So in the Essay of Man
"The spider's touch, how exquisitely fine,Feels at each thread, and lives along the line."
"Heere Sense's apprehension, end doth take;As when a stone is into water cast,One circle doth another circle make,Till the last circle touch the banke at last."
When their reasons eye was sharpe and cleare,And (as an eagle can behold the sunne)Could haue approcht th' Eternall Light as neare,As the intellectuall angels could haue done:
Euen then to them the Spirit of Lyes suggestsThat they were blind, because they saw not ill;And breathes into their incorrupted brestsA curious wish, which did corrupt their will.
We study Speech but others we perswade;We leech-craft learne, but others cure with it;We interpret lawes, which other men haue made,But reade not those which in our hearts are writ.
Is it because the minde is like the eye,Through which it gathers knowledge by degrees--Whose rayes reflect not, but spread outwardly:Not seeing it selfe when other things it sees?
No, doubtlesse; for the mind can backward castVpon her selfe, her vnderstanding light;But she is so corrupt, and so defac't,As her owne image doth her selfe affright.
As in the fable of the Lady faire,Which for her lust was turnd into a cow;When thirstie to a streame she did repaire,And saw her selfe transform'd she wist not how:
At first she startles, then she stands amaz'd,At last with terror she from thence doth flye;And loathes the watry glasse wherein she gaz'd,And shunnes it still, though she for thirst doe die:
Euen so Man's Soule which did God's image beare,And was at first faire, good, and spotlesse pure;Since with her sinnes her beauties blotted were,Doth of all sights her owne sight least endure:
For euen at first reflection she espies,Such strange chimeraes, and such monsters there;Such toyes, such antikes, and such vanities,As she retires, and shrinkes for shame and feare.
And as the man loues least at home to bee,That hath a sluttish house haunted with spirits;So she impatient her owne faults to see,Turnes from her selfe and in strange things delites.
For this few know themselues: for merchants brokeView their estate with discontent and paine;And seas are troubled, when they doe reuokeTheir flowing waues into themselues againe.
Then as a bee which among weeds doth fall,Which seeme sweet flowers, with lustre fresh and gay;She lights on that, and this, and tasteth all,But pleasd with none, doth rise, and soare away;
So, when the Soule finds here no true content,And, like Noah's doue, can no sure footing take;She doth returne from whence she first was sent,And flies to Him that first her wings did make. (p. 87)
Earley, cheerfull, mounting Larke,Light's gentle vsher, Morning's clark,In merry notes delighting;Stint awhile thy song, and harke,And learn my new inditing.
Beare vp this hymne, to heau'n it beare,Euen vp to heau'n, and sing it there,To heau'n each morning beare it;Haue it set to some sweet sphere,And let the Angels heare it.Renownd Astræa, that great name,Exceeding great in worth and fame,Great worth hath so renownd it;It is Astræa's name I praise,Now then, sweet Larke, do thou it raise,And in high Heauen resound it.
Eye of the Garden, Queene of flowres,Love's cup wherein he nectar powres,Ingendered first of nectar;Sweet nurse-child of the Spring's young howres,And Beautie's faire character.
Best iewell that the Earth doth weare,Euen when the braue young sunne draws neare,To her hot Loue pretending;Himselfe likewise like forme doth beare,At rising and descending.
Rose of the Queene of Loue belou'd;England's great Kings diuinely mou'd,Gave Roses in their banner;It shewed that Beautie's Rose indeed,Now in this age should them succeed,And raigne in more sweet manner.
Enuy, goe weepe; my Muse and ILaugh thee to scorne; thy feeble eyeIs dazeled with the gloryShining in this gay poesie,And little golden story.
Behold how my proud quill doth shedEternall nectar on her head;The pompe of coronationHath not such power her fame to spread,As this my admiration.
Respect my pen as free and frankeExpecting not reward nor thanke,Great wonder onely moues it;I never made it mercenary,Nor should my Muse this burthen carrieAs hyr'd, but that she loues it.
------"his delightsWere dolphin-like; they show'd his tack aboveThe element they lived in." (v. 2.)
