Britannia

Daniel Defoe (1660–1731) · 1701

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 171 lines · from The True-Born Englishman

The fame of virtue 'tis for which I sound,And heroes with immortal triumphs crown'd;Fame built on solid virtue swifter flies,Than morning light can spread the eastern skies:The gath'ring air returns the doubling sound;And loud repeating thunders force it round;Echoes return from caverns of the deep,Old Chaos dreams on't in eternal sleep:Time hands it forward to its latest urn,From whence it never, never shall return:Nothing is heard so far, or lasts so long,'Tis heard by ev'ry ear, and spoke by every tongue.

My hero, with the sails of honour furl'd,Rises like the great genius of the world;By fate and fame wisely prepared to beThe soul of war and life of victory;He spreads the wings of virtue on the throne,And ev'ry wind of glory fans them on;Immortal trophies dwell upon his brow,Fresh as the garlands he has won but now.

By different steps the high ascent he gains,And differently that high ascent maintains:Princes for pride and lust of rule make war,And struggle for the name of conqueror;Some fight for fame, and some for victory,He fights to save, and conquers to set free.

Then seek no phrase his titles to conceal,And hide with words what actions must reveal;No parallel from Hebrew stories take,Of godlike kings my similies to make;No borrowed names conceal my living theme,But names and things directly I proclaim;His honest merit does his glory raise,Whom that exalts let no man fear to praise;Of such a subject no man need be shy,Virtue's above the reach of flattery;He needs no character but his own fame,Nor any flattering titles but his own name.

William's the name that's spoke by every tongue,William's the darling subject of my song;Listen, ye virgins, to the charming sound,And in eternal dances hand it round;Your early offerings to this altar bring,Make him at once a lover and a king;May he submit to none but to your arms,Nor ever be subdued, but by your charms;May your soft thoughts for him be all sublime,And ev'ry tender vow be made for him;May he be first in ev'ry morning thought,And heav'n ne'er hear a prayer where he's left out;May every omen, every boding dream,Be fortunate by mentioning his name;May this one charm infernal powers affright,And guard you from the terror of the night;May ev'ry cheerful glass as it goes downTo William's health, be cordials to your own:Let ev'ry song be chorust with his name,And music pay her tribute to his fame;Let ev'ry poet tune his artful verse,And in immortal strains his deeds rehearse:And may Apollo never more inspireThe disobedient bard with his seraphic fireMay all my sons their grateful homage pay,His praises sing, and for his safety pray.

Satire, return to our unthankful isle,Secured by heaven's regards, and William's toil:To both ungrateful, and to both untrue,Rebels to God, and to good nature too.

If e'er this nation be distress'd again,To whomsoe'er they cry, they'll cry in vain;To heav'n they cannot have the face to look,Or, if they should, it would but heav'n provoke;To hope for help from man would be too much,Mankind would always tell 'em of the Dutch:How they came here our freedoms to maintain,Were paid, and cursed, and hurried home again;How by their aid we first dissolved our fears,And then our helpers damn'd for foreigners:'Tis not our English temper to do better,For Englishmen think ev'ry one their debtor.

'Tis worth observing, that we ne'er complain'dOf foreigners, nor of the wealth we gain'd,Till all their services were at an end:Wise men affirm it is the English way,Never to grumble till they come to pay;And then they always think, their temper's such,The work too little, and the pay too much.

As frighted patients, when they want a cure,Bid any price, and any pain endure:But when the doctor's remedies appear,The cure's too easy, and the price too dear:Great Portland near was banter'd when he strove,For us his master's kindest thoughts to move:We ne'er lampoon'd his conduct, when employ'dKing James's secret councils to divide:Then we caress'd him as the only man,Who could the doubtful oracle explain;The only Hushai, able to repelThe dark designs of our Achitophel:Compared his master's courage to his sense,The ablest statesman, and the bravest prince;On his wise conduct we depended much,And liked him ne'er the worse for being Dutch:Nor was he valued more than he deserved,Freely he ventured, faithfully he served;In all King William's dangers he has shared,In England's quarrels always he appear'd:The revolution first, and then the Boyne,In both, his counsels and his conduct shine;His martial valour Flanders will confess,And France regrets his managing the peace;Faithful to England's interest and her king,The greatest reason of our murmuring:Ten years in English service he appear'd,And gain'd his master's and the world's regard;But 'tis not England's custom to reward,The wars are over, England needs him not;Now he's a Dutchman, and the Lord knows what.

