Wealth

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) · 1847

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 49 lines · from Poems

Who shall tell what did befall,Far away in time, when once,Over the lifeless ball,Hung idle stars and suns?What god the element obeyed?Wings of what wind the lichen bore,Wafting the puny seeds of power,Which, lodged in rock, the rock abrade?And well the primal pioneerKnew the strong task to it assigned,Patient through Heaven's enormous yearTo build in matter home for mind.From air the creeping centuries drewThe matted thicket low and wide,This must the leaves of ages strewThe granite slab to clothe and hide,Ere wheat can wave its golden pride.What smiths, and in what furnace, rolled(In dizzy aeons dim and muteThe reeling brain can ill compute)Copper and iron, lead and gold?What oldest star the fame can saveOf races perishing to paveThe planet with a floor of lime?Dust is their pyramid and mole:Who saw what ferns and palms were pressedUnder the tumbling mountain's breast,In the safe herbal of the coal?But when the quarried means were piled,All is waste and worthless, tillArrives the wise selecting will,And, out of slime and chaos, WitDraws the threads of fair and fit.Then temples rose, and towns, and marts,The shop of toil, the hall of arts;Then flew the sail across the seasTo feed the North from tropic trees;The storm-wind wove, the torrent span,Where they were bid, the rivers ran;New slaves fulfilled the poet's dream,Galvanic wire, strong-shouldered steam.Then docks were built, and crops were stored,And ingots added to the hoard.But though light-headed man forget,Remembering Matter pays her debt:Still, through her motes and masses, drawElectric thrills and ties of law,Which bind the strengths of Nature wildTo the conscience of a child.

Words in this poem

shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
puny a.
Imperfectly developed in size or vigor; small and feeble; inferior; petty. [F. puîté younger, later born, OF. puisné; puis afterwards (L. post; see Post-) + né born, L. natus. See Natal, and cf. Puisne.]
abrade v. t.
To rub or wear off; to waste or wear away by friction; as, to abrade rocks. Lyell. [L. abradere, abrasum, to scrape off; ab + radere to scrape. See Rase, Raze.]
primal a.
First; primary; original; chief. [LL. primalis, fr. L. primus the first. See Prime, a.]
pioneer n.
A soldier detailed or employed to form roads, dig trenches, and make bridges, as an army advances. [F. pionier, orig., a foot soldier, OF. peonier, fr. OF. peon a foot soldier, F. pion. See Pawn in chess.]
pave n.
The pavement. Nymphe du pavé ([A low euphemism.] [F., from paver to pave. See Pave.]
herbal a.
Of or pertaining to herbs. Quarles.
quarried a.
Provided with prey.
piled a.
Having a pile or point; pointed. [From 2d Pile.]
chaos n.
An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning chasm. [L. chaos chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. Chasm.]
wove
p. pr. & rare vb. n. of Weave.
conscience n.
Knowledge of one's own thoughts or actions; consciousness. [F. conscience, fr. L. conscientia, fr. consciens, p.pr. of conscire to know, to be conscious; con- + scire to know. See Science.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Wealth is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems Household Edition, Project Gutenberg ebook #12843; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Wealth, in Poems (1847), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #12843, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/emerson-poems/wealth.html, id L07502.

Form and metre

Wealth is 49 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 53% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 92%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.8 syllables. 1 line ends on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 29% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 A-A-B--BCDCDEFEFFGHHGII-JKKJ-LLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTUU befallA · once · ballA · suns · obeyedB · bore · power · abradeB · pioneerC · assignedD · yearC · mindD · drewE · wideF · strewE · hideF · prideF · rolledG · muteH · computeH · goldG · saveI · paveI · lime · moleJ · pressedK · breastK · coalJ · piled · tillL · willL · witM · fitM · martsN · artsN · seasO · treesO · spanP · ranP · dreamQ · steamQ · storedR · hoardR · forgetS · debtS · drawT · lawT · wildU · childU
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Who shall tell what did befall,7·····˘/
Far away in time, when once,7·˘/····
Over the lifeless ball,6···/˘·
Hung idle stars and suns?6·/˘···
What god the element obeyed?8···/˘˘˘/
Wings of what wind the lichen bore,8·····/˘·
Wafting the puny seeds of power,9/˘·/˘··/˘
Which, lodged in rock, the rock abrade?8······˘/
And well the primal pioneer8···/˘·˘/
Knew the strong task to it assigned,8······˘/
Patient through Heaven's enormous year9/˘·/˘˘/˘·
To build in matter home for mind.8···/˘···
From air the creeping centuries drew8···/˘/˘·
The matted thicket low and wide,8·/˘/˘···
This must the leaves of ages strew8·····/˘·
The granite slab to clothe and hide,8·/˘·····
Ere wheat can wave its golden pride.8·····/˘·
What smiths, and in what furnace, rolled8·····/˘·
(In dizzy aeons dim and mute7·/˘····
The reeling brain can ill compute)8·/˘···˘/
Copper and iron, lead and gold?8/˘·/˘···
What oldest star the fame can save8·/˘·····
Of races perishing to pave8·/˘/˘˘··
The planet with a floor of lime?8·/˘·····
Dust is their pyramid and mole:8···/˘˘··
Who saw what ferns and palms were pressed8········
Under the tumbling mountain's breast,8···/˘/˘·
In the safe herbal of the coal?8···/˘···
But when the quarried means were piled,8···/˘···
All is waste and worthless, till7····/˘·
Arrives the wise selecting will,8˘/··˘/˘·
And, out of slime and chaos, Wit8·····/˘·
Draws the threads of fair and fit.7·······
Then temples rose, and towns, and marts,8·/˘·····
The shop of toil, the hall of arts;8········
Then flew the sail across the seas8····˘/··
To feed the North from tropic trees;8·····/˘·
The storm-wind wove, the torrent span,8·····/˘·
Where they were bid, the rivers ran;8·····/˘·
New slaves fulfilled the poet's dream,8··˘/·/˘·
Galvanic wire, strong-shouldered steam.8˘/˘/·/˘·
Then docks were built, and crops were stored,8········
And ingots added to the hoard.8·/˘/˘···
But though light-headed man forget,8···/˘·˘/
Remembering Matter pays her debt:8˘/˘/˘···
Still, through her motes and masses, draw8·····/˘·
Electric thrills and ties of law,8˘/˘·····
Which bind the strengths of Nature wild8·····/˘·
To the conscience of a child.7··/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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