"Thus doth it equall age with age inioy,And yet in lustie youth for euer flowers;Like loue his sire, whom Paynters make a boy,Yet is the eldest of the heau'nly powers;Or like his brother Time, whose wingèd howersGoing and comming will not let him dye,But still preserve him in his infancie."
That is 'brilliant' but this is 'great,' indeed magnificent, of theSea:--
"Loe the Sea that fleets about the Land,And like a girdle clips her solide waist,Musicke and measure both doth vnderstand;For his great chrystall eye is always castVp to the Moone, and on her fixèd fast;And as she daunceth in her pallid spheere,So daunceth he about her Center heere." (p. 179.)
"Still as a slave before his lord,The ocean hath no blast;His great bright eye most silentlyUp to the Moon is cast--If he may know which way to go;For she guides him smooth or grim.See, brother, see! how graciouslyShe looketh down on him."(Pt. VI.)
Words in this poem
- exquisitely adv.
- In an exquisite manner or degree; as, lace exquisitely wrought.
- eternall a.
- Without beginning or end of existence; always existing. [F. éternel, L. aeternalis, fr. aeternus. See Etern.]
- intellectuall a.
- Belonging to, or performed by, the intellect; mental; as, intellectual powers, activities, etc. [L. intellectualis: cf. F. intellectuel.]
- curious a.
- Difficult to please or satisfy; solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous; nice; exact. [OF. curios, curius, F. curieux, L. curiosus careful, inquisitive, fr. cura care. See Cure.]
- lust v. i.
- To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
- haunted a.
- Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost.
- broke v. i.
- To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
- lustre n.
- A period of five years; a lustrum. [L. lustrum: cf. F. lustre.]
- cheerfull a.
- Having or showing good spirits or joy; cheering; cheery; contented; happy; joyful; lively; animated; willing.
- awhile adv.
- For a while; for some time; for a short time. [Adj. a + while time, interval.]
- coronation n.
- The act or solemnity of crowning a sovereign; the act of investing a prince with the insignia of royalty, on his succeeding to the sovereignty. [See Coronate.]
- admiration n.
- Wonder; astonishment. [F., fr. L. admiratio. See Admire.]
- sire n.
- A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
- graciously adv.
- In a gracious manner; courteously; benignantly.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
So in the Essay of Man is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Complete Poems of Sir John Davies. Volume 1 of 2., Project Gutenberg ebook #44977; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: John Davies, So in the Essay of Man, in The Complete Poems, Volume I (1596–1599), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #44977, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/davies-poems/so-in-the-essay-of-man.html, id L08726.
Form and metre
So in the Essay of Man is 134 lines in 28 stanzas. The commonest rhyme scheme is ABAB, in 7 of the 28 stanzas; the rest vary or could not be confirmed. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 88%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.8 syllables. 27 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 14% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AA fineA · lineA
- 2 ABAB takeA · castB · makeA · lastB
- 3 ABAB cleareA · sunneB · neareA · doneB
- 4 -A-A suggests · illA · brests · willA
- 5 ABAB perswadeA · itB · madeA · writB
- 6 -A-A eye · degreesA · outwardly · seesA
- 7 -A-A cast · lightA · defac't · affrightA
- 8 ABAB faireA · cowB · repaireA · howB
- 9 ABAB amaz'dA · flyeB · gaz'dA · dieB
- 10 -A-A beare · pureA · were · endureA
- 12 A-A- beeA · spirits · seeA · delites
- 13 ABAB brokeA · paineB · reuokeA · againeB
- 14 ABAB fallA · gayB · allA · awayB
- 15 A-A- contentA · take · sentA · —
- 16 AABAB larkeA · clarkA · delightingB · harkeA · inditingB
- 17 AABABCCBDDB beareA · thereA · itB · sphereA · itB · nameC · fameC · itB · praiseD · raiseD · itB
- 18 AA-A- flowresA · powresA · nectar · howresA · character
- 19 AABAB weareA · neareA · pretendingB · beareA · descendingB
- 20 AABCCB belou'dA · mou'dA · bannerB · indeedC · succeedC · mannerB
- 21 AAB-B iA · eyeA · gloryB · poesie · storyB
- 22 AABAB shedA · headA · coronationB · spreadA · admirationB
- 23 AABCCB frankeA · thankeA · itB · mercenaryC · carrieC · itB
- 25 -A-AA-- inioy · flowersA · boy · powersA · howersA · dye · infancie
- 26 AA theA · seaA
- 27 A-ABB-- landA · waist · vnderstandA · castB · fastB · spheere · —
- 28 -A-A-B-B- lord · blastA · silently · castA · go · grimB · graciously · himB · vi
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| "The spider's touch, how exquisitely fine, | 10 | ·/˘···/˘˘· |
