His Fine Speech, &c.
With clouted iron shoes, and sheep-skin breeches,More rags than manners, and more dirt than riches,From driving cows and calves to Leyton market,While of my greatness there appear'd no spark yet,Behold I come to let you see the pride,With which exalted beggars always ride.
Born to the needful labours of the plough,The cart-whip graced me, as the chain does now.Nature and fate in doubt what course to take,Whether I should a lord or plough-boy make;Kindly at last resolv'd they would promote me,And first a knave, and then a knight they vote me.What fate appointed, nature did prepare,And furnish'd me with an exceeding care,To fit me for what they design'd to have me;And every gift but honesty they gave me.
And thus equipp'd, to this proud town I came,In quest of bread, and not in quest of fame.Blind to my future fate, an humble boy,Free from the guilt and glory I enjoy.The hopes which my ambition entertain'd,Where in the name of foot-boy, all contain'd.The greatest heights from small beginnings rise;The gods were great on earth, before they reach'd the skies.
Backwell, the generous temper of whose mind,Was always to be bountiful inclin'd:Whether by his ill fate or fancy led,First took me up, and furnish'd me with bread:The little services he put me to,Seem'd labours, rather than were truly so.But always my advancement he design'd;For 'twas his very nature to be kind:Large was his soul, his temper ever free;The best of masters and of men to me:And I who was before decreed by fate,To be made infamous as well as great,With an obsequious diligence obey'd him,Till trusted with his all, and then betray'd him.
All his past kindnesses I trampled on,Ruin'd his fortunes to erect my own:So vipers in the bosom bred begin,To hiss at that hand first which took them in;With eager treach'ry I his fall pursu'd,And my first trophies were ingratitude.
Ingratitude's the worst of human guilt,The basest action mankind can commit;Which, like the sin against the Holy Ghost,Has least of honour, and of guilt the most;Distinguished from all other crimes by this,That 'tis a crime which no man will confess;That sin alone, which should not be forgiv'nOn earth, altho' perhaps it may in heaven.
Thus my first benefactor I o'erthrew;And how shou'd I be to a second true?The public trust came next into my care,And I to use them scurvily prepare:My needy sov'reign lord I play'd upon,And lent him many a thousand of his own;For which great interest I took care to charge,And so my ill-got wealth became so large.
My predecessor Judas was a fool,Fitter to have been whipt and sent to school,Than sell a Saviour: had I been at hand,His Master had not been so cheap trepann'd;I would have made the eager Jews have found,For thirty pieces, thirty thousand pound.
My cousin Ziba, of immortal fame,(Ziba and I shall never want a name:)First-born of treason, nobly did advanceHis Master's fall, for his inheritance:By whose keen arts old David first beganTo break his sacred oath to Jonathan:The good old king 'tis thought was very lothTo break his word, and therefore broke his oath.Ziba's a traitor of some quality,Yet Ziba might have been inform'd by me:Had I been there, he ne'er had been contentWith half th' estate, nor half the government.
In our late revolution 'twas thought strange,That I of all mankind should like the change,But they who wonder'd at it never knew,That in it I did my old game pursue:Nor had they heard of twenty thousand pound,Which ne'er was lost, yet never could be found.
Thus all things in their turn to sale I bring,God and my master first, and then the king;Till by successful villanies made bold,I thought to turn the nation into gold;And so to forgery my hand I bent,Not doubting I could gull the Government;But there was ruffl'd by the Parliament.And if I 'scaped th' unhappy tree to climb,'Twas want of law, and not for want of crime;
But my old friend, who printed in my faceA needful competence of English brass;Having more business yet for me to do,And loth to lose his trusty servant so,Managed the matter with such art and skill,As sav'd his hero, and threw out the Bill.
And now I'm grac'd with unexpected honours,For which I'll certainly abuse the donors:Knighted, and made a tribune of the people,Whose laws and properties I'm like to keep well:The custos rotulorum of the city,And captain of the guards of their banditti.Surrounded by my catchpoles, I declareAgainst the needy debtor open war.I hang poor thieves for stealing of your pelf,And suffer none to rob you, but myself.
The king commanded me to help reform ye,And how I'll do't, Miss ---- shall inform ye.I keep the best seraglio in the nation,And hope in time to bring it into fashion;No brimstone whore need fear the lash from me,That part I'll leave to Brother Jefferey:Our gallants need not go abroad to Rome,I'll keep a whoring jubilee at home;Whoring's the darling of my inclination;An't I a magistrate for reformation?For this my praise is sung by ev'ry bard,For which Bridewell wou'd be a just reward.In print my panegyric fills the street,And hired gaol-birds their huzzas repeat;Some charities contriv'd to make a show,Have taught the needy rabble to do so;Whose empty noise is a mechanic fame,Since for Sir Beelzebub they'd do the same.
