful visions have inspired9·/˘/˘·˘/˘
These gaingivings?” his wife inquired;9······˘/˘
“As if your tools were in your hand8········
You have hammered, fitted, muttered, planned;9··/˘/˘/˘·
“You have thumped as you were working hard:9······/˘·
I might have found me bruised and scarred.8········
“What then’s amiss. What eating care8··˘/·/˘·
Looms nigh, whereof I am unaware?”9·······˘/
He answered not, but churchward went,8·/˘·····
Viewing his draughts with discontent;8/˘···˘˘/
And fumbled there the livelong day8·/˘··/˘·
Till, hollow-eyed, he came away.8·/˘···˘/
Quoth Abbot Wygmore: “Why, O why8·/˘·····
Distress yourself? You’ll surely die!”8˘/˘/·/˘·
The mason answered, trouble-torn,8·/˘/˘/˘·
“This long-vogued style is quite outworn!8········
“The upper archmould nohow serves8·/˘·····
To meet the lower tracery curves:8···/˘/˘·
“The ogees bend too far away7·····˘/
To give the flexures interplay.8·····/˘·
“This it is causes my distress . . .8···/˘·˘/
So it will ever be unless8···/˘···
“New forms be found to supersede8······˘/
The circle when occasions need.8·/˘·˘/˘·
“To carry it out I have tried and toiled,10·/˘·······
And now perforce must own me foiled!8··˘/····
“Jeerers will say: ‘Here was a man8········
Who could not end what he began!’”8······˘/
The townsmen mustered all their wit8···/˘···
To fathom how to compass it,8·/˘··/˘·
But no raw artistries availed8···/˘˘˘/
Where practice in the craft had failed . . .8·/˘·····
Scattering the rushes of the floor8/˘·/˘···
He wandered from the chamber door8·/˘··/˘·
And sought the sizing pile, whereon8···/˘·˘/
Struck dimly a cadaverous dawn9·/˘·˘/˘˘·
Through freezing rain, that drenched the board8·/˘·····
Of diagram-lines he last had scored—9·/˘······
Chalked phantasies in vain begot8·˘····˘/
To knife the architectural knot—8····˘/˘·
In front of which he dully stood,8·····/˘·
Regarding them in hopeless mood.8˘/˘··/˘·
He closelier looked; then looked again:9·······˘/
The chalk-scratched draught-board faced the rain,8········
Whose icicled drops deformed the lines8·/˘·˘/··
Innumerous of his lame designs,9˘/˘˘···˘/
So that they streamed in small white threads8········
From the upper segments to the heads9··/˘/˘···
Of arcs below, uniting them8····˘/˘·
Each by a stalactitic stem.8········
Then laughs aloud. The thing was done8··˘/····
So long assayed from sun to sun . . .8··/˘····
And, turning, saw the abbot, who8·/˘··/˘·
The weather’s whim was watching too.8·/˘··/˘·
Onward to Prime the abbot went,8/˘···/˘·
Tacit upon the incident.8/˘···/˘˘
Templates were cut, fresh lines were chalked8/˘······
Where lines had been defaced and balked,8····˘/··
And the work swelled and mounted higher,9·····/˘/˘
Achievement distancing desire;9˘/˘/˘˘˘/˘
Here jambs with transoms fixed between,8···/˘···
Where never the like before had been—8·/······
There little mullions thinly sawn8·/˘··/˘·
Where meeting circles once were drawn.8·/˘/˘···
“We knew,” men said, “the thing would go8········
After his craft-wit got aglow,8······˘/
“And, once fulfilled what he has designed,9··˘/···˘/
We’ll honour him and his great mind!”8·/˘·····
When matters stood thus poised awhile,8·/˘···˘/
And all surroundings shed a smile,8··˘/˘···
The master-mason on an eve8·/˘/˘···
Homed to his wife and seemed to grieve . . .8········
“He knows the source as well as I8········
Of the new style men magnify.8·····/˘·
“He said: ‘You pride yourself too much8····˘/··
On your creation. Is it such?8··˘/˘···
“‘Surely the hand of God it is8/˘······
That conjured so, and only His!—8·/˘··/˘·
“‘Disclosing by the frost and rain8˘/˘·····
Forms your invention chased in vain;8··˘/˘···
“‘Hence the devices deemed so great8··˘/˘···
You copied, and did not create.’8·/˘···˘/
“I feel the abbot’s words are just,8···/˘···
And that all thanks renounce I must.8····˘/··
“Can a man welcome praise and pelf8···/˘···
For hatching art that hatched itself? . . .8·/˘···˘/
“So, I shall own the deft design8······˘/
Is Heaven’s outshaping, and not mine.”9·/˘······
“What!” said she. “Praise your works ensure8······˘/
To throw away, and quite obscure8··˘/··˘/
“Your beaming and beneficent star?9·/˘··˘/˘·
Better you leave things as they are!8/˘······
“Why, think awhile. Had not your zest8··˘/····
In your loved craft curtailed your rest—8····˘/··
“Had you not gone there ere the day8········
The sun had melted all away!”8···/˘·˘/
That not unaided sprang the thought8··˘/˘···
Whereby the glorious fane was wrought,8···/˘···
But that by frost when dawn was dim8········
The method was disclosed to him.8·/˘·˘/··
“Yet,” said the townspeople thereat,8···/·˘˘/
“’Tis your own doing, even with that!”8···//˘··
