Astraea

Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882) · 1847

trochaic tetrameter · rhyming couplets · 48 lines · from Poems

Each the herald is who wroteHis rank, and quartered his own coat.There is no king nor sovereign stateThat can fix a hero's rate;Each to all is venerable,Cap-a-pie invulnerable,Until he write, where all eyes rest,Slave or master on his breast.I saw men go up and down,In the country and the town,With this tablet on their neck,'Judgment and a judge we seek.'Not to monarchs they repair,Nor to learned jurist's chair;But they hurry to their peers,To their kinsfolk and their dears;Louder than with speech they pray,--'What am I? companion, say.'And the friend not hesitatesTo assign just place and mates;Answers not in word or letter,Yet is understood the better;Each to each a looking-glass,Reflects his figure that doth pass.Every wayfarer he meetsWhat himself declared repeats,What himself confessed records,Sentences him in his words;The form is his own corporal form,And his thought the penal worm.Yet shine forever virgin minds,Loved by stars and purest winds,Which, o'er passion throned sedate,Have not hazarded their state;Disconcert the searching spy,Rendering to a curious eyeThe durance of a granite ledge.To those who gaze from the sea's edgeIt is there for benefit;It is there for purging light;There for purifying storms;And its depths reflect all forms;It cannot parley with the mean,--Pure by impure is not seen.For there's no sequestered grot,Lone mountain tarn, or isle forgot,But Justice, journeying in the sphere,Daily stoops to harbor there.

Words in this poem

wrote v. i.
To root with the snout. See 1st Root. [OE. wroten. See 1st Root.]
quartered a.
Divided into four equal parts or quarters; separated into four parts or regions.
invulnerable a.
Incapable of being wounded, or of receiving injury. [L. invulnerabilis: cf. F. invulnérable. See In- not, and Vulnerable.]
kinsfolk n.
Relatives; kindred; kin; persons of the same family or closely or closely related families.
wayfarer n.
One who travels; a traveler; a passenger.
curious a.
Difficult to please or satisfy; solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous; nice; exact. [OF. curios, curius, F. curieux, L. curiosus careful, inquisitive, fr. cura care. See Cure.]
durance n.
Continuance; duration. See Endurance. [OF. durance duration, fr. L. durans, -antis, p. pr. durare to endure, last. See Dure, and cf. Durant.]
lone n.
A lane. See Loanin.
tarn n.
A mountain lake or pool. [OE. terne, Icel. tjörn.]
isle v. t.
To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Astraea is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems Household Edition, Project Gutenberg ebook #12843; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Astraea, in Poems (1847), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #12843, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/emerson-poems/astraea.html, id L07403.

Form and metre

Astraea is 48 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 75% of the lines. The metre is trochaic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 80%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.4 syllables. 6 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 12% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in rhyming couplets, other poems in trochaic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABB--CCDD--EEFFGGHHIIJJKK------LLMMNNOOPPQQ--RR wroteA · coatA · stateB · rateB · venerable · invulnerable · restC · breastC · downD · townD · neck · seek · repairE · chairE · peersF · dearsF · prayG · sayG · hesitatesH · matesH · letterI · betterI · glassJ · passJ · meetsK · repeatsK · records · words · form · worm · minds · winds · sedateL · stateL · spyM · eyeM · ledgeN · edgeN · benefitO · lightO · stormsP · formsP · meanQ · seenQ · grot · forgot · sphereR · thereR
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against trochaic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Each the herald is who wrote7··/˘···
His rank, and quartered his own coat.8···/˘···
There is no king nor sovereign state8·····/˘·
That can fix a hero's rate;7····/˘·
Each to all is venerable,8····/˘˘˘
Cap-a-pie invulnerable,8···˘/˘˘˘
Until he write, where all eyes rest,8········
Slave or master on his breast.7··/˘···
I saw men go up and down,7·······
In the country and the town,7··/˘···
With this tablet on their neck,7··/˘···
'Judgment and a judge we seek.'7/˘·····
Not to monarchs they repair,7··/··˘/
Nor to learned jurist's chair;7···˘/˘·
But they hurry to their peers,7··/˘···
To their kinsfolk and their dears;7··/˘···
Louder than with speech they pray,--7/˘·····
'What am I? companion, say.'7···˘/˘·
And the friend not hesitates7····/˘·
To assign just place and mates;7·˘/····
Answers not in word or letter,8/˘····/˘
Yet is understood the better;8···˘/·/˘
Each to each a looking-glass,7····/˘·
Reflects his figure that doth pass.8˘/·/˘···
Every wayfarer he meets7/˘˘/˘··
What himself declared repeats,8·˘/˘/˘˘/
What himself confessed records,8·˘/˘/˘/˘
Sentences him in his words;7/˘˘····
The form is his own corporal form,8·····/˘·
And his thought the penal worm.7····/˘·
Yet shine forever virgin minds,8··˘/˘/˘·
Loved by stars and purest winds,8·˘···/˘·
Which, o'er passion throned sedate,8··/˘·˘˘/
Have not hazarded their state;7··/˘˘··
Disconcert the searching spy,7·˘/·/˘·
Rendering to a curious eye8/˘˘··/˘·
The durance of a granite ledge.8·/˘··/˘·
To those who gaze from the sea's edge8········
It is there for benefit;7····/˘˘
It is there for purging light;7····/˘·
There for purifying storms;7··/˘·˘·
And its depths reflect all forms;7···˘/··
It cannot parley with the mean,--8·/˘/˘···
Pure by impure is not seen.7··˘/···
For there's no sequestered grot,8···˘/˘˘·
Lone mountain tarn, or isle forgot,8·/˘···˘/
But Justice, journeying in the sphere,8·/˘/˘···
Daily stoops to harbor there.7/˘··/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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