Death
Language thou art too narrow, and too weakeTo ease us now; great sorrow cannot speake;If we could sigh out accents, and weepe words,Griefe weares, and lessens, that tears breath affords.Sad hearts, the lesse they seeme the more they are,(So guiltiest men stand mutest at the barre)Not that they know not, feele not their estate,But extreme sense hath made them desperate.Sorrow, to whom we owe all that we bee;Tyrant, in the fift and greatest Monarchy,Was't, that she did possesse all hearts before,Thou hast kil'd her, to make thy Empire more?Knew'st thou some would, that knew her not, lament,As in a deluge perish th'innocent?Was't not enough to have that palace wonne,But thou must raze it too, that was undone?Had'st thou staid there, and look'd out at her eyes,All had ador'd thee that now from thee flies,For they let out more light, then they tooke in,They told not when, but did the day beginne.She was too Saphirine, and cleare for thee;Clay, flint, and jeat now thy fit dwellings be;Alas, shee was too pure, but not too weake;Who e'r saw Christall Ordinance but would break?And if wee be thy conquest, by her fallTh'hast lost thy end, for in her perish all;Or if we live, we live but to rebell,They know her better now, that knew her well.If we should vapour out, and pine, and die;Since, shee first went, that were not miserie.Shee chang'd our world with hers; now she is gone,Mirth and prosperity is oppression;For of all morall vertues she was all,The Ethicks speake of vertues Cardinall.Her soule was Paradise; the CherubinSet to keepe it was grace, that kept out sinne.Shee had no more then let in death, for weeAll reape consumption from one fruitfull tree.God tooke her hence, lest some of us should loveHer, like that plant, him and his lawes above,And when wee teares, hee mercy shed in this,To raise our mindes to heaven where now she is;Who if her vertues would have let her stayWee'had had a Saint, have now a holiday.Her heart was that strange bush, where, sacred fire,Religion, did not consume, but'inspireSuch piety, so chast use of Gods day,That what we turne to feast, she turn'd to pray,And did prefigure here, in devout tast,The rest of her high Sabaoth, which shall last.Angels did hand her up, who next God dwell,(For she was of that order whence most fell)Her body left with us, lest some had said,Shee could not die, except they saw her dead;For from lesse vertue, and lesse beautiousnesse,The Gentiles fram'd them Gods and Goddesses.The ravenous earth that now wooes her to beEarth too, will be a Lemnia; and the treeThat wraps that christall in a wooden Tombe,Shall be tooke up spruce, fill'd with diamond;And we her sad glad friends all beare a partOf griefe, for all would waste a Stoicks heart.
Words in this poem 17
- desperate a.
- Without hope; given to despair; hopeless. [L. desperatus, p. p. of desperare. See Despair, and cf. Desperado.]
- hast
- , 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
- wonne v. i.
- To dwell or abide. [See 1st Wone.]
- raze n.
- A Shakespearean word (used once) supposed to mean the same as race, a root. [See Rack.]
- undone a.
- Not done or performed; neglected. [Pref. un- not + done.]
- beginne v. i.
- To have or commence an independent or first existence; to take rise; to commence. [AS. beginnan (akin to OS. biginnan, D. & G. beginnen, OHG. biginnan, Goth., du-ginnan, Sw. begynna, Dan. begynde); pref. be- + an assumed ginnan. sq. root31. Se]
- ordinance n.
- Orderly arrangement; preparation; provision. [OE. ordenance, OF. ordenance, F. ordonnance. See Ordain, and cf. Ordnance, Ordonnance.]
- rebell a.
- Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; as, rebel troops. [F. rebelle, fr. L. rebellis. See Rebel, v. t.]
- vapour n.
- Any substance in the gaseous, or aëriform, state, the condition of which is ordinarily that of a liquid or solid. [OE. vapour, OF. vapour, vapor, vapeur, F. vapeur, L. vapor; probably for cvapor, and akin to Gr. kvepti to breathe, smell, Russ. kopote fine soot. Cf. Vapid.]
