Woodnotes I

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) · 1847

iambic tetrameter · 146 lines · from Poems

When the pine tosses its conesTo the song of its waterfall tones,Who speeds to the woodland walks?To birds and trees who talks?Caesar of his leafy Rome,There the poet is at home.He goes to the river-side,--Not hook nor line hath he;He stands in the meadows wide,--Nor gun nor scythe to see.Sure some god his eye enchants:What he knows nobody wants.In the wood he travels glad,Without better fortune had,Melancholy without bad.Knowledge this man prizes bestSeems fantastic to the rest:Pondering shadows, colors, clouds,Grass-buds and caterpillar-shrouds,Boughs on which the wild bees settle,Tints that spot the violet's petal,Why Nature loves the number five,And why the star-form she repeats:Lover of all things alive,Wonderer at all he meets,Wonderer chiefly at himself,Who can tell him what he is?Or how meet in human elfComing and past eternities?

And such I knew, a forest seer,A minstrel of the natural year,Foreteller of the vernal ides,Wise harbinger of spheres and tides,A lover true, who knew by heartEach joy the mountain dales impart;It seemed that Nature could not raiseA plant in any secret place,In quaking bog, on snowy hill,Beneath the grass that shades the rill,Under the snow, between the rocks,In damp fields known to bird and fox.But he would come in the very hourIt opened in its virgin bower,As if a sunbeam showed the place,And tell its long-descended race.It seemed as if the breezes brought him,It seemed as if the sparrows taught him;As if by secret sight he knewWhere, in far fields, the orchis grew.Many haps fall in the fieldSeldom seen by wishful eyes,But all her shows did Nature yield,To please and win this pilgrim wise.He saw the partridge drum in the woods;He heard the woodcock's evening hymn;He found the tawny thrushes' broods;And the shy hawk did wait for him;What others did at distance hear,And guessed within the thicket's gloom,Was shown to this philosopher,And at his bidding seemed to come.

In unploughed Maine he sought the lumberers' gangWhere from a hundred lakes young rivers sprang;He trode the unplanted forest floor, whereonThe all-seeing sun for ages hath not shone;Where feeds the moose, and walks the surly bear,And up the tall mast runs the woodpecker.He saw beneath dim aisles, in odorous beds,The slight Linnaea hang its twin-born heads,And blessed the monument of the man of flowers,Which breathes his sweet fame through the northern bowers.He heard, when in the grove, at intervals,With sudden roar the aged pine-tree falls,--One crash, the death-hymn of the perfect tree,Declares the close of its green century.Low lies the plant to whose creation wentSweet influence from every element;Whose living towers the years conspired to build,Whose giddy top the morning loved to gild.Through these green tents, by eldest Nature dressed,He roamed, content alike with man and beast.Where darkness found him he lay glad at night;There the red morning touched him with its light.Three moons his great heart him a hermit made,So long he roved at will the boundless shade.The timid it concerns to ask their way,And fear what foe in caves and swamps can stray,To make no step until the event is known,And ills to come as evils past bemoan.Not so the wise; no coward watch he keepsTo spy what danger on his pathway creeps;Go where he will, the wise man is at home,His hearth the earth,--his hall the azure dome;Where his clear spirit leads him, there's his roadBy God's own light illumined and foreshowed.

'T was one of the charmèd daysWhen the genius of God doth flow;The wind may alter twenty ways,A tempest cannot blow;It may blow north, it still is warm;Or south, it still is clear;Or east, it smells like a clover-farm;Or west, no thunder fear.The musing peasant, lowly great,Beside the forest water sate;The rope-like pine-roots crosswise grownComposed the network of his throne;The wide lake, edged with sand and grass,Was burnished to a floor of glass,Painted with shadows green and proudOf the tree and of the cloud.He was the heart of all the scene;On him the sun looked more serene;To hill and cloud his face was known,--It seemed the likeness of their own;They knew by secret sympathyThe public child of earth and sky.'You ask,' he said, 'what guideMe through trackless thickets led,Through thick-stemmed woodlands rough and wide.I found the water's bed.The watercourses were my guide;I travelled grateful by their side,Or through their channel dry;They led me through the thicket damp,Through brake and fern, the beavers' camp,Through beds of granite cut my road,And their resistless friendship showed.The falling waters led me,The foodful waters fed me,And brought me to the lowest land,Unerring to the ocean sand.The moss upon the forest barkWas pole-star when the night was dark;The purple berries in the woodSupplied me necessary food;For Nature ever faithful isTo such as trust her faithfulness.When the forest shall mislead me,When the night and morning lie,When sea and land refuse to feed me,'T will be time enough to die;Then will yet my mother yieldA pillow in her greenest field,Nor the June flowers scorn to coverThe clay of their departed lover.'

