Tempora Mutantur

W. S. Gilbert (1836–1911) · 1869

trochaic tetrameter · ABAAAB · 53 lines · from The Bab Ballads

LETTERS, letters, letters, letters!Some that please and some that bore,Some that threaten prison fetters(Metaphorically, fettersSuch as bind insolvent debtors)—Invitations by the score.

One from COGSON, WILES, and RAILER,My attorneys, off the Strand;One from COPPERBLOCK, my tailor—My unreasonable tailor—One in FLAGG’S disgusting hand.

One from EPHRAIM and MOSES,Wanting coin without a doubt,I should like to pull their noses—Their uncompromising noses;One from ALICE with the roses—Ah, I know what that’s about!

Time was when I waited, waitedFor the missives that she wrote,Humble postmen execrated—Loudly, deeply execrated—When I heard I wasn’t fatedTo be gladdened with a note!

Time was when I’d not have barteredOf her little pen a dipFor a peerage duly gartered—For a peerage starred and gartered—With a palace-office chartered,Or a Secretaryship.

But the time for that is over,And I wish we’d never met.I’m afraid I’ve proved a rover—I’m afraid a heartless rover—Quarters in a place like DoverTend to make a man forget.

Bills for carriages and horses,Bills for wine and light cigar,Matters that concern the Forces—News that may affect the Forces—News affecting my resources,Much more interesting are!

And the tiny little paper,With the words that seem to runFrom her little fingers taper(They are very small and taper),By the tailor and the draperAre in interest outdone.

And unopened it’s remaining!I can read her gentle hope—Her entreaties, uncomplaining(She was always uncomplaining),Her devotion never waning—Through the little envelope!

Words in this poem

railer n.
One who rails; one who scoffs, insults, censures, or reproaches with opprobrious language.
ephraim n.
A hunter's name for the grizzly bear. [The proper name.]
uncompromising a.
Not admitting of compromise; making no truce or concessions; obstinate; unyielding; inflexible.
wrote v. i.
To root with the snout. See 1st Root. [OE. wroten. See 1st Root.]
peerage n.
The rank or dignity of a peer. Blackstone. [See Peer an equal, and cf. Parage.]
starred a.
Adorned or studded with stars; bespangled. [From Star.]
chartered a.
Granted or established by charter; having, or existing under, a charter; having a privilege by charter.
secretaryship n.
The office, or the term of office, of a secretary.
rover n.
One who practices robbery on the seas; a pirate. [D. roover a robber. See Rove, v. i.]
heartless a.
Without a heart.
draper n.
One who sells cloths; a dealer in cloths; as, a draper and tailor. [F. drapier.]
waning n.
The act or process of waning, or decreasing.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Tempora Mutantur is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Bab Ballads, Project Gutenberg ebook #931; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: W. S. Gilbert, Tempora Mutantur, in The Bab Ballads (1869), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #931, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/gilbert-bab-ballads/tempora-mutantur.html, id L02394.

Form and metre

Tempora Mutantur is 53 lines in 9 stanzas. The rhyme scheme is ABAAAB, complete in 5 of its 9 stanzas. The metre is trochaic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.6 syllables. 31 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 21% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in trochaic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABAAAB lettersA · boreB · fettersA · fettersA · debtorsA · scoreB
  2. 2 ABAAB railerA · strandB · tailorA · tailorA · handB
  3. 3 -ABBBA moses · doubtA · nosesB · nosesB · rosesB · aboutA
  4. 4 ABAA-B waitedA · wroteB · execratedA · execratedA · fated · noteB
  5. 5 ABAAAB barteredA · dipB · garteredA · garteredA · charteredA · secretaryshipB
  6. 6 ABAAAB overA · metB · roverA · roverA · doverA · forgetB
  7. 7 ABAA-B horsesA · cigarB · forcesA · forcesA · resources · areB
  8. 8 ABAAAB paperA · runB · taperA · taperA · draperA · outdoneB
  9. 9 ABAAAB remainingA · hopeB · uncomplainingA · uncomplainingA · waningA · envelopeB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
LETTERS, letters, letters, letters!8/˘/˘/˘/˘
Some that please and some that bore,7·······
Some that threaten prison fetters8··/˘/˘/˘
(Metaphorically, fetters7·˘/˘˘/˘
Such as bind insolvent debtors)—8···˘/˘/˘
Invitations by the score.7·˘/˘···
One from COGSON, WILES, and RAILER,8······/˘
My attorneys, off the Strand;7·˘/˘···
One from COPPERBLOCK, my tailor—8······/˘
My unreasonable tailor—7·˘/˘˘/˘
One in FLAGG’S disgusting hand.7···˘/˘·
One from EPHRAIM and MOSES,7··/˘·/˘
Wanting coin without a doubt,7/˘·····
I should like to pull their noses—8······/˘
Their uncompromising noses;8·˘/˘˘˘/˘
One from ALICE with the roses—8··/˘··/˘
Ah, I know what that’s about!7·······
Time was when I waited, waited8····/˘/˘
For the missives that she wrote,7··/˘···
Humble postmen execrated—8/˘······
Loudly, deeply execrated—8/˘/˘····
When I heard I wasn’t fated8····/˘/˘
To be gladdened with a note!8··/˘˘···
Time was when I’d not have bartered8······/˘
Of her little pen a dip7··/˘···
For a peerage duly gartered—8··/˘/˘/˘
For a peerage starred and gartered—8··/˘··/˘
With a palace-office chartered,8··/˘/˘/˘
Or a Secretaryship.7··/˘˘˘˘
But the time for that is over,8········
And I wish we’d never met.7····/˘·
I’m afraid I’ve proved a rover—8·˘/···/˘
I’m afraid a heartless rover—8·˘/·/˘/˘
Quarters in a place like Dover8/˘····/˘
Tend to make a man forget.7·····˘/
Bills for carriages and horses,8··/˘˘·/˘
Bills for wine and light cigar,7·····˘/
Matters that concern the Forces—8/˘·˘/·/˘
News that may affect the Forces—8···˘/·/˘
News affecting my resources,8·˘/˘·/˘˘
Much more interesting are!6··/˘˘·
And the tiny little paper,8··/˘/˘/˘
With the words that seem to run7·······
From her little fingers taper8··/˘/˘/˘
(They are very small and taper),8··/˘··/˘
By the tailor and the draper8··/˘··/˘
Are in interest outdone.6··/˘//
And unopened it’s remaining!8·˘/˘·˘/˘
I can read her gentle hope—7····/˘·
Her entreaties, uncomplaining8·˘/˘····
(She was always uncomplaining),8··/·····
Her devotion never waning—8·˘/˘/˘/˘
Through the little envelope!7··/˘/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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