- went n.
- Course; way; path; journey; direction.
- cardinall a.
- Of fundamental importance; preëminet; superior; chief; principal. [L. cardinalis, fr. cardo the hing of a door, that on which a thing turns or depends: cf. F. cardinal.]
- cherubin a.
- Cherubic; angelic.
- sinne adv.
- Old form of Since. [Obs. or Prov.Eng. & Scot.]
- fruitfull a.
- Full of fruit; producing fruit abundantly; bearing results; prolific; fertile; liberal; bountiful; as, a fruitful tree, or season, or soil; a fruitful wife.
- prefigure v. t.
- To show, suggest, or announce, by antecedent types and similitudes; to foreshadow. [F. préfigurer, or L. praefigurare, praefiguratum; prae before + figurare to figure. See Figure, and cf. Prefigurate.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- dwell v. i.
- To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Death is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poems of John Donne, Volume 1 (of 2) Edited from the Old Editions and Numerous Manuscripts, Project Gutenberg ebook #48688; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: John Donne, Death, in Poems (1633), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #48688, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/donne-poems/death.html, id L19923.
Form and metre
Death is 62 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 74% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 80%). 93% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.0 syllables. 10 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 18% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AA----BB--CCDDEEFFEEGGHHIIII--JJKK-JLLMM--NNOONNPPQQRR--SS--TT weakeA · speakeA · words · affords · are · barre · estateB · desperateB · bee · monarchy · beforeC · moreC · lamentD · th'innocentD · wonneE · undoneE · eyesF · fliesF · inE · beginneE · theeG · beG · weakeH · breakH · fallI · allI · rebellI · wellI · die · miserie · goneJ · oppressionJ · allK · cardinallK · cherubin · sinneJ · weeL · treeL · loveM · aboveM · this · is · stayN · holidayN · fireO · but'inspireO · dayN · prayN · tastP · lastP · dwellQ · fellQ · saidR · deadR · beautiousnesse · goddesses · beS · treeS · tombe · diamond · partT · heartT
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Language thou art too narrow, and too weake | 10 | /˘···/˘··· |
| To ease us now; great sorrow cannot speake; | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| If we could sigh out accents, and weepe words, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Griefe weares, and lessens, that tears breath affords. | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Sad hearts, the lesse they seeme the more they are, | 10 | ·········· |
| (So guiltiest men stand mutest at the barre) | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| Not that they know not, feele not their estate, | 11 | ·········˘/ |
| But extreme sense hath made them desperate. | 9 | ·˘/····/˘ |
| Sorrow, to whom we owe all that we bee; | 10 | /˘········ |
| Tyrant, in the fift and greatest Monarchy, | 11 | /˘····/˘/˘˘ |
| Was't, that she did possesse all hearts before, | 10 | ····/˘···· |
| Thou hast kil'd her, to make thy Empire more? | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Knew'st thou some would, that knew her not, lament, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| As in a deluge perish th'innocent? | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Was't not enough to have that palace wonne, | 10 | ··˘/···/˘· |
| But thou must raze it too, that was undone? | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Had'st thou staid there, and look'd out at her eyes, | 10 | ·········· |
| All had ador'd thee that now from thee flies, | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| For they let out more light, then they tooke in, | 10 | ·········· |
| They told not when, but did the day beginne. | 10 | ········˘/ |
| She was too Saphirine, and cleare for thee; | 10 | ·········· |
| Clay, flint, and jeat now thy fit dwellings be; | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Alas, shee was too pure, but not too weake; | 10 | ˘/········ |