Words in this poem 20
nobody n.
No person; no one; not anybody. [No, a. + body.]
wonderer n.
One who wonders.
foreteller n.
One who predicts. Boyle.
ides n.
The fifteenth day of March, May, July, and October, and the thirteenth day of the other months. [L. idus: cf. F. ides.]
snowy a.
White like snow.
rill n.
A very small brook; a streamlet. [Cf. LG. rille a small channel or brook, a furrow, a chamfer, OE. rigol a small brook, F. rigole a trench or furrow for water, W. rhill a row, rhigol a little di]
sunbeam n.
A beam or ray of the sun. [AS. sunnebeam.]
wishful a.
Having desire, or ardent desire; longing. [Cf. Wistful.]
trode n.
Tread; footing. [AS. trod, fr. tredan to tread. See Tread.]
whereon adv.
On which; -- used relatively; as, the earth whereon we live.
surly a.
Arrogant; haughty. Cotgrave. [Probably from sir, and originally meaning, sirlike, i.e., proud. See Sir, and Like, a.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
bemoan v. t.
To express deep grief for by moaning; to express sorrow for; to lament; to bewail; to pity or sympathize with. [OE. bimenen, AS. bem; pref. be- + m to moan. See Moan.]
pathway n.
A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also used figuratively.
sate v. t.
To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
trackless a.
Having no track; marked by no footsteps; untrodden; as, a trackless desert.
resistless a.
Having no power to resist; making no opposition.
foodful a.
Full of food; supplying food; fruitful; fertile.
unerring a.
Committing no mistake; incapable or error or failure certain; sure; unfailing; as, the unerring wisdom of God.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Woodnotes I is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems Household Edition, Project Gutenberg ebook #12843; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Woodnotes I, in Poems (1847), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #12843, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/emerson-poems/woodnotes-i.html, id L07398.

