The Fifth Decade

Samuel Daniel (1562–1619) · 1592

iambic pentameter · English sonnet · 140 lines · from Delia, with Constable's Diana

Ay me, poor wretch, my prayer is turned to sin!I say, "I love!" My mistress says "'Tis lust!"Thus most we lose where most we seek to win.Wit will make wicked what is ne'er so just.And yet I can supplant her false surmise.Lust is a fire that for an hour or twainGiveth a scorching blaze and then he dies;Love a continual furnace doth maintain.A furnace! Well, this a furnace may be called;For it burns inward, yields a smothering flame,Sighs which, like boiled lead's smoking vapour, scald.I sigh apace at echo of sighs' name.Long have I served; no short blaze is my love.Hid joys there are that maids scorn till they prove.

I do not now complain of my disgrace,O cruel fair one! fair with cruel crost;Nor of the hour, season, time, nor place;Nor of my foil, for any freedom lost;Nor of my courage, by misfortune daunted;Nor of my wit, by overweening struck;Nor of my sense, by any sound enchanted;Nor of the force of fiery-pointed hook;Nor of the steel that sticks within my wound;Nor of my thoughts, by worser thoughts defaced;Nor of the life I labour to confound.But I complain, that being thus disgraced,Fired, feared, frantic, fettered, shot through, slain,My death is such as I may not complain.

If ever sorrow spoke from soul that loves,As speaks a spirit in a man possest,In me her spirit speaks. My soul it moves,Whose sigh-swoll'n words breed whirlwinds in my breast;Or like the echo of a passing bell,Which sounding on the water seems to howl;So rings my heart a fearful heavy knell,And keeps all night in consort with the owl.My cheeks with a thin ice of tears are clad,Mine eyes like morning stars are bleared and red.What resteth then but I be raging mad,To see that she, my cares' chief conduit-head,When all streams else help quench my burning heart,Shuts up her springs and will no grace impart.

You secret vales, you solitary fields,You shores forsaken and you sounding rocks!If ever groaning heart hath made you yield,Or words half spoke that sense in prison locks,Then 'mongst night shadows whisper out my death.That when myself hath sealed my lips from speaking,Each tell-tale echo with a weeping breath,May both record my truth and true love's breaking.You pretty flowers that smile for summer's sake,Pull in your heads before my wat'ry eyesDo turn the meadows to a standing lake,By whose untimely floods your glory dies!For lo, mine heart, resolved to moistening air,Feedeth mine eyes which double tear for tear.

His shadow to Narcissus well presented,How fair he was by such attractive love!So if thou would'st thyself thy beauty prove,Vulgar breath-mirrors might have well contented,And to their prayers eternally consented,Oaths, vows and sighs, if they believe might move;But more thou forc'st, making my pen approveThy praise to all, least any had dissented.When this hath wrought, thou which before wert knownBut unto some, of all art now required,And thine eyes' wonders wronged, because not shownThe world, with daily orisons desired.Thy chaste fair gifts, with learning's breath is blown,And thus my pen hath made thy sweets admired.

I am no model figure, or sign of care,But his eternal heart's-consuming essence,In whom grief's commentaries written are,Drawing gross passion into pure quintessence,Not thine eye's fire, but fire of thine eye's disdain,Fed by neglect of my continual grieving,Attracts the true life's spirit of my pain,And gives it thee, which gives me no relieving.Within thine arms sad elegies I sing;Unto thine eyes a true heart love-torn lay I:Thou smell'st from me the savours sorrows bring;My tears to taste my truth to touch display I.Lo thus each sense, dear fair one, I importune;But being care, thou flyest me as ill fortune.

But being care, thou flyest me as ill fortune;--Care the consuming canker of the mind!The discord that disorders sweet hearts' tune!Th' abortive bastard of a coward mind!The lightfoot lackey that runs post by death,Bearing the letters which contain our end!The busy advocate that sells his breath,Denouncing worst to him, is most his friend!O dear, this care no interest holds in me;But holy care, the guardian of thy fair,Thine honour's champion, and thy virtue's fee,The zeal which thee from barbarous times shall bear,This care am I; this care my life hath taken.Dear to my soul, then leave me not forsaken!

Dear to my soul, then, leave, me not forsaken!Fly not! My heart within thy bosom sleepeth;Even from myself and sense I have betakenMe unto thee for whom my spirit weepeth,And on the shore of that salt teary sea,Couched in a bed of unseen seeming pleasure,Where in imaginary thoughts thy fair self lay;But being waked, robbed of my life's best treasure,I call the heavens, air, earth, and seas to hearMy love, my truth, and black disdained estate,Beating the rocks with bellowings of despair,Which still with plaints my words reverberate,Sighing, "Alas, what shall become of me?"Whilst echo cries, "What shall become of me?"

Whilst echo cries, "What shall become of me?"And desolate, my desolations pity,Thou in thy beauty's carack sitt'st to seeMy tragic downfall, and my funeral ditty.No timbrel, but my heart thou play'st upon,Whose strings are stretched unto the highest key;The diapason, love; love is the unison;In love my life and labours waste away.Only regardless to the