To the Countesse of Salisbury. August. 1614

John Donne (1572–1631) · 1633

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 84 lines · from Poems

Faire, great, and good, since seeing you, wee seeWhat Heaven can doe, and what any Earth can be:Since now your beauty shines, now when the SunneGrowne stale, is to so low a value runne,That his disshevel'd beames and scattered firesServe but for Ladies Periwigs and TyresIn lovers Sonnets: you come to repaireGods booke of creatures, teaching what is faire.Since now, when all is withered, shrunke, and dri'd,All Vertues ebb'd out to a dead low tyde,All the worlds frame being crumbled into sand,Where every man thinks by himselfe to stand,Integritie, friendship, and confidence,(Ciments of greatnes) being vapor'd hence,And narrow man being fill'd with little shares,Court, Citie, Church, are all shops of small-wares,All having blowne to sparkes their noble fire,And drawne their sound gold-ingot into wyre;All trying by a love of littlenesseTo make abridgments, and to draw to lesse,Even that nothing, which at first we were;Since in these times, your greatnesse doth appeare,And that we learne by it, that man to getTowards him that's infinite, must first be great.Since in an age so ill, as none is fitSo much as to accuse, much lesse mend it,(For who can judge, or witnesse of those timesWhere all alike are guiltie of the crimes?)Where he that would be good, is thought by allA monster, or at best fantasticall;Since now you durst be good, and that I doeDiscerne, by daring to contemplate you,That there may be degrees of faire, great, good,Through your light, largenesse, vertue understood:If in this sacrifice of mine, be showneAny small sparke of these, call it your owne.And if things like these, have been said by meeOf others; call not that Idolatrie.For had God made man first, and man had seeneThe third daies fruits, and flowers, and various greene,He might have said the best that he could sayOf those faire creatures, which were made that day;And when next day he had admir'd the birthOf Sun, Moone, Stars, fairer then late-prais'd earth,Hee might have said the best that he could say,And not be chid for praising yesterday;So though some things are not together true,As, that another is worthiest, and, that you:Yet, to say so, doth not condemne a man,If when he spoke them, they were both true than.How faire a proofe of this, in our soule growes?Wee first have soules of growth, and sense, and those,When our last soule, our soule immortall came,Were swallowed into it, and have no name.Nor doth he injure those soules, which doth castThe power and praise of both them, on the last;No more doe I wrong any; I adoreThe same things now, which I ador'd before,The subject chang'd, and measure; the same thingIn a low constable, and in the KingI reverence; His power to work on mee:So did I humbly reverence each degreeOf faire, great, good; but more, now I am comeFrom having found their walkes, to find their home.And as I owe my first soules thankes, that theyFor my last soule did fit and mould my clay,So am I debtor unto them, whose worth,Enabled me to profit, and take forthThis new great lesson, thus to study you;Which none, not reading others, first, could doe.Nor lacke I light to read this booke, though IIn a darke Cave, yea in a Grave doe lie;For as your fellow Angells, so you doeIllustrate them who come to study you.The first whom we in Histories doe findeTo have profest all Arts, was one borne blinde:He lackt those eyes beasts have as well as wee,Not those, by which Angels are seene and see;So, though I'am borne without those eyes to live,Which fortune, who hath none her selfe, doth give,Which are, fit meanes to see bright courts and you,Yet may I see you thus, as now I doe;I shall by that, all goodnesse have discern'd,And though I burne my librarie, be learn'd.