Schonbergh, the ablest soldier of his age,With great Nassau did in our cause engage;Both join'd for England's rescue and defence,The greatest captain and the greatest prince;With what applause his stories did we tell,Stories which Europe's volumes largely swell!We counted him an army in our aid,Where he commanded, no man was afraid;His actions with a constant conquest shine,From Villa Vitiosa to the Rhine;France, Flanders, Germany, his fame confess,And all the world was fond of him but us:Our turn first served, we grudged him the command,Witness the grateful temper of the land.

We blame the King, that he relies too much,On Strangers, Germans, Hugonots, and Dutch;And seldom does his great affairs of state,To English counsellors communicate:The fact might very well be answer'd thus:He had so often been betray'd by us,He must have been a madman to rely,On English gentlemen's fidelity;For, laying other argument aside:This thought might mortify our English pride;That foreigners have faithfully obey'd him,And none but Englishmen have e'er betray'd him:They have our ships and merchants bought and sold,And barter'd English blood for foreign gold;First to the French they sold our Turkey fleet,And injured Talmarsh next at Cameret;The king himself is shelter'd from their snares,Not by his merits, but the crown he wears;Experience tells us 'tis the English way,Their benefactors always to betray.

And, lest examples should be too remote,A modern magistrate of famous note,Shall give you his own history by rote;I'll make it out, deny it he that can,His worship is a true-born Englishman;By all the latitude that empty word,By modern acceptation's understood:The parish books his great descent record,And now he hopes ere long to be a lord;And truly, as things go, it would be pity,But such as he bore office in the city;While robb'ry for burnt-offering he brings,And gives to God what he has stole from kings;Great monuments of charity he raises,And good St. Magnus whistles out his praises;To city jails he grants a jubilee,And hires huzza's from his own mobile.

Lately he wore the golden chain and gown,With which equipp'd he thus harangued the town.

Words in this poem 23
swifter v. t.
To tighten, as slack standing rigging, by bringing the opposite shrouds nearer.
chaos n.
An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning chasm. [L. chaos chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. Chasm.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
lust v. i.
To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
needs adv.
Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]
boding a.
Foreshowing; presaging; ominous.
artful a.
Performed with, or characterized by, art or skill. [From Art.]
seraphic a.
Of or pertaining to a seraph; becoming, or suitable to, a seraph; angelic; sublime; pure; refined. [Cf. F. séraphique.]
isle v. t.
To cause to become an island, or like an island; to surround or encompass; to island.
ungrateful a.
Not grateful; not thankful for favors; making no returns, or making ill return for kindness, attention, etc.; ingrateful. South.
cursed a.
Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.
wealth n.
Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
grumble v. i.
To murmur or mutter with discontent; to make ill-natured complaints in a low voice and a surly manner. [Cf. LG. grummeln, grumman, D. grommelen, grommen, and F. grommeler, of German origin; cf. W. grwm, murmur, grumble, surly. sq. root35. Cf. Grum, Grim.]
oracle v. i.
To utter oracles.
dutchman n.
A native, or one of the people, of Holland. Dutchman's breeches (Bot.), a perennial American herb (Dicentra cucullaria), with peculiar double-spurred flowers. See Illust. of Dicentra.
defence n.
The act of defending, or the state of being defended; protection, as from violence or danger. [F. défense, OF. defense, fem., defens, masc., fr. L. defensa (cf. Fence.]
villa n.
A country seat; a country or suburban residence of some pretensions to elegance. Dryden. [L. villa, LL. also village, dim. of L. vicus a village: cf. It. & F. villa. See Vicinity, and cf. Vill, Village, Villain.]
rote v. t.
To learn or repeat by rote.
stole n.
A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. stall. See Stall.]
hires pron.
Hers; theirs. See Here, pron.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Britannia is in the public domain. This text is taken from The True-Born Englishman: A Satire, Project Gutenberg ebook #30159; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Daniel Defoe, Britannia, in The True-Born Englishman (1701), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #30159, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/defoe-true-born-englishman/britannia.html, id L27565.

Form and metre

Britannia is 171 lines in 13 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 67% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%).