But he—chafed, childlike, in extremes—8···/··˘/
The temperament of men of dreams—8·/˘˘····
Aloofly scrupled to admit8···/˘·˘/
That he did aught but borrow it,8·····/··
And diffidently made request8·/˘˘˘·˘/
That with the abbot all should rest.8···/˘···
The mason was at length believed8·/˘···˘/
Of no more count than he conceived,8······˘/
And soon began to lose the fame8··˘/····
That late had gathered round his name . . .8···/˘···
And workmen died, and young ones grew,8·/˘·····
And the old mason sank from view8···/˘···
And Abbots Wygmore and Staunton went9·/˘···/˘·
And Horton sped the embellishment.9·/˘··˘/˘˘
But not till years had far progressed8······˘/
Chanced it that, one day, much impressed,8······˘/
Standing within the well-graced aisle,8/˘······
He asked who first conceived the style;8····˘/··
And some decrepit sage detailed8··˘/˘·˘/
How, when invention nought availed,8··˘/˘·˘/
The cloud-cast waters in their whim8···/˘···
Came down, and gave the hint to him8········
Who struck each arc, and made each mould;8········
And how the abbot would not hold8···/˘···
As sole begetter him who applied9··˘/˘··˘/
Forms the Almighty sent as guide;8··˘/˘···
And how the master lost renown,8···/˘·˘/
And wore in death no artist’s crown.8·····/˘·
Replied: “Nay; art can but transmute;8˘/····˘/
Invention is not absolute;8˘/˘··/˘·
“Things fail to spring from nought at call,8········
And art-beginnings most of all.8··˘/˘···
“He did but what all artists do,8·····/˘·
Wait upon Nature for his cue.”8···/˘···
“The mason, now long underground,8·/˘··/˘·
Doubtless a different fate had found.8/˘·/˘···
“He passed into oblivion dim,8····˘/˘·
And none knew what became of him!8····˘/··
“His name? ’Twas of some common kind8·····/˘·
And now has faded out of mind.”8···/˘···
The Abbot: “It shall not be hid!8·/˘·····
I’ll trace it.” . . . But he never did.8·····/˘·
From Gloucester church it flew afar—8·/˘···˘/
The style called Perpendicular.—8····˘/˘˘
To Winton and to Westminster8·/˘···/˘
It ranged, and grew still beautifuller:9·········
From Solway Frith to Dover Strand8·····/˘·
Its fascinations starred the land,8··˘/˘···
Not only on cathedral walls8·/˘·˘/˘·
But upon courts and castle halls,8·····/˘·
Till every edifice in the isle8·/˘/˘···
Was patterned to no other style,8·/˘··/˘·
And till, long having played its part,8···/˘···
The curtain fell on Gothic art.8·/˘··/˘·
And enter Gloucester: seek the quoin8·/˘/˘···
Where choir and transept interjoin,8·/·/˘···
And, gazing at the forms there flung8·/˘·····
Against the sky by one unsung—8······˘/
The ogee arches transom-topped,8·˘//˘/˘·
The tracery-stalks by spandrels stopped,8·/˘·····
Petrified lacework—lightly lined9/˘····/˘·
On ancient massiveness behind—8·/˘/˘˘··
Muse that some minds so modest be8·····/˘·
As to renounce fame’s fairest fee,8··˘/·/˘·
(Like him who crystallized on this spot9···/˘····
His visionings, but lies forgot,8······˘/
And many a mediaeval one8·/˘·····
Whose symmetries salute the sun)8·/˘˘˘/··
While others boom a baseless claim,8·/˘··/˘·
And upon nothing rear a name.8···/˘···
(To the Editor)5··/˘˘
YES; your up-dated modern page—8···/˘/˘·
All flower-fresh, as it appears—8·/˘···˘/
Can claim a time-tried lineage,8·····/˘˘
That reaches backward fifty years8·/˘/˘/˘·
(Which, if but short for sleepy squires,9·····/˘/˘
Is much in magazines’ careers).8···/˘·˘/
—Here, on your cover, never tires9···/˘/˘/˘
The sower, reaper, thresher, while8·/˘/˘/˘·
As through the seasons of our sires8···/˘·/·
Each wills to work in ancient style8·····/˘·
With seedlip, sickle, share and flail,8···/˘···
Though modes have since moved many a mile!8·····/··
The steel-roped plough now rips the vale,8········
With cog and tooth the sheaves are won,8········
Wired wheels drum out the wheat like hail;8/·······
But if we ask, what has been done8········
To unify the mortal lot8·/˘··/˘·
Since your bright leaves first saw the sun,8········
Beyond mechanic furtherance—what8··˘/˘/˘·
Advance can rightness, candour, claim?8˘/·/˘/˘·
Truth bends abashed, and answers not.8··˘/·/˘·
Despite your volumes’ gentle aim8˘/·/˘/˘·
To straighten visions wry and wrong,8·/˘/˘···
Events jar onward much the same!8˘/·/˘···
—Had custom tended to prolong,8·/˘/˘·˘/
As on your golden page engrained,8···/˘···
Old processes of blade and prong,8·/˘˘····
And best invention been retained8··˘/˘·˘/
For high crusades to lessen tears8··˘/·/˘·
Throughout the race, the world had gained! . . .8········
But too much, this, for fifty years.8·····/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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