Words in this poem

fantasticall a.
Fanciful; unreal; whimsical; capricious; fantastic.
contemplate v. t.
To look at on all sides or in all its bearings; to view or consider with continued attention; to regard with deliberate care; to meditate on; to study. [L. contemplatus, p.p. of contemplari to contemplate; con- + templum a space for observation marked out by the augur. See Temple.]
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
immortall a.
Not mortal; exempt from liability to die; undying; imperishable; lasting forever; having unlimited, or eternal, existance. [L. immortalis; pref. im- not + mortalis mortal: cf. F. immortel. See Mortal, and cf. Immortelle.]
adore v. t.
To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French pr]
humbly adv.
With humility; lowly.
mould n.
Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of plants; soil. [OE. molde, AS. molde; akin to D. mul, G. mull, mulm, OHG. molt, molta, Icel. mold, Dan. muld, Sw. mull, Goth. mulda, and E. meal flour. See Meal, and cf. Mole a]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

To the Countesse of Salisbury. August. 1614 is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of John Donne, Volume 1 (of 2) Edited from the Old Editions and Numerous Manuscripts, Project Gutenberg ebook #48688; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Donne, To the Countesse of Salisbury. August. 1614, in Poems (1633), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #48688, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/donne-poems/to-the-countesse-of-salisbury-august-1614.html, id L19916.

Form and metre

To the Countesse of Salisbury. August. 1614 is 84 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 74% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 83%).

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABB--CCDDEEFFGG--HH----IIJJKK--LLMM--NNOOPPOOQQRRSSTTUUVVWWXXYYZZ----aa--bbcc----dd seeA · beA · sunneB · runneB · fires · tyres · repaireC · faireC · dri'dD · tydeD · sandE · standE · confidenceF · henceF · sharesG · waresG · fire · wyre · littlenesseH · lesseH · were · appeare · get · great · fitI · itI · timesJ · crimesJ · allK · fantasticallK · doe · you · goodL · understoodL · showneM · owneM · mee · idolatrie · seeneN · greeneN · sayO · dayO · birthP · earthP · sayO · yesterdayO · trueQ · youQ · manR · thanR · growesS · thoseS · cameT · nameT · castU · lastU · adoreV · beforeV · thingW · kingW · meeX · degreeX · comeY · homeY · theyZ · clayZ · worth · forth · you · doe · ia · liea · doe · you · findeb · blindeb · weec · seec · live · give · you · doe · discern'dd · learn'dd
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Faire, great, and good, since seeing you, wee see10·····/˘···
What Heaven can doe, and what any Earth can be:11·/····/˘···
Since now your beauty shines, now when the Sunne10···/˘·····
Growne stale, is to so low a value runne,10·······/˘·
That his disshevel'd beames and scattered fires11·······/˘/˘
Serve but for Ladies Periwigs and Tyres10···/˘·····
In lovers Sonnets: you come to repaire10·/˘/˘·····
Gods booke of creatures, teaching what is faire.10···/˘/˘···
Since now, when all is withered, shrunke, and dri'd,10·····/˘···
All Vertues ebb'd out to a dead low tyde,11···/˘······
All the worlds frame being crumbled into sand,10····//˘···
Where every man thinks by himselfe to stand,10·/˘·······
Integritie, friendship, and confidence,10····/˘·/˘˘
(Ciments of greatnes) being vapor'd hence,9˘/··/˘···
And narrow man being fill'd with little shares,10·/˘·/··/˘·
Court, Citie, Church, are all shops of small-wares,10··········
All having blowne to sparkes their noble fire,11·/˘····/˘/˘
And drawne their sound gold-ingot into wyre;10·····/˘···
All trying by a love of littlenesse10·/˘·······
To make abridgments, and to draw to lesse,10··········
Even that nothing, which at first we were;10/˘·/˘·····
Since in these times, your greatnesse doth appeare,10··········
And that we learne by it, that man to get10··········
Towards him that's infinite, must first be great.10···/˘˘····
Since in an age so ill, as none is fit10··········
So much as to accuse, much lesse mend it,10····˘/····
(For who can judge, or witnesse of those times10··········