Words in this poem 25
- needful a.
- Full of need; in need or want; needy; distressing.
- graced a.
- Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable.
- knave n.
- A boy; especially, a boy servant. Wyclif. [OE., boy, servant, knave, AS. cnafa boy, youth; cf. AS. cnapa boy, youth, D. kna, G. knabe boy, knappe esquire, Icel. knapi, Sw. knape esquire, knäfvel knave.]
- generous a.
- Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [F. généreux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.]
- bountiful a.
- Free in giving; liberal in bestowing gifts and favors.
- obsequious a.
- Promptly obedient, or submissive, to the will of another; compliant; yielding to the desires of another; devoted. [L.obsequiosus, fr. obsequium compliance, fr. obsequi, fr. obsequi: cf. F. obséquieux, See Obsequent, and cf. Obsequy.]
- ingratitude n.
- Want of gratitude; insensibility to, forgetfulness of, or ill return for, kindness or favors received; unthankfulness; ungratefulness. [F. ingratitude, L. ingratitudo. See Ingrate.]
- ghost n.
- The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
- honour n.
- Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
- scurvily adv.
- In a scurvy manner.
- wealth n.
- Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
- fitter n.
- A little piece; a flitter; a flinder.
- saviour n.
- One who saves, preserves, or delivers from destruction or danger. [OE. saveour, OF. salveor, F. sauveur, fr. L. salvator to save. See Save, v.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- nobly adv.
- Of noble extraction; as, nobly born or descended.
- broke v. i.
- To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
- forgery n.
- The act of forging metal into shape. [Cf. F. forgerie.]
- parliament n.
- A parleying; a discussion; a conference. [OE. parlement, F. parlement, fr. parler to speak; cf. LL. parlamentum, parliamentum. See Parley.]
- competence n.
- The state of being competent; fitness; ability; adequacy; power. [Cf. F. compétence, from L. competentia agreement.]
- pelf n.
- Money; riches; lucre; gain; -- generally conveying the idea of something ill-gotten or worthless. It has no plural. [OE. pelfir booty, OF. pelfre, akin to pelfrer to plunder, and perh. to E. pillage. Cf. Pilfer.]
- seraglio n.
- An inclosure; a place of separation. [It. serraglio, originally, an inclosure of palisades, afterwards also, a palace, seraglio (by confusion with Per. sera\'8ba a palace, an entirely different word]
- brimstone n.
- Sulphur; See Sulphur. [OE. brimston, bremston, bernston, brenston; cf. Icel. brennistein. See Burn, v. t., and Stone.]
- whore n.
- A woman who practices unlawful sexual commerce with men, especially one who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a harlot. Wyclif. [OE. hore, AS. h; akin to D. hoer, hoere, G. hure, OHG. huora, huorra, Icel. h, Dan. hore, Sw. hora, Goth. h an adulterer, AS. h adultery, OHG. huor, and probabl]
- bridewell n.
- A house of correction for the confinement of disorderly persons; -- so called from a hospital built in 1553 near St. Bride's (or Bridget's) well, in London, which was subsequently a penal workhouse.
- beelzebub n.
- The title of a heathen deity to whom the Jews ascribed the sovereignty of the evil spirits; hence, the Devil or a devil. See Baal.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
His Fine Speech, &c. is in the public domain. This text is taken from The True-Born Englishman: A Satire, Project Gutenberg ebook #30159; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Daniel Defoe, His Fine Speech, &c., in The True-Born Englishman (1701), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #30159, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/defoe-true-born-englishman/his-fine-speech.html, id L27566.
Form and metre
His Fine Speech, &c. is 127 lines in 14 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 69% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%).
