Birds

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) · 1847

trochaic tetrameter · rhyming couplets · 18 lines · from Poems

Darlings of children and of bard,Perfect kinds by vice unmarred,All of worth and beauty setGems in Nature's cabinet;These the fables she esteemsReality most like to dreams.Welcome back, you little nations,Far-travelled in the south plantations;Bring your music and rhythmic flight,Your colors for our eyes' delight:Freely nestle in our roof,Weave your chamber weatherproof;And your enchanting manners bringAnd your autumnal gathering.Exchange in conclave generalGreetings kind to each and all,Conscious each of duty doneAnd unstainèd as the sun.

Words in this poem

rhythmic a.
Pertaining to, or of the nature of, rhythm DAy and night I worked my rhythmic thought. Mrs. Browning. [Gr. rhythmicus, F. rhythmique.]
nestle v. i.
To make and occupy a nest; to nest. [AS. nestlian.]
weatherproof a.
Proof against rough weather.
conclave n.
The set of apartments within which the cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church are continuously secluded while engaged in choosing a pope. [F., fr. L. conclave a room that may locked up; con- + clavis key. See Clavicle.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Birds is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems Household Edition, Project Gutenberg ebook #12843; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Birds, in Poems (1847), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #12843, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/emerson-poems/birds.html, id L07546.

Form and metre

Birds is 18 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets. The metre is trochaic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 81%). 87% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.6 syllables. 6 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 28% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in trochaic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHII bardA · unmarredA · setB · cabinetB · esteemsC · dreamsC · nationsD · plantationsD · flightE · delightE · roofF · weatherproofF · bringG · gatheringG · generalH · allH · doneI · sunI
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Darlings of children and of bard,8/˘·/˘···
Perfect kinds by vice unmarred,8/······˘
All of worth and beauty set7····/˘·
Gems in Nature's cabinet;7··/˘/˘˘
These the fables she esteems7··/˘·˘/
Reality most like to dreams.8˘/˘˘····
Welcome back, you little nations,8/˘··/˘/˘
Far-travelled in the south plantations;9·/˘····/˘
Bring your music and rhythmic flight,8··/˘·/˘·
Your colors for our eyes' delight:8·/˘·/·˘/
Freely nestle in our roof,8/˘/˘·/˘·
Weave your chamber weatherproof;7··/˘/˘·
And your enchanting manners bring8··˘/˘/˘·
And your autumnal gathering.8··˘/˘/˘˘
Exchange in conclave general8˘/·/·/˘˘
Greetings kind to each and all,7/˘·····
Conscious each of duty done7/˘··/˘·
And unstainèd as the sun.6······

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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