The Census-Taker

Robert Frost (1874–1963) · 1923

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 64 lines · from New Hampshire

I came an errand one cloud-blowing eveningTo a slab-built, black-paper-covered houseOf one room and one window and one door,The only dwelling in a waste cut overA hundred square miles round it in the mountains:And that not dwelt in now by men or women(It never had been dwelt in, though, by women,So what is this I make a sorrow of?)I came as census-taker to the wasteTo count the people in it and found none,None in the hundred miles, none in the house,Where I came last with some hope, but not muchAfter hours' overlooking from the cliffsAn emptiness flayed to the very stone.I found no people that dared show themselves,None not in hiding from the outward eye.The time was autumn, but how anyoneCould tell the time of year when every treeThat could have dropped a leaf was down itselfAnd nothing but the stump of it was leftNow bringing out its rings in sugar of pitch;And every tree up stood a rotting trunkWithout a single leaf to spend on autumn,Or branch to whistle after what was spent.Perhaps the wind the more without the helpOf breathing trees said something of the timeOf year or day the way it swung a doorForever off the latch, as if rude menPassed in and slammed it shut each one behind himFor the next one to open for himself.I counted nine I had no right to count(But this was dreamy unofficial counting)Before I made the tenth across the threshold.Where was my supper? Where was anyone's?No lamp was lit. Nothing was on the table.The stove was cold--the stove was off the chimney--And down by one side where it lacked a leg.The people that had loudly passed the doorWere people to the ear but not the eye.They were not on the table with their elbows.They were not sleeping in the shelves of bunks.I saw no men there and no bones of men there.I armed myself against such bones as might beWith the pitch-blackened stub of an axe-handleI picked up off the straw-dust covered floor.Not bones, but the ill-fitted window rattled.The door was still because I held it shutWhile I thought what to do that could be done--About the house--about the people not there.This house in one year fallen to decayFilled me with no less sorrow than the housesFallen to ruin in ten thousand yearsWhere Asia wedges Africa from Europe.Nothing was left to do that I could seeUnless to find that there was no one thereAnd declare to the cliffs too far for echo"The place is desert and let whoso lurksIn silence, if in this he is aggrieved,Break silence now or be forever silent.Let him say why it should not be declared so."The melancholy of having to count soulsWhere they grow fewer and fewer every yearIs extreme where they shrink to none at all.It must be I want life to go on living.

Words in this poem

anyone n.
One taken at random rather than by selection; anybody.
latch v. t.
To smear; to anoint. [Cf. F. lécher to lick (of German origin). Cf. Lick.]
dreamy a.
Abounding in dreams or given to dreaming; appropriate to, or like, dreams; visionary.
chimney n.
A fireplace or hearth. Sir W. Raleigh.
stub n.
The stump of a tree; that part of a tree or plant which remains fixed in the earth when the stem is cut down; -- applied especially to the stump of a small tree, or shrub.
whoso pron.
Whosoever. Piers Plowman.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Census-Taker is in the public domain. This text is taken from New Hampshire, A Poem; with Notes and Grace Notes, Project Gutenberg ebook #58611; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Robert Frost, The Census-Taker, in New Hampshire (1923), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #58611, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/frost-new-hampshire/the-census-taker.html, id L02675.

Form and metre

The Census-Taker is 64 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.4 syllables. 15 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 48% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -----AA--A-----B-B----C--C------------D---D--------------------- evening · house · door · over · mountains · womenA · womenA · of · waste · noneA · house · much · cliffs · stone · themselves · eyeB · anyone · treeB · itself · left · pitch · trunk · autumnC · spent · help · timeC · door · men · him · himself · count · counting · threshold · anyone's · table · chimney · leg · door · eyeD · elbows · bunks · there · beD · handle · floor · rattled · shut · done · there · decay · houses · years · europe · see · there · echo · lurks · aggrieved · silent · so · souls · year · all · living
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
I came an errand one cloud-blowing evening11···/˘··/˘/˘
To a slab-built, black-paper-covered house10·····/˘/˘·
Of one room and one window and one door,10·····/˘···
The only dwelling in a waste cut over10·/˘/˘·····
A hundred square miles round it in the mountains:11·/˘······/˘
And that not dwelt in now by men or women11·········/˘
(It never had been dwelt in, though, by women,11·/˘······/˘
So what is this I make a sorrow of?)10·······/˘·
I came as census-taker to the waste10···/˘/˘···
To count the people in it and found none,10···/˘·····
None in the hundred miles, none in the house,10···/˘·····
Where I came last with some hope, but not much10··········
After hours' overlooking from the cliffs10···/˘·˘···
An emptiness flayed to the very stone.10·/˘˘···/˘·
I found no people that dared show themselves,10···/˘···˘/
None not in hiding from the outward eye.10···/˘··/˘·
The time was autumn, but how anyone10···/˘··/˘·
Could tell the time of year when every tree10·······/˘·
That could have dropped a leaf was down itself10········˘/
And nothing but the stump of it was left10·/˘·······
Now bringing out its rings in sugar of pitch;11·/˘····/˘··
And every tree up stood a rotting trunk10·/˘····/˘·
Without a single leaf to spend on autumn,11···/˘····/˘
Or branch to whistle after what was spent.10···/˘·····
Perhaps the wind the more without the help10˘/········
Of breathing trees said something of the time10·/˘··/˘···
Of year or day the way it swung a door10··········
Forever off the latch, as if rude men10˘/˘·······
Passed in and slammed it shut each one behind him11···········
For the next one to open for himself.10·····/˘·˘/
I counted nine I had no right to count10·/˘·······
(But this was dreamy unofficial counting)11···/˘·˘/˘/˘
Before I made the tenth across the threshold.11······˘/·/·
Where was my supper? Where was anyone's?10···/˘··/˘·
No lamp was lit. Nothing was on the table.11····/˘···/˘
The stove was cold--the stove was off the chimney--11·········/˘
And down by one side where it lacked a leg.10··········
The people that had loudly passed the door10·/˘··/˘···
Were people to the ear but not the eye.10·/˘·······
They were not on the table with their elbows.11·····/˘··/·
They were not sleeping in the shelves of bunks.10···/˘·····
I saw no men there and no bones of men there.11···········
I armed myself against such bones as might be11···/·······
With the pitch-blackened stub of an axe-handle11···/˘····/˘
I picked up off the straw-dust covered floor.10·······/˘·
Not bones, but the ill-fitted window rattled.11·····/˘/˘/˘
The door was still because I held it shut10··········
While I thought what to do that could be done--10··········
About the house--about the people not there.11·······/˘··
This house in one year fallen to decay10·····/˘·˘/
Filled me with no less sorrow than the houses11·····/˘··/˘
Fallen to ruin in ten thousand years10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Where Asia wedges Africa from Europe.11·/˘/˘/˘˘·/˘
Nothing was left to do that I could see10/˘········
Unless to find that there was no one there10··········
And declare to the cliffs too far for echo11·˘/······/˘
"The place is desert and let whoso lurks10···/˘··/˘·
In silence, if in this he is aggrieved,10·/˘·····˘/
Break silence now or be forever silent.11·/˘···˘/˘/˘
Let him say why it should not be declared so."11········˘/·
The melancholy of having to count souls11·/˘·˘·/˘···
Where they grow fewer and fewer every year11···/˘·/˘/˘·
Is extreme where they shrink to none at all.10·˘/·······
It must be I want life to go on living.11·········/˘

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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