| Who e'r saw Christall Ordinance but would break? | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| And if wee be thy conquest, by her fall | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Th'hast lost thy end, for in her perish all; | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Or if we live, we live but to rebell, | 10 | ········/˘ |
| They know her better now, that knew her well. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| If we should vapour out, and pine, and die; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Since, shee first went, that were not miserie. | 10 | ·········· |
| Shee chang'd our world with hers; now she is gone, | 10 | ··/······· |
| Mirth and prosperity is oppression; | 10 | ··˘/˘˘·˘/˘ |
| For of all morall vertues she was all, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The Ethicks speake of vertues Cardinall. | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| Her soule was Paradise; the Cherubin | 10 | ···/˘··/˘˘ |
| Set to keepe it was grace, that kept out sinne. | 10 | ·········· |
| Shee had no more then let in death, for wee | 10 | ·········· |
| All reape consumption from one fruitfull tree. | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| God tooke her hence, lest some of us should love | 10 | ·········· |
| Her, like that plant, him and his lawes above, | 10 | ·········· |
| And when wee teares, hee mercy shed in this, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| To raise our mindes to heaven where now she is; | 10 | ··/··/···· |
| Who if her vertues would have let her stay | 10 | ·········· |
| Wee'had had a Saint, have now a holiday. | 11 | ········/˘· |
| Her heart was that strange bush, where, sacred fire, | 11 | ·······/˘/˘ |
| Religion, did not consume, but'inspire | 10 | ˘/˘··˘/··· |
| Such piety, so chast use of Gods day, | 10 | ·/˘˘······ |
| That what we turne to feast, she turn'd to pray, | 10 | ·········· |
| And did prefigure here, in devout tast, | 10 | ··˘/˘··˘/· |
| The rest of her high Sabaoth, which shall last. | 11 | ·····/˘˘··· |
| Angels did hand her up, who next God dwell, | 10 | /˘········ |
| (For she was of that order whence most fell) | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Her body left with us, lest some had said, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Shee could not die, except they saw her dead; | 10 | ·········· |
| For from lesse vertue, and lesse beautiousnesse, | 10 | ·········· |
| The Gentiles fram'd them Gods and Goddesses. | 10 | ·/·····/˘˘ |
| The ravenous earth that now wooes her to be | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Earth too, will be a Lemnia; and the tree | 10 | ·········· |
| That wraps that christall in a wooden Tombe, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Shall be tooke up spruce, fill'd with diamond; | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| And we her sad glad friends all beare a part | 10 | ·········· |
| Of griefe, for all would waste a Stoicks heart. | 9 | ········· |
Notes from the edition 20
Herbert Grierson's record of the readings of the early editions and manuscripts, from his Poems of John Donne (Oxford, 1912; Project Gutenberg #48688).
- Line 2 sorrow 1633, B, Cy, H40, HN, L74, N, P, TC: sorrowes 1635-69, O'F, S
- Line 8 desperate. Ed: desperate; 1633-69
- Line 10 Tyrant, 1633, 1669 (no comma): Tyran, 1635-54
- Line 20 beginne. Ed: beginne; 1633-69
- Line 21 for 1635-69: to 1633
- Line 26 for in her 1633 and all the MSS.: in her we 1635-69, Chambers
- Line 28 They ... that ... well; 1633, Cy, H40, HN, L74, N, S, TC: That know her better now, who knew her well. 1635-69, B, O'F, P, S96
- Line 29 and pine, and] or pine, or Cy, H40, HN, O'F, P, S, S96: or pine, and L74, TCC
- Line 30 miserie. Ed: miserie; 1633-69
- Line 33 She had no more; then let in death for we 1669
- Line 36 that kept out] to keep out HN, P
- Line 38 tree. Ed: tree; 1633-69
- Line 41 And when we see his mercy shewne in this 'Twill &c. S
- Line 50 last.] last; 1633
- Line 53 Her body left 1633, A18, HN, N, TC: Her bodie's left 1635-69
- Line 56 fram'd] fain'd Cy, P: form'd H40, HN
- Line 57 wooes] woes 1633
- Line 58 All the MSS. omit a before Lemnia, but O'F inserts
- Line 61 sad glad 1633-69: glad sad B, Cy, L74, N, O'F, P, S, S96
- Line 62 waste 1633, A18, Cy, H40, HN, L74, N, P, TC: breake 1635-69, B, O'F
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