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFF soundA · crown'dA · fliesB · skiesB · soundC · roundC · deepD · sleepD · urnE · returnE · longF · tongueF
  2. 2 AA----BB furl'dA · worldA · be · victory · throne · on · browB · nowB
  3. 3 AA---- gainsA · maintainsA · war · conqueror · victory · free
  4. 4 AABB-CDD--CC concealA · revealA · takeB · makeB · theme · proclaimC · raiseD · praiseD · shy · flattery · fameC · nameC
  5. 5 --AABBCC-----DEE--DDFFGGHH tongue · song · soundA · roundA · bringB · kingB · armsC · charmsC · sublime · him · thought · out · dream · nameD · affrightE · nightE · down · own · nameD · fameD · verseF · rehearseF · inspireG · fireG · payH · prayH
  6. 6 --AA isle · toil · untrueA · tooA
  7. 7 AABBCCDDEEFF againA · vainA · lookB · provokeB · muchC · dutchC · maintainD · againD · fearsE · foreignersE · betterF · debtorF
  8. 8 AA-BBCC complain'dA · gain'dA · end · wayB · payB · suchC · muchC
  9. 9 AABB----------CCDD------EE----- cureA · endureA · appearB · dearB · strove · move · employ'd · divide · man · explain · repel · achitophel · sense · prince · muchC · dutchC · deservedD · servedD · shared · appear'd · boyne · shine · confess · peace · kingE · murmuringE · appear'd · regard · reward · not · what
  10. 10 AABBCCDDEEFFGG ageA · engageA · defenceB · princeB · tellC · swellC · aidD · afraidD · shineE · rhineE · confessF · usF · commandG · landG
  11. 11 AABBCC--DDEEFF--GGHH muchA · dutchA · stateB · communicateB · thusC · usC · rely · fidelity · asideD · prideD · himE · himE · soldF · goldF · fleet · cameret · snaresG · wearsG · wayH · betrayH
  12. 12 AAABB--CCDDEEFF-- remoteA · noteA · roteA · canB · englishmanB · word · understood · recordC · lordC · pityD · cityD · bringsE · kingsE · raisesF · praisesF · jubilee · mobile
  13. 13 AA gownA · townA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
The fame of virtue 'tis for which I sound,10···/˘·····
And heroes with immortal triumphs crown'd;10·/˘·˘/˘/˘·
Fame built on solid virtue swifter flies,10···/˘/˘/˘·
Than morning light can spread the eastern skies:10·/˘····/˘·
The gath'ring air returns the doubling sound;10····˘/·/˘·
And loud repeating thunders force it round;10··˘/˘/˘···
Echoes return from caverns of the deep,10/˘˘/·/˘···
Old Chaos dreams on't in eternal sleep:10·/˘···˘/˘·
Time hands it forward to its latest urn,10···/˘··/˘·
From whence it never, never shall return:10···/˘/˘·˘/
Nothing is heard so far, or lasts so long,10/˘········
'Tis heard by ev'ry ear, and spoke by every tongue.12·········/˘·
My hero, with the sails of honour furl'd,10·/˘····/˘·
Rises like the great genius of the world;10/˘···/˘···
By fate and fame wisely prepared to be10····/˘˘/··
The soul of war and life of victory;10·······/˘˘
He spreads the wings of virtue on the throne,10·····/˘···
And ev'ry wind of glory fans them on;10·····/˘···
Immortal trophies dwell upon his brow,10˘/˘/˘·····
Fresh as the garlands he has won but now.10···/˘·····
By different steps the high ascent he gains,10·/˘···˘/··
And differently that high ascent maintains:10·/˘˘··˘/˘/
Princes for pride and lust of rule make war,10/˘········
And struggle for the name of conqueror;10·/˘····/˘˘
Some fight for fame, and some for victory,10·······/˘˘
He fights to save, and conquers to set free.10·····/˘···
Then seek no phrase his titles to conceal,10·····/˘·˘/
And hide with words what actions must reveal;10·····/˘·˘/
No parallel from Hebrew stories take,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Of godlike kings my similies to make;9·/˘······
No borrowed names conceal my living theme,10·/··˘/·/˘·
But names and things directly I proclaim;10····˘/˘·˘/
His honest merit does his glory raise,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Whom that exalts let no man fear to praise;10··˘/······
Of such a subject no man need be shy,10···˘/·····
