To the Lady Bedford

John Donne (1572–1631) · 1633

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 44 lines · from Poems

You that are she and you, that's double shee,In her dead face, halfe of your selfe shall see;Shee was the other part, for so they doeWhich build them friendships, become one of two;So two, that but themselves no third can fit,Which were to be so, when they were not yet;Twinnes, though their birth Cusco, and Musco take,As divers starres one Constellation make;Pair'd like two eyes, have equall motion, soBoth but one meanes to see, one way to goe.Had you dy'd first, a carcasse shee had beene;And wee your rich Tombe in her face had seene;She like the Soule is gone, and you here stay,Not a live friend; but th'other halfe of clay.And since you act that part, As men say, hereLies such a Prince, when but one part is there,And do all honour and devotion dueUnto the whole, so wee all reverence you;For, such a friendship who would not adoreIn you, who are all what both were before,Not all, as if some perished by this,But so, as all in you contracted is.As of this all, though many parts decay,The pure which elemented them shall stay;And though diffus'd, and spread in infinite,Shall recollect, and in one All unite:So madame, as her Soule to heaven is fled,Her flesh rests in the earth, as in the bed;Her vertues do, as to their proper spheare,Returne to dwell with you, of whom they were:As perfect motions are all circular,So they to you, their sea, whence lesse streames are.Shee was all spices, you all metalls; soIn you two wee did both rich Indies know.And as no fire, nor rust can spend or wasteOne dramme of gold, but what was first shall last,Though it bee forc'd in water, earth, salt, aire,Expans'd in infinite, none will impaire;So, to your selfe you may additions take,But nothing can you lesse, or changed make.Seeke not in seeking new, to seeme to doubt,That you can match her, or not be without;But let some faithfull booke in her roome be,Yet but of Iudith no such booke as shee.

Words in this poem

shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
divers a.
Different in kind or species; diverse. [F. divers, L. diversus turned in different directions, different, p. p. of divertere. See Divert, and cf. Diverse.]
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
adore v. t.
To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French pr]
recollect v. t.
To recover or recall the knowledge of; to bring back to the mind or memory; to remember. [Pref. re- + collect: cf. L. recolligere, recollectum, to collect. Cf. Recollet.]
madame n.
My lady; -- a French title formerly given to ladies of quality; now, in France, given to all married women. [F., fr. ma my (L. mea) + dame dame. See Dame, and cf. Madonna.]
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
dramme n.
A weight; in Apothecaries' weight, one eighth part of an ounce, or sixty grains; in Avoirdupois weight, one sixteenth part of an ounce, or 27.34375 grains. [OF. drame, F. drachme, L. drachma, drachm, drachma, fr. Gr. Drachm, Drachma.]
faithfull a.
Full of faith, or having faith; disposed to believe, especially in the declarations and promises of God.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

To the Lady Bedford is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of John Donne, Volume 1 (of 2) Edited from the Old Editions and Numerous Manuscripts, Project Gutenberg ebook #48688; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Donne, To the Lady Bedford, in Poems (1633), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #48688, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/donne-poems/to-the-lady-bedford.html, id L19917.

Form and metre

To the Lady Bedford is 44 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 73% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 80%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.2 syllables. 3 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 20% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AA----BBCCDDEEFFGGHH--IIJJKK----LL--MMNNOOPP sheeA · seeA · doe · two · fit · yet · takeB · makeB · soC · goeC · beeneD · seeneD · stayE · clayE · hereF · thereF · dueG · youG · adoreH · beforeH · this · is · decayI · stayI · infiniteJ · uniteJ · fledK · bedK · spheare · were · circular · are · soL · knowL · waste · last · aireM · impaireM · takeN · makeN · doubtO · withoutO · beP · sheeP
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
You that are she and you, that's double shee,10·······/˘·
In her dead face, halfe of your selfe shall see;10··········
Shee was the other part, for so they doe10···/˘·····
Which build them friendships, become one of two;10···/˘˘/···
So two, that but themselves no third can fit,10····˘/····
Which were to be so, when they were not yet;10··········
Twinnes, though their birth Cusco, and Musco take,10·······/˘·
As divers starres one Constellation make;10·/˘···˘/˘·
Pair'd like two eyes, have equall motion, so10·····/˘/˘·
Both but one meanes to see, one way to goe.10··········
Had you dy'd first, a carcasse shee had beene;10··········
And wee your rich Tombe in her face had seene;10··········
She like the Soule is gone, and you here stay,10··········
Not a live friend; but th'other halfe of clay.10··········
And since you act that part, As men say, here10··········
Lies such a Prince, when but one part is there,10··········
And do all honour and devotion due10···/˘·˘/˘·
Unto the whole, so wee all reverence you;10·······/˘·
For, such a friendship who would not adore10···/˘···˘/
In you, who are all what both were before,10··········
Not all, as if some perished by this,10·····/˘˘··
But so, as all in you contracted is.10······/˘˘·
As of this all, though many parts decay,10·····/˘·˘/
The pure which elemented them shall stay;10···/˘˘˘···
And though diffus'd, and spread in infinite,10··˘/···/˘˘
Shall recollect, and in one All unite:10··˘/····/·
So madame, as her Soule to heaven is fled,10·/˘····/··
Her flesh rests in the earth, as in the bed;10··········
Her vertues do, as to their proper spheare,10·······/˘·
Returne to dwell with you, of whom they were:10··········
As perfect motions are all circular,10·/·/˘··/˘˘
So they to you, their sea, whence lesse streames are.10··········
Shee was all spices, you all metalls; so10···/˘··//·
In you two wee did both rich Indies know.10·······/˘·
And as no fire, nor rust can spend or waste10···/······
One dramme of gold, but what was first shall last,10··········
Though it bee forc'd in water, earth, salt, aire,10·····/˘···
Expans'd in infinite, none will impaire;10···/˘˘····
So, to your selfe you may additions take,10······˘/˘·
But nothing can you lesse, or changed make.10·/˘·····˘·
Seeke not in seeking new, to seeme to doubt,10···/˘·····
That you can match her, or not be without;10··········
But let some faithfull booke in her roome be,10···/˘·····
Yet but of Iudith no such booke as shee.10··········
Notes from the edition 16

Herbert Grierson's record of the readings of the early editions and manuscripts, from his Poems of John Donne (Oxford, 1912; Project Gutenberg #48688).

  1. Line 1 she and you,] she, and you 1633-69, Chambers. See note
  2. Line 4 two;] the two; 1669
  3. Line 6 yet; Ed: yet 1633-39: yet. 1650-69
  4. Line 8 make; Ed: make, 1633-69
  5. Line 10 goe. Ed: goe; 1633-69
  6. Line 13 stay,] stay 1633-35
  7. Line 16 there, Ed: there; 1633-69
  8. Line 17 honour] honour: 1633
  9. Line 20 were] was 1633
  10. Line 22 as all in you] as in you all O'F: that in you all Cy, H40, L74, N, S
  11. Line 28 the bed;] a bed; Cy, H40, L74, N, O'F, S: her bed; P
  12. Line 30 were:] were; 1633
  13. Line 32 are.] are; 1633
  14. Line 34 know.] know; 1633
  15. Line 41 doubt, 1633: doubt; 1635-69
  16. Line 42 can] twice in 1633

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