See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 --AABB breeches · riches · marketA · yetA · prideB · rideB
- 2 AABBCCDDCC ploughA · nowA · takeB · makeB · meC · meC · prepareD · careD · meC · meC
- 3 AABBCCDD cameA · fameA · boyB · enjoyB · entertain'dC · contain'dC · riseD · skiesD
- 4 AABB--AACCDDEE mindA · inclin'dA · ledB · breadB · to · so · design'dA · kindA · freeC · meC · fateD · greatD · himE · himE
- 5 AAAABB onA · ownA · beginA · inA · pursu'dB · ingratitudeB
- 6 --AA---- guilt · commit · ghostA · mostA · this · confess · forgiv'n · heaven
- 7 AABB--CC o'erthrewA · trueA · careB · prepareB · upon · own · chargeC · largeC
- 8 AA--BB foolA · schoolA · hand · trepann'd · foundB · poundB
- 9 AABBCC------ fameA · nameA · advanceB · inheritanceB · beganC · jonathanC · loth · oath · quality · me · content · government
- 10 AABBCC strangeA · changeA · knewB · pursueB · poundC · foundC
- 11 AABBCCCDD bringA · kingA · boldB · goldB · bentC · governmentC · parliamentC · climbD · crimeD
- 12 ----AA face · brass · do · so · skillA · billA
- 13 --AA----BB honours · donors · peopleA · wellA · city · banditti · declare · war · pelfB · myselfB
- 14 AAB-A-CCBB--DDEEFF yeA · yeA · nationB · fashion · meA · jefferey · romeC · homeC · inclinationB · reformationB · bard · reward · streetD · repeatD · showE · soE · fameF · sameF
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| With clouted iron shoes, and sheep-skin breeches, | 11 | ·/˘/˘····/˘ |
| More rags than manners, and more dirt than riches, | 11 | ···/˘····/˘ |
| From driving cows and calves to Leyton market, | 11 | ·/˘······/˘ |
| While of my greatness there appear'd no spark yet, | 11 | ···/˘·˘/··· |
| Behold I come to let you see the pride, | 10 | ˘/········ |
| With which exalted beggars always ride. | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘/·· |
| Born to the needful labours of the plough, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| The cart-whip graced me, as the chain does now. | 10 | ·········· |
| Nature and fate in doubt what course to take, | 10 | /˘········ |
| Whether I should a lord or plough-boy make; | 10 | ·········· |
| Kindly at last resolv'd they would promote me, | 11 | /˘··˘/··˘/· |
| And first a knave, and then a knight they vote me. | 11 | ··········· |
| What fate appointed, nature did prepare, | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘·˘/ |
| And furnish'd me with an exceeding care, | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| To fit me for what they design'd to have me; | 11 | ······˘/··· |
| And every gift but honesty they gave me. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| And thus equipp'd, to this proud town I came, | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| In quest of bread, and not in quest of fame. | 10 | ·········· |
| Blind to my future fate, an humble boy, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Free from the guilt and glory I enjoy. | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| The hopes which my ambition entertain'd, | 10 | ····˘/˘·˘/ |
| Where in the name of foot-boy, all contain'd. | 10 | ········˘/ |
| The greatest heights from small beginnings rise; | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| The gods were great on earth, before they reach'd the skies. | 12 | ············ |
| Backwell, the generous temper of whose mind, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Was always to be bountiful inclin'd: | 10 | ·/˘··/˘˘˘/ |
| Whether by his ill fate or fancy led, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| First took me up, and furnish'd me with bread: | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| The little services he put me to, | 10 | ·/˘/˘˘···· |
| Seem'd labours, rather than were truly so. | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| But always my advancement he design'd; | 10 | ·/··˘/˘·˘/ |
| For 'twas his very nature to be kind: | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Large was his soul, his temper ever free; | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| The best of masters and of men to me: | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And I who was before decreed by fate, | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| To be made infamous as well as great, | 10 | ···/˘˘···· |
| With an obsequious diligence obey'd him, | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘˘/· |
| Till trusted with his all, and then betray'd him. | 11 | ·/˘·····˘/· |
| All his past kindnesses I trampled on, | 10 | ···/˘˘·/˘· |
| Ruin'd his fortunes to erect my own: | 10 | /˘·/˘·˘/·· |
| So vipers in the bosom bred begin, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| To hiss at that hand first which took them in; | 10 | ·········· |
| With eager treach'ry I his fall pursu'd, | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| And my first trophies were ingratitude. | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘˘ |
| Ingratitude's the worst of human guilt, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| The basest action mankind can commit; | 10 | ···/˘//·˘/ |
| Which, like the sin against the Holy Ghost, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Has least of honour, and of guilt the most; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Distinguished from all other crimes by this, | 10 | ˘/˘··/˘··· |
| That 'tis a crime which no man will confess; | 10 | ········˘/ |
| That sin alone, which should not be forgiv'n | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| On earth, altho' perhaps it may in heaven. | 11 | ··˘/˘/···/˘ |
| Thus my first benefactor I o'erthrew; | 10 | ···/˘·˘··· |