Where all alike are guiltie of the crimes?)10··˘/······
Where he that would be good, is thought by all10··········
A monster, or at best fantasticall;10·/˘·······
Since now you durst be good, and that I doe10··········
Discerne, by daring to contemplate you,10···/˘·/˘··
That there may be degrees of faire, great, good,10····˘/····
Through your light, largenesse, vertue understood:11·········˘/
If in this sacrifice of mine, be showne10···/˘·····
Any small sparke of these, call it your owne.10/˘········
And if things like these, have been said by mee10··········
Of others; call not that Idolatrie.10·/˘·······
For had God made man first, and man had seene10··········
The third daies fruits, and flowers, and various greene,10·····/·/˘·
He might have said the best that he could say10··········
Of those faire creatures, which were made that day;10···/˘·····
And when next day he had admir'd the birth10······˘/··
Of Sun, Moone, Stars, fairer then late-prais'd earth,10····/˘····
Hee might have said the best that he could say,10··········
And not be chid for praising yesterday;10·····/˘/˘·
So though some things are not together true,10······˘/˘·
As, that another is worthiest, and, that you:11··˘/˘·/˘···
Yet, to say so, doth not condemne a man,10··········
If when he spoke them, they were both true than.10··········
How faire a proofe of this, in our soule growes?10·······/··
Wee first have soules of growth, and sense, and those,10··········
When our last soule, our soule immortall came,10·/··/·˘/˘·
Were swallowed into it, and have no name.10·/˘·······
Nor doth he injure those soules, which doth cast10···/˘·····
The power and praise of both them, on the last;10·/········
No more doe I wrong any; I adore10·····/˘·˘/
The same things now, which I ador'd before,10······˘/··
The subject chang'd, and measure; the same thing10·/˘··/˘···
In a low constable, and in the King10···/˘˘····
I reverence; His power to work on mee:10·/˘˘·/····
So did I humbly reverence each degree10···/˘/˘·˘/
Of faire, great, good; but more, now I am come10··········
From having found their walkes, to find their home.10·/˘·······
And as I owe my first soules thankes, that they10··········
For my last soule did fit and mould my clay,10··········
So am I debtor unto them, whose worth,10···/˘·····
Enabled me to profit, and take forth10˘/˘··/˘···
This new great lesson, thus to study you;10···/˘··/˘·
Which none, not reading others, first, could doe.10···/˘/˘···
Nor lacke I light to read this booke, though I10··········
In a darke Cave, yea in a Grave doe lie;10··········
For as your fellow Angells, so you doe10···/˘/˘···
Illustrate them who come to study you.10/˘·····/˘·
The first whom we in Histories doe finde10·····/˘˘··
To have profest all Arts, was one borne blinde:10··········
He lackt those eyes beasts have as well as wee,10··········
Not those, by which Angels are seene and see;10····/˘····
So, though I'am borne without those eyes to live,10··········
Which fortune, who hath none her selfe, doth give,10·/˘·······
Which are, fit meanes to see bright courts and you,10··········
Yet may I see you thus, as now I doe;10··········
I shall by that, all goodnesse have discern'd,10········˘/
And though I burne my librarie, be learn'd.10··········
Notes from the edition 16

Herbert Grierson's record of the readings of the early editions and manuscripts, from his Poems of John Donne (Oxford, 1912; Project Gutenberg #48688).

  1. Line 2 and what 1633, 1669, D, H49, Lec: what 1635-54, N, O'F, TCD
  2. Line 16 Court,] Courts, 1669
  3. Line 17 noble fire,] nobler fire, O'F
  4. Line 24 him] him, 1633
  5. Line 29 Chambers includes in parenthesis
  6. Line 30 fantasticall; Ed: fantasticall: 1633-69
  7. Line 34 light, largenesse,] lights largeness, 1669
  8. Line 38 Idolatrie.] Adulterie: N, TCD
  9. Line 40 greene,] greene 1633
  10. Line 42 day; Ed: day: 1633-69
  11. Line 46 yesterday; Ed: yesterday: 1633-69
  12. Line 54 name. 1633-39: name 1654-69
  13. Line 57 any; I adore 1633, D, Lec, N, TCD: any, if I adore 1635-69, O'F (if being inserted)
  14. Line 61 mee: D, N, TCD: mee; 1633-69
  15. Line 63 good; Ed: good, 1633-69
  16. Line 77 om. D, H49, Lec

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

More by John Donne