Virtue's above the reach of flattery;10/˘·····/˘˘
He needs no character but his own fame,10···/˘˘····
Nor any flattering titles but his own name.11·/˘/˘/˘····
William's the name that's spoke by every tongue,10/˘·····/˘·
William's the darling subject of my song;10/˘·/˘˘/···
Listen, ye virgins, to the charming sound,10/˘·/˘··/˘·
And in eternal dances hand it round;10··˘/˘/˘···
Your early offerings to this altar bring,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Make him at once a lover and a king;10·····/˘···
May he submit to none but to your arms,10··˘/······
Nor ever be subdued, but by your charms;10·/˘·˘/····
May your soft thoughts for him be all sublime,10········˘/
And ev'ry tender vow be made for him;10···/˘·····
May he be first in ev'ry morning thought,10·······/˘·
And heav'n ne'er hear a prayer where he's left out;10··········
May every omen, every boding dream,10·/˘/˘/˘/˘·
Be fortunate by mentioning his name;10·/˘˘·/˘˘··
May this one charm infernal powers affright,10····˘/˘/˘/
And guard you from the terror of the night;10·····/˘···
May ev'ry cheerful glass as it goes down10···/˘·····
To William's health, be cordials to your own:10·/˘··/˘···
Let ev'ry song be chorust with his name,10··········
And music pay her tribute to his fame;10·/˘··/˘···
Let ev'ry poet tune his artful verse,10···/˘··/˘·
And in immortal strains his deeds rehearse:10··˘/˘···˘/
And may Apollo never more inspire10··˘/˘/˘·˘/
The disobedient bard with his seraphic fire12··˘/˘······/
May all my sons their grateful homage pay,10·····/˘/˘·
His praises sing, and for his safety pray.10·/˘····/˘·
Satire, return to our unthankful isle,10/˘˘/·/····
Secured by heaven's regards, and William's toil:11˘/·/˘˘/·/˘·
To both ungrateful, and to both untrue,10··˘/˘···˘/
Rebels to God, and to good nature too.10˘/·····/˘·
If e'er this nation be distress'd again,10···/˘·˘/˘/
To whomsoe'er they cry, they'll cry in vain;9·········
To heav'n they cannot have the face to look,10···/˘·····
Or, if they should, it would but heav'n provoke;10········˘/
To hope for help from man would be too much,10··········
Mankind would always tell 'em of the Dutch:10//·/˘·····
How they came here our freedoms to maintain,10····//˘·˘/
Were paid, and cursed, and hurried home again;10·····/˘·˘/
How by their aid we first dissolved our fears,10······˘//·
And then our helpers damn'd for foreigners:11··/˘/˘··/˘˘
'Tis not our English temper to do better,11··//˘/˘··/˘
For Englishmen think ev'ry one their debtor.11··/˘·····/˘
'Tis worth observing, that we ne'er complain'd10··˘/˘···˘/
Of foreigners, nor of the wealth we gain'd,10·/˘˘······
Till all their services were at an end:10···/˘˘····
Wise men affirm it is the English way,10··˘/···/˘·
Never to grumble till they come to pay;10/˘·/˘·····
And then they always think, their temper's such,10···/···/˘·
The work too little, and the pay too much.10···/˘·····
As frighted patients, when they want a cure,10·/˘/˘·····
Bid any price, and any pain endure:10·/˘··/˘·˘/
But when the doctor's remedies appear,10···/˘/˘˘˘/
The cure's too easy, and the price too dear:10···/˘·····
Great Portland near was banter'd when he strove,10·/˘··/˘···
For us his master's kindest thoughts to move:10···/˘/˘···
We ne'er lampoon'd his conduct, when employ'd10··˘/·/˘·˘/
King James's secret councils to divide:10·/˘/˘/˘·˘/
Then we caress'd him as the only man,10··˘/···/˘·
Who could the doubtful oracle explain;10···/˘/˘˘˘/
The only Hushai, able to repel10·/˘··/˘·˘/
The dark designs of our Achitophel:10··˘/·/····
Compared his master's courage to his sense,10˘/·/˘/˘···
The ablest statesman, and the bravest prince;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
On his wise conduct we depended much,10···/˘·˘/˘·
And liked him ne'er the worse for being Dutch:10·······/˘·
Nor was he valued more than he deserved,10···/˘···˘/