| Feels at each thread, and lives along the line." | 10 | ······˘/·· |
| "Heere Sense's apprehension, end doth take; | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘··· |
| As when a stone is into water cast, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| One circle doth another circle make, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘/˘· |
| Till the last circle touch the banke at last." | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| When their reasons eye was sharpe and cleare, | 9 | ··/˘····· |
| And (as an eagle can behold the sunne) | 10 | ···/˘·˘/·· |
| Could haue approcht th' Eternall Light as neare, | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| As the intellectuall angels could haue done: | 11 | ···˘/˘/˘··· |
| Euen then to them the Spirit of Lyes suggests | 10 | ·····/··˘/ |
| That they were blind, because they saw not ill; | 10 | ·········· |
| And breathes into their incorrupted brests | 10 | ·····/˘˘˘· |
| A curious wish, which did corrupt their will. | 10 | ·/˘···˘/·· |
| We study Speech but others we perswade; | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| We leech-craft learne, but others cure with it; | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| We interpret lawes, which other men haue made, | 11 | ·˘/˘··/˘··· |
| But reade not those which in our hearts are writ. | 10 | ······/··· |
| Is it because the minde is like the eye, | 10 | ·········· |
| Through which it gathers knowledge by degrees-- | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| Whose rayes reflect not, but spread outwardly: | 10 | ··˘/···/˘˘ |
| Not seeing it selfe when other things it sees? | 10 | ·/···/˘··· |
| No, doubtlesse; for the mind can backward cast | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Vpon her selfe, her vnderstanding light; | 8 | ········ |
| But she is so corrupt, and so defac't, | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| As her owne image doth her selfe affright. | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| As in the fable of the Lady faire, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Which for her lust was turnd into a cow; | 10 | ·········· |
| When thirstie to a streame she did repaire, | 10 | ·········· |
| And saw her selfe transform'd she wist not how: | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| At first she startles, then she stands amaz'd, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| At last with terror she from thence doth flye; | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And loathes the watry glasse wherein she gaz'd, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And shunnes it still, though she for thirst doe die: | 10 | ·········· |
| Euen so Man's Soule which did God's image beare, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And was at first faire, good, and spotlesse pure; | 10 | ·········· |
| Since with her sinnes her beauties blotted were, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Doth of all sights her owne sight least endure: | 10 | ········˘/ |
| For euen at first reflection she espies, | 10 | ····˘/˘·/˘ |
| Such strange chimeraes, and such monsters there; | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Such toyes, such antikes, and such vanities, | 10 | ·······/˘˘ |
| As she retires, and shrinkes for shame and feare. | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| And as the man loues least at home to bee, | 10 | ·········· |
| That hath a sluttish house haunted with spirits; | 11 | ···/˘·/˘·/˘ |
| So she impatient her owne faults to see, | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Turnes from her selfe and in strange things delites. | 10 | ·········· |
| For this few know themselues: for merchants broke | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| View their estate with discontent and paine; | 10 | ··˘/·˘˘/·· |
| And seas are troubled, when they doe reuoke | 10 | ···/˘˘···· |
| Their flowing waues into themselues againe. | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Then as a bee which among weeds doth fall, | 10 | ·········· |
| Which seeme sweet flowers, with lustre fresh and gay; | 10 | ···/·/˘··· |
| She lights on that, and this, and tasteth all, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| But pleasd with none, doth rise, and soare away; | 10 | ········˘/ |
| So, when the Soule finds here no true content, | 10 | ········/˘ |
| And, like Noah's doue, can no sure footing take; | 11 | ··/˘····/˘· |
| She doth returne from whence she first was sent, | 10 | ·········· |
| And flies to Him that first her wings did make. (p. 87) | 11 | ··········· |
| Earley, cheerfull, mounting Larke, | 7 | /˘/˘/˘· |
| Light's gentle vsher, Morning's clark, | 7 | ·/˘·/˘· |
| In merry notes delighting; | 7 | ·/˘·˘/˘ |
| Stint awhile thy song, and harke, | 7 | ·˘/···· |
| And learn my new inditing. | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| Beare vp this hymne, to heau'n it beare, | 8 | ········ |
| Euen vp to heau'n, and sing it there, | 8 | ········ |
| To heau'n each morning beare it; | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| Haue it set to some sweet sphere, | 7 | ······· |
| And let the Angels heare it. | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| Renownd Astræa, that great name, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Exceeding great in worth and fame, | 8 | ˘/˘····· |
| Great worth hath so renownd it; | 7 | ······· |
| It is Astræa's name I praise, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Now then, sweet Larke, do thou it raise, | 8 | ········ |
| And in high Heauen resound it. | 7 | ·····/· |
| Eye of the Garden, Queene of flowres, | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| Love's cup wherein he nectar powres, | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| Ingendered first of nectar; | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Sweet nurse-child of the Spring's young howres, | 9 | ·······/˘ |
| And Beautie's faire character. | 7 | ·/˘·/˘˘ |
| Best iewell that the Earth doth weare, | 8 | ········ |
| Euen when the braue young sunne draws neare, | 8 | ········ |
| To her hot Loue pretending; | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| Himselfe likewise like forme doth beare, | 9 | ··/··/˘·· |
| At rising and descending. | 7 | ·/˘·˘/˘ |
| Rose of the Queene of Loue belou'd; | 8 | ········ |
| England's great Kings diuinely mou'd, | 8 | /˘······ |
| Gave Roses in their banner; | 7 | ·/˘··/˘ |
| It shewed that Beautie's Rose indeed, | 9 | ··˘·/˘·˘/ |
| Now in this age should them succeed, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| And raigne in more sweet manner. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Enuy, goe weepe; my Muse and I | 8 | ········ |
| Laugh thee to scorne; thy feeble eye | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Is dazeled with the glory | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| Shining in this gay poesie, | 7 | /˘····· |
| And little golden story. | 7 | ·/˘/˘/˘ |
| Behold how my proud quill doth shed | 8 | ˘/······ |
| Eternall nectar on her head; | 8 | ˘/˘/˘··· |
| The pompe of coronation | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| Hath not such power her fame to spread, | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| As this my admiration. | 7 | ····˘/˘ |
| Respect my pen as free and franke | 8 | ˘/······ |
| Expecting not reward nor thanke, | 8 | ˘/˘·˘/·· |
| Great wonder onely moues it; | 7 | ·/˘/˘·· |
| I never made it mercenary, | 9 | ·/˘··/˘·˘ |
| Nor should my Muse this burthen carrie | 9 | ·····/˘/˘ |
| As hyr'd, but that she loues it. | 7 | ······· |
| ------"his delights | 3 | ·˘/ |
| Were dolphin-like; they show'd his tack above | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| The element they lived in." (v. 2.) | 9 | ·/˘˘··˘·· |
| "Thus doth it equall age with age inioy, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And yet in lustie youth for euer flowers; | 10 | ········/˘ |
| Like loue his sire, whom Paynters make a boy, | 10 | ···/·/˘··· |
| Yet is the eldest of the heau'nly powers; | 11 | ···/˘····/˘ |
| Or like his brother Time, whose wingèd howers | 10 | ···/˘···/˘ |
| Going and comming will not let him dye, | 10 | /˘·/˘····· |
| But still preserve him in his infancie." | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| That is 'brilliant' but this is 'great,' indeed magnificent, of the | 15 | ··/˘····˘/˘/˘·· |
| Sea:-- | 1 | · |
| "Loe the Sea that fleets about the Land, | 9 | ········· |
| And like a girdle clips her solide waist, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Musicke and measure both doth vnderstand; | 9 | ···/˘···· |
| For his great chrystall eye is always cast | 10 | ···/˘··/·· |
| Vp to the Moone, and on her fixèd fast; | 10 | ·········· |
| And as she daunceth in her pallid spheere, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| So daunceth he about her Center heere." (p. 179.) | 11 | ·······/˘·· |
| "Still as a slave before his lord, | 8 | ········ |
| The ocean hath no blast; | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| His great bright eye most silently | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| Up to the Moon is cast-- | 6 | ······ |
| If he may know which way to go; | 8 | ········ |
| For she guides him smooth or grim. | 7 | ······· |
| See, brother, see! how graciously | 8 | ·/˘··/˘˘ |
| She looketh down on him." | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| (Pt. VI.) | 2 | ·· |
