Each and All

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) · 1847

iambic tetrameter · 51 lines · from Poems

Little thinks, in the field, yon red-cloaked clownOf thee from the hill-top looking down;The heifer that lows in the upland farm,Far-heard, lows not thine ear to charm;The sexton, tolling his bell at noon,Deems not that great NapoleonStops his horse, and lists with delight,Whilst his files sweep round yon Alpine height;Nor knowest thou what argumentThy life to thy neighbor's creed has lent.All are needed by each one;Nothing is fair or good alone.I thought the sparrow's note from heaven,Singing at dawn on the alder bough;I brought him home, in his nest, at even;He sings the song, but it cheers not now,For I did not bring home the river and sky;--He sang to my ear,--they sang to my eye.The delicate shells lay on the shore;The bubbles of the latest waveFresh pearls to their enamel gave,And the bellowing of the savage seaGreeted their safe escape to me.I wiped away the weeds and foam,I fetched my sea-born treasures home;But the poor, unsightly, noisome thingsHad left their beauty on the shoreWith the sun and the sand and the wild uproar.The lover watched his graceful maid,As 'mid the virgin train she strayed,Nor knew her beauty's best attireWas woven still by the snow-white choir.At last she came to his hermitage,Like the bird from the woodlands to the cage;--The gay enchantment was undone,A gentle wife, but fairy none.Then I said, 'I covet truth;Beauty is unripe childhood's cheat;I leave it behind with the games of youth:'--As I spoke, beneath my feetThe ground-pine curled its pretty wreath,Running over the club-moss burrs;I inhaled the violet's breath;Around me stood the oaks and firs;Pine-cones and acorns lay on the ground;Over me soared the eternal sky.Full of light and of deity;Again I saw, again I heard,The rolling river, the morning bird;--Beauty through my senses stole;I yielded myself to the perfect whole.

Words in this poem

napoleon n.
A French gold coin of twenty francs, or about $3.86. [From the Emperor Napoleon 1.]
alder a.
Of all; -- used in composition; as, alderbest, best of all, alderwisest, wisest of all. [From ealra, alra, gen. pl. of AS. eal. The d is excrescent.]
noisome a.
Noxious to health; hurtful; mischievous; unwholesome; insalubrious; destructive; as, noisome effluvia. [For noysome, fr. noy for annoy. See Annoy.]
hermitage n.
The habitation of a hermit; a secluded residence. [OE. hermitage, ermitage, F. hermitage, ermitage. See Hermit.]
undone a.
Not done or performed; neglected. [Pref. un- not + done.]
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
stole n.
A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. stall. See Stall.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Each and All is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems Household Edition, Project Gutenberg ebook #12843; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Each and All, in Poems (1847), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #12843, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/emerson-poems/each-and-all.html, id L07380.

Form and metre

Each and All is 51 lines in a single stanza. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 83%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.6 syllables. 6 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 18% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBAACCDDEEEFEFGG-HHGGII-JJKKLLMMNNOPOP-Q-Q---RRSS clownA · downA · farmB · charmB · noonA · napoleonA · delightC · heightC · argumentD · lentD · oneE · aloneE · heavenE · boughF · evenE · nowF · skyG · eyeG · shore · waveH · gaveH · seaG · meG · foamI · homeI · things · shoreJ · uproarJ · maidK · strayedK · attireL · choirL · hermitageM · cageM · undoneN · noneN · truthO · cheatP · youthO · feetP · wreath · burrsQ · breath · firsQ · ground · sky · deity · heardR · birdR · stoleS · wholeS
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Little thinks, in the field, yon red-cloaked clown10/˘········
Of thee from the hill-top looking down;9······/˘·
The heifer that lows in the upland farm,9·/····/˘·
Far-heard, lows not thine ear to charm;8········
The sexton, tolling his bell at noon,9·/˘/˘····
Deems not that great Napoleon8····˘/˘˘
Stops his horse, and lists with delight,8······˘/
Whilst his files sweep round yon Alpine height;9······/··
Nor knowest thou what argument8·/˘··/˘˘
Thy life to thy neighbor's creed has lent.9····/˘···
All are needed by each one;7··/˘···
Nothing is fair or good alone.8/˘····˘/
I thought the sparrow's note from heaven,9···/˘··/˘
Singing at dawn on the alder bough;9/˘····/˘·
I brought him home, in his nest, at even;9········/
He sings the song, but it cheers not now,9·········
For I did not bring home the river and sky;--11·······/˘··
He sang to my ear,--they sang to my eye.10··········
The delicate shells lay on the shore;8·/˘·····
The bubbles of the latest wave8·/˘··/˘·
Fresh pearls to their enamel gave,8····˘/˘·
And the bellowing of the savage sea9··/˘··/˘·
Greeted their safe escape to me.8/˘··˘/··
I wiped away the weeds and foam,8··˘/····
I fetched my sea-born treasures home;8·····/˘·
But the poor, unsightly, noisome things9···˘/˘/˘·
Had left their beauty on the shore8···/˘···
With the sun and the sand and the wild uproar.11·········/·
The lover watched his graceful maid,8·/˘··/˘·
As 'mid the virgin train she strayed,8···/˘···
Nor knew her beauty's best attire9···/˘·˘/˘
Was woven still by the snow-white choir.9·/˘·····/
At last she came to his hermitage,9······/˘˘
Like the bird from the woodlands to the cage;--10·····/····
The gay enchantment was undone,8··˘/˘·˘/
A gentle wife, but fairy none.8·/˘··/˘·
Then I said, 'I covet truth;7····/˘·
Beauty is unripe childhood's cheat;8/˘·˘//··
I leave it behind with the games of youth:'--10··········
As I spoke, beneath my feet7·······
The ground-pine curled its pretty wreath,8·····/˘·
Running over the club-moss burrs;8/˘······
I inhaled the violet's breath;8·˘/·/˘˘·
Around me stood the oaks and firs;8········
Pine-cones and acorns lay on the ground;9···/˘····
Over me soared the eternal sky.8····˘/˘·
Full of light and of deity;8·····/˘˘
Again I saw, again I heard,8˘/··˘/··
The rolling river, the morning bird;--9·/˘/˘·/˘·
Beauty through my senses stole;7/˘··/˘·
I yielded myself to the perfect whole.10·/˘·/··/··

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by Ralph Waldo Emerson