Form and metre

Woodnotes I is 146 lines in 4 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.2 syllables. 12 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 16% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDEDE--FFFGGHHIIJKJKLMLM conesA · tonesA · walksB · talksB · romeC · homeC · sideD · heE · wideD · seeE · enchants · wants · gladF · hadF · badF · bestG · restG · cloudsH · shroudsH · settleI · petalI · fiveJ · repeatsK · aliveJ · meetsK · himselfL · isM · elfL · eternitiesM
  2. 2 AABBCC--DDEEFFGG--HHIJIJ-K-K---- seerA · yearA · idesB · tidesB · heartC · impartC · raise · place · hillD · rillD · rocksE · foxE · hourF · bowerF · placeG · raceG · him · him · knewH · grewH · fieldI · eyesJ · yieldI · wiseJ · woods · hymnK · broods · himK · hear · gloom · philosopher · come
  3. 3 AA----BBCCDD--EEFF--GGHHIIJJKKLLMM gangA · sprangA · whereon · shone · bear · woodpecker · bedsB · headsB · flowersC · bowersC · intervalsD · fallsD · tree · century · wentE · elementE · buildF · gildF · dressed · beast · nightG · lightG · madeH · shadeH · wayI · strayI · knownJ · bemoanJ · keepsK · creepsK · homeL · domeL · roadM · foreshowedM
  4. 4 ABAB-C-CDDEEFFGGHHII--JKJKJJ-LLMM--NNOO----PPPPQQRR daysA · flowB · waysA · blowB · warm · clearC · farm · fearC · greatD · sateD · grownE · throneE · grassF · glassF · proudG · cloudG · sceneH · sereneH · knownI · ownI · sympathy · sky · guideJ · ledK · wideJ · bedK · guideJ · sideJ · dry · dampL · campL · roadM · showedM · me · me · landN · sandN · barkO · darkO · wood · food · is · faithfulness · meP · lieP · meP · dieP · yieldQ · fieldQ · coverR · loverR
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
When the pine tosses its cones7···/˘··
To the song of its waterfall tones,9·····/˘··
Who speeds to the woodland walks?7····/··
To birds and trees who talks?6······
Caesar of his leafy Rome,7/˘··/˘·
There the poet is at home.7··/˘···
He goes to the river-side,--7····/˘·
Not hook nor line hath he;6······
He stands in the meadows wide,--7····/··
Nor gun nor scythe to see.6······
Sure some god his eye enchants:7·····˘/
What he knows nobody wants.7···/···
In the wood he travels glad,7····/˘·
Without better fortune had,7··/˘/˘·
Melancholy without bad.7/˘·˘···
Knowledge this man prizes best7/˘··/˘·
Seems fantastic to the rest:7·˘/˘···
Pondering shadows, colors, clouds,8/˘˘/·/˘·
Grass-buds and caterpillar-shrouds,8···/˘·˘·
Boughs on which the wild bees settle,8······/˘
Tints that spot the violet's petal,9····/˘˘/˘
Why Nature loves the number five,8·/˘··/˘·
And why the star-form she repeats:8······˘/
Lover of all things alive,7/˘···˘/
Wonderer at all he meets,7/˘˘····
Wonderer chiefly at himself,8/˘˘/˘·˘/
Who can tell him what he is?7·······
Or how meet in human elf7····/˘·
Coming and past eternities?8/˘··˘/˘˘
And such I knew, a forest seer,8·····/˘·
A minstrel of the natural year,8·/˘··/˘·
Foreteller of the vernal ides,8˘/˘··/˘·
Wise harbinger of spheres and tides,8·/˘˘····
A lover true, who knew by heart8·/˘·····
Each joy the mountain dales impart;8···/˘·˘/
It seemed that Nature could not raise8···/˘···
A plant in any secret place,8···/˘/˘·
In quaking bog, on snowy hill,8·/˘··/˘·
Beneath the grass that shades the rill,8········
Under the snow, between the rocks,8········
In damp fields known to bird and fox.8········
But he would come in the very hour9······/˘/
It opened in its virgin bower,9·/˘··/˘/˘
As if a sunbeam showed the place,8···/····
And tell its long-descended race.8····˘/˘·
It seemed as if the breezes brought him,9·····/˘··
It seemed as if the sparrows taught him;9·····/˘··
As if by secret sight he knew8···/˘···
Where, in far fields, the orchis grew.8·····/˘·
Many haps fall in the field7/˘·····
Seldom seen by wishful eyes,7/˘··/˘·
But all her shows did Nature yield,8·····/˘·
To please and win this pilgrim wise.8·····/˘·
He saw the partridge drum in the woods;9···/˘····
He heard the woodcock's evening hymn;8···/·/˘·
He found the tawny thrushes' broods;8···/˘/˘·
And the shy hawk did wait for him;8········
What others did at distance hear,8·/˘··/˘·
And guessed within the thicket's gloom,8·····/˘·
Was shown to this philosopher,8····˘/˘˘