| And how shou'd I be to a second true? | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| The public trust came next into my care, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| And I to use them scurvily prepare: | 10 | ·····/˘˘˘/ |
| My needy sov'reign lord I play'd upon, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| And lent him many a thousand of his own; | 10 | ···/·/˘··· |
| For which great interest I took care to charge, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And so my ill-got wealth became so large. | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| My predecessor Judas was a fool, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘··· |
| Fitter to have been whipt and sent to school, | 10 | /˘········ |
| Than sell a Saviour: had I been at hand, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| His Master had not been so cheap trepann'd; | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| I would have made the eager Jews have found, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| For thirty pieces, thirty thousand pound. | 10 | ·/˘/˘/˘/˘· |
| My cousin Ziba, of immortal fame, | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| (Ziba and I shall never want a name:) | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| First-born of treason, nobly did advance | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| His Master's fall, for his inheritance: | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘˘ |
| By whose keen arts old David first began | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| To break his sacred oath to Jonathan: | 10 | ···/˘··/˘˘ |
| The good old king 'tis thought was very loth | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| To break his word, and therefore broke his oath. | 10 | ·········· |
| Ziba's a traitor of some quality, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘˘ |
| Yet Ziba might have been inform'd by me: | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| Had I been there, he ne'er had been content | 10 | ········/˘ |
| With half th' estate, nor half the government. | 10 | ··˘/···/˘˘ |
| In our late revolution 'twas thought strange, | 10 | ·/··˘/˘··· |
| That I of all mankind should like the change, | 10 | ····//···· |
| But they who wonder'd at it never knew, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| That in it I did my old game pursue: | 10 | ········˘/ |
| Nor had they heard of twenty thousand pound, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Which ne'er was lost, yet never could be found. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Thus all things in their turn to sale I bring, | 10 | ·········· |
| God and my master first, and then the king; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Till by successful villanies made bold, | 10 | ··˘/˘˘/˘·· |
| I thought to turn the nation into gold; | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| And so to forgery my hand I bent, | 10 | ···/˘˘···· |
| Not doubting I could gull the Government; | 10 | ·/˘····/˘˘ |
| But there was ruffl'd by the Parliament. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘˘ |
| And if I 'scaped th' unhappy tree to climb, | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| 'Twas want of law, and not for want of crime; | 10 | ·········· |
| But my old friend, who printed in my face | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| A needful competence of English brass; | 10 | ·/˘/˘˘·/˘· |
| Having more business yet for me to do, | 10 | /˘·/˘····· |
| And loth to lose his trusty servant so, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Managed the matter with such art and skill, | 10 | /˘·/˘····· |
| As sav'd his hero, and threw out the Bill. | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And now I'm grac'd with unexpected honours, | 11 | ······˘/˘/˘ |
| For which I'll certainly abuse the donors: | 11 | ···/˘˘˘/·/˘ |
| Knighted, and made a tribune of the people, | 11 | /˘···/˘··/˘ |
| Whose laws and properties I'm like to keep well: | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| The custos rotulorum of the city, | 11 | ·/˘······/˘ |
| And captain of the guards of their banditti. | 11 | ·/˘········ |
| Surrounded by my catchpoles, I declare | 10 | ˘/˘·····˘/ |
| Against the needy debtor open war. | 10 | ···/˘/˘/˘· |
| I hang poor thieves for stealing of your pelf, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| And suffer none to rob you, but myself. | 10 | ·/˘······/ |
| The king commanded me to help reform ye, | 11 | ··˘/˘···˘/· |
| And how I'll do't, Miss ---- shall inform ye. | 9 | ······˘/· |
| I keep the best seraglio in the nation, | 11 | ····˘/˘··/˘ |
| And hope in time to bring it into fashion; | 11 | ·········/˘ |
| No brimstone whore need fear the lash from me, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| That part I'll leave to Brother Jefferey: | 10 | ·····/˘/˘˘ |
| Our gallants need not go abroad to Rome, | 10 | //˘···˘/·· |
| I'll keep a whoring jubilee at home; | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Whoring's the darling of my inclination; | 11 | ···/˘···˘/˘ |
| An't I a magistrate for reformation? | 11 | ···/˘···˘/˘ |
| For this my praise is sung by ev'ry bard, | 10 | ·········· |
| For which Bridewell wou'd be a just reward. | 10 | ··/˘····˘/ |
| In print my panegyric fills the street, | 10 | ·········· |
| And hired gaol-birds their huzzas repeat; | 10 | ·/˘·····˘/ |
| Some charities contriv'd to make a show, | 10 | ·/˘˘˘/···· |
| Have taught the needy rabble to do so; | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Whose empty noise is a mechanic fame, | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| Since for Sir Beelzebub they'd do the same. | 11 | ···˘/˘˘···· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.