Freely he ventured, faithfully he served;10/˘·/˘/˘˘··
In all King William's dangers he has shared,10···/˘/˘···
In England's quarrels always he appear'd:10·/˘/˘/··˘/
The revolution first, and then the Boyne,10··˘/˘·····
In both, his counsels and his conduct shine;10···/˘··/˘·
His martial valour Flanders will confess,10·/˘/˘/˘·˘/
And France regrets his managing the peace;10··˘/·/˘˘··
Faithful to England's interest and her king,10/˘·/˘/˘···
The greatest reason of our murmuring:11·/˘/˘·/˘/˘˘
Ten years in English service he appear'd,10···/˘/˘·˘/
And gain'd his master's and the world's regard;10···/˘···˘/
But 'tis not England's custom to reward,10···/˘/˘·˘/
The wars are over, England needs him not;10·····/˘···
Now he's a Dutchman, and the Lord knows what.10···/˘·····
Schonbergh, the ablest soldier of his age,10···/˘/˘···
With great Nassau did in our cause engage;10··/˘··/·˘/
Both join'd for England's rescue and defence,10···/˘/˘·˘/
The greatest captain and the greatest prince;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
With what applause his stories did we tell,10··˘/·/˘···
Stories which Europe's volumes largely swell!10/˘·/˘/˘/˘·
We counted him an army in our aid,10·/˘··/˘·/·
Where he commanded, no man was afraid;10··˘/˘···˘/
His actions with a constant conquest shine,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
From Villa Vitiosa to the Rhine;9·/˘······
France, Flanders, Germany, his fame confess,10·/˘/˘˘··˘/
And all the world was fond of him but us:10··········
Our turn first served, we grudged him the command,10/·······˘/
Witness the grateful temper of the land.10/˘·/˘/˘···
We blame the King, that he relies too much,10······˘/··
On Strangers, Germans, Hugonots, and Dutch;10·/˘/˘·····
And seldom does his great affairs of state,10·/˘···˘/··
To English counsellors communicate:10·/˘/˘˘˘/˘·
The fact might very well be answer'd thus:10···/˘··/˘·
He had so often been betray'd by us,10···/˘·˘/··
He must have been a madman to rely,10·····/··˘/
On English gentlemen's fidelity;10·/˘/˘·˘/˘˘
For, laying other argument aside:10·/˘/˘/˘˘˘/
This thought might mortify our English pride;10···/˘·//˘·
That foreigners have faithfully obey'd him,10·/˘·/˘˘˘/·
And none but Englishmen have e'er betray'd him:11····/˘··˘/·
They have our ships and merchants bought and sold,10··/··/˘···
And barter'd English blood for foreign gold;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
First to the French they sold our Turkey fleet,10······//˘·
And injured Talmarsh next at Cameret;10·/˘·······
The king himself is shelter'd from their snares,10··˘/·/˘···
Not by his merits, but the crown he wears;10···/˘·····
Experience tells us 'tis the English way,10˘/˘····/˘·
Their benefactors always to betray.10·/˘·˘/··˘/
And, lest examples should be too remote,10··˘/˘···˘/
A modern magistrate of famous note,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Shall give you his own history by rote;10·····/˘˘··
I'll make it out, deny it he that can,10····˘/····
His worship is a true-born Englishman;10·/˘····/˘˘
By all the latitude that empty word,10···/˘··/˘·
By modern acceptation's understood:10·/˘·····˘/
The parish books his great descent record,10·/˘···˘/˘/
And now he hopes ere long to be a lord;10··········
And truly, as things go, it would be pity,11·/˘······/˘
But such as he bore office in the city;11·····/˘··/˘
While robb'ry for burnt-offering he brings,10·····/˘˘··
And gives to God what he has stole from kings;10··········
Great monuments of charity he raises,11·/˘˘·/˘˘·/˘
And good St. Magnus whistles out his praises;11···/˘/˘··/˘
To city jails he grants a jubilee,10·/˘····/˘·
And hires huzza's from his own mobile.10·/˘·····/˘
Lately he wore the golden chain and gown,10/˘···/˘···
With which equipp'd he thus harangued the town.10··˘/··˘/··

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