And at his bidding seemed to come.8···/˘···
In unploughed Maine he sought the lumberers' gang11···········
Where from a hundred lakes young rivers sprang;10···/˘··/˘·
He trode the unplanted forest floor, whereon11······/˘·˘/
The all-seeing sun for ages hath not shone;10··/··/˘···
Where feeds the moose, and walks the surly bear,10·······/˘·
And up the tall mast runs the woodpecker.10·······/·˘
He saw beneath dim aisles, in odorous beds,10·······/˘·
The slight Linnaea hang its twin-born heads,9·········
And blessed the monument of the man of flowers,10···/˘····/
Which breathes his sweet fame through the northern bowers.10·······/˘/
He heard, when in the grove, at intervals,9·······/˘
With sudden roar the aged pine-tree falls,--9·/˘······
One crash, the death-hymn of the perfect tree,10·······˘/·
Declares the close of its green century.9˘/·····/˘
Low lies the plant to whose creation went10······˘/˘·
Sweet influence from every element;9·/˘·/˘/˘˘
Whose living towers the years conspired to build,10·/˘/··˘/··
Whose giddy top the morning loved to gild.10·/˘··/˘···
Through these green tents, by eldest Nature dressed,10·····/˘/˘·
He roamed, content alike with man and beast.10··˘/˘/····
Where darkness found him he lay glad at night;10·/˘·······
There the red morning touched him with its light.10···/˘·····
Three moons his great heart him a hermit made,10·······/˘·
So long he roved at will the boundless shade.10·······/˘·
The timid it concerns to ask their way,10·/˘·˘/····
And fear what foe in caves and swamps can stray,10··········
To make no step until the event is known,11·······˘/··
And ills to come as evils past bemoan.10·····/˘·˘/
Not so the wise; no coward watch he keeps9·····/···
To spy what danger on his pathway creeps;10···/˘··/··
Go where he will, the wise man is at home,10··········
His hearth the earth,--his hall the azure dome;10·······/˘·
Where his clear spirit leads him, there's his road9···/·····
By God's own light illumined and foreshowed.11····˘/˘····
'T was one of the charmèd days7·······
When the genius of God doth flow;8··/˘····
The wind may alter twenty ways,8···/˘/˘·
A tempest cannot blow;6·/˘/˘·
It may blow north, it still is warm;8········
Or south, it still is clear;6······
Or east, it smells like a clover-farm;9······/˘·
Or west, no thunder fear.6···/˘·
The musing peasant, lowly great,8·/˘/˘/˘·
Beside the forest water sate;8˘/·/˘/˘·
The rope-like pine-roots crosswise grown8·····/··
Composed the network of his throne;8˘/·/····
The wide lake, edged with sand and grass,8········
Was burnished to a floor of glass,8·/˘·····
Painted with shadows green and proud8/˘·/····
Of the tree and of the cloud.7·······
He was the heart of all the scene;8········
On him the sun looked more serene;8······˘/
To hill and cloud his face was known,--8········
It seemed the likeness of their own;8···/˘···
They knew by secret sympathy8···/˘/˘˘
The public child of earth and sky.8·/˘·····
'You ask,' he said, 'what guide6······
Me through trackless thickets led,7··/˘/˘·
Through thick-stemmed woodlands rough and wide.8···/····
I found the water's bed.6···/˘·
The watercourses were my guide;8········
I travelled grateful by their side,8·/˘/˘···
Or through their channel dry;6···/˘·
They led me through the thicket damp,8·····/˘·
Through brake and fern, the beavers' camp,8·····/˘·
Through beds of granite cut my road,8···/˘···
And their resistless friendship showed.8··˘/˘/˘·
The falling waters led me,7·/˘/˘··
The foodful waters fed me,7·/˘/˘··
And brought me to the lowest land,8·····/˘·
Unerring to the ocean sand.8˘/˘··/˘·
The moss upon the forest bark8·····/˘·
Was pole-star when the night was dark;8········
The purple berries in the wood8·/˘/˘···
Supplied me necessary food;8˘/·/˘·˘·
For Nature ever faithful is8·/˘/˘/˘·
To such as trust her faithfulness.8········
When the forest shall mislead me,8··/˘·˘/·
When the night and morning lie,7····/˘·
When sea and land refuse to feed me,9····˘/···
'T will be time enough to die;8····˘/··
Then will yet my mother yield7····/˘·
A pillow in her greenest field,8·/˘··/˘·
Nor the June flowers scorn to cover9···/˘··/˘
The clay of their departed lover.'9····˘/˘/˘

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