Notes from the edition 5
A. B. Grosart's notes to the Complete Poems of Sir John Davies (Project Gutenberg #44977).
- Stanza 2, line 4 Cf. Phineas Fletcher: Purple Island c. v., stanza 47. G.
- Stanza 6, line 1 Misprinted 'It is': corrected by H... G. No, doubtlesse; for the mind can backward cast Vpon her selfe, her vnderstanding light; But she is so corrupt, and so defac't, As her owne image doth her selfe affright. As in the fable of the Lady faire, Which for her lust was turnd into a cow;[80 When thirstie to a streame she did repaire, And saw her selfe transform'd she wist not how: At first she startles, then she stands amaz'd, At last with terror she from thence doth flye; And loathes the watry glasse wherein she gaz'd, And shunnes it still, though she for thirst doe die: Euen so Man's Soule which did God's image beare, And was at first faire, good, and spotlesse pure; Since with her sinnes her beauties blotted were, Doth of all sights her owne sight least endure: For euen at first reflection she espies, Such strange chimeraes, and such monsters there; Such toyes, such antikes, and such vanities, As she retires, and shrinkes for shame and feare.
- Stanza 8, line 2 Io. G. And as the man loues least at home to bee, That hath a sluttish house haunted with spirits;[81 So she impatient her owne faults to see, Turnes from her selfe and in strange things delites. For this few know themselues: for merchants broke View their estate with discontent and paine; And seas are troubled, when they doe reuoke Their flowing waues into themselues againe. And while the face of outward things we find, Pleasing and faire, agreeable and sweet; These things transport, and carry out the mind, That with her selfe her selfe[82] can neuer meet. Yet if Affliction once her warres begin, And threat the feebler Sense with sword and fire; The Minde contracts her selfe and shrinketh in, And to her selfe she gladly doth retire: As Spiders toucht, seek their webs inmost part; As bees in stormes vnto their hiues returne; As bloud in danger gathers to the heart; As men seek towns, when foes the country burn. If ought can teach vs ought, Afflictions lookes, (Making vs looke[83] into our selues so neere,) Teach vs to know our selues beyond all bookes, Or all the learned Schooles that euer were. This mistresse lately pluckt me by the eare, And many a golden lesson hath me taught; Hath made my Senses quicke, and Reason cleare, Reform'd my Will and rectifide my Thought. So doe the winds and thunders cleanse the ayre; So working lees[84] settle and purge the wine; So lop't and prunèd trees doe flourish faire; So doth the fire the drossie gold refine. Neither Minerua nor the learnèd Muse, Nor rules of Art, not precepts of the wise; Could in my braine those beames of skill infuse, As but the glance of this Dame's angry eyes. She within lists[85] my ranging minde hath brought, That now beyond my selfe I list[86] not goe; My selfe am center of my circling thought, Onely my selfe I studie, learne, and know. I know my bodie's of so fraile a kind, As force without, feauers within can kill; I know the heauenly nature of my minde, But 'tis corrupted both in wit and will: I know my Soule hath power to know all things, Yet is she blinde and ignorant in all; I know I am one of Nature's little kings, Yet to the least and vilest things am thrall. I know my life's a paine and but a span, I know my Sense is mockt with euery thing: And to conclude, I know my selfe a MAN, Which is a proud, and yet a wretched< …
- Stanza 12, line 2 In 1599 and 1608 more accurately 'sprites'. G.
- Stanza 19, line 3 = reaching forward. G.
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