Columbian Ode
Four hundred years ago a tangled wasteLay sleeping on the west Atlantic's side;Their devious ways the Old World's millions tracedContent, and loved, and labored, dared and died,While students still believed the charts they conned,And revelled in their thriftless ignorance,Nor dreamed of other lands that lay beyondOld Ocean's dense, indefinite expanse.
But deep within her heart old Nature knewThat she had once arrayed, at Earth's behest,Another offspring, fine and fair to view,--The chosen suckling of the mother's breast.The child was wrapped in vestments soft and fine,Each fold a work of Nature's matchless art;The mother looked on it with love divine,And strained the loved one closely to her heart.And there it lay, and with the warmth grew strongAnd hearty, by the salt sea breezes fanned,Till Time with mellowing touches passed along,And changed the infant to a mighty land.
But men knew naught of this, till there aroseThat mighty mariner, the Genoese,Who dared to try, in spite of fears and foes,The unknown fortunes of unsounded seas.O noblest of Italia's sons, thy barkWent not alone into that shrouding night!O dauntless darer of the rayless dark,The world sailed with thee to eternal light!The deer-haunts that with game were crowded thenTo-day are tilled and cultivated lands;The schoolhouse tow'rs where Bruin had his den,And where the wigwam stood the chapel stands;The place that nurtured men of savage mienNow teems with men of Nature's noblest types;Where moved the forest-foliage banner green,Now flutters in the breeze the stars and stripes!
Words in this poem
- devious a.
- Out of a straight line; winding; varying from directness; as, a devious path or way. [L. devius; de + via way. See Viaduct.]
- thriftless a.
- Without thrift; not prudent or prosperous in money affairs.
- behest v. t.
- To vow. Paston.
- genoese a.
- Of or pertaining to Genoa, a city of Italy.
- went n.
- Course; way; path; journey; direction.
- shrouding n.
- The shrouds. See Shroud, n., 7.
- dauntless a.
- Incapable of being daunted; undaunted; bold; fearless; intrepid.
- darer n.
- One who dares or defies.
- rayless a.
- Destitute of rays; hence, dark; not illuminated; blind; as, a rayless sky; rayless eyes.
- schoolhouse n.
- A house appropriated for the use of a school or schools, or for instruction.
- bruin n.
- A bear; -- so called in popular tales and fables. [D. bruin brown. In the epic poem of "Reynard the Fox" the bear is so called from his color. See Brown, a.]
- wigwam n.
- An Indian cabin or hut, usually of a conical form, and made of a framework of poles covered with hides, bark, or mats; -- called also tepee. [Sometimes written also weekwam.] [From the Algonquin or Massachusetts Indian word wek, "his house," or "dwelling place;" with possessive and locative affixes, we-kou-om-ut, "in his (or their) ho]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Columbian Ode is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar, Project Gutenberg ebook #18338; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Paul Laurence Dunbar, Columbian Ode, in The Complete Poems (1893–1905), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #18338, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/dunbar-poems/columbian-ode.html, id L00532.
Form and metre
Columbian Ode is 36 lines in 3 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.9 syllables. 2 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 25% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ABABCDCD wasteA · sideB · tracedA · diedB · connedC · ignoranceD · beyondC · expanseD
- 2 ABABCDCDEFEF knewA · behestB · viewA · breastB · fineC · artD · divineC · heartD · strongE · fannedF · alongE · landF
- 3 A-A-BCBCDEDEFGFG aroseA · genoese · foesA · seas · barkB · nightC · darkB · lightC · thenD · landsE · denD · standsE · mienF · typesG · greenF · stripesG
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Four hundred years ago a tangled waste | 10 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘· |
| Lay sleeping on the west Atlantic's side; | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| Their devious ways the Old World's millions traced | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Content, and loved, and labored, dared and died, | 10 | ˘/···/˘··· |
| While students still believed the charts they conned, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/···· |
| And revelled in their thriftless ignorance, | 10 | ·˘/··/˘/˘˘ |
| Nor dreamed of other lands that lay beyond | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Old Ocean's dense, indefinite expanse. | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘˘˘/ |
| But deep within her heart old Nature knew | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| That she had once arrayed, at Earth's behest, | 10 | ····˘/··˘/ |
| Another offspring, fine and fair to view,-- | 10 | ˘/˘/······ |
| The chosen suckling of the mother's breast. | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| The child was wrapped in vestments soft and fine, | 10 | ·········· |
| Each fold a work of Nature's matchless art; | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| The mother looked on it with love divine, | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| And strained the loved one closely to her heart. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| And there it lay, and with the warmth grew strong | 10 | ·········· |
| And hearty, by the salt sea breezes fanned, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Till Time with mellowing touches passed along, | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| And changed the infant to a mighty land. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| But men knew naught of this, till there arose | 10 | ········˘/ |
| That mighty mariner, the Genoese, | 9 | ·/˘/˘˘·/˘ |
| Who dared to try, in spite of fears and foes, | 10 | ·········· |
| The unknown fortunes of unsounded seas. | 10 | ·˘//˘·˘/˘· |
| O noblest of Italia's sons, thy bark | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘··· |
| Went not alone into that shrouding night! | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| O dauntless darer of the rayless dark, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| The world sailed with thee to eternal light! | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| The deer-haunts that with game were crowded then | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| To-day are tilled and cultivated lands; | 10 | ·····/˘·˘· |
| The schoolhouse tow'rs where Bruin had his den, | 10 | ·/···/˘··· |
| And where the wigwam stood the chapel stands; | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| The place that nurtured men of savage mien | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Now teems with men of Nature's noblest types; | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Where moved the forest-foliage banner green, | 10 | ···/˘/˘/˘· |
| Now flutters in the breeze the stars and stripes! | 10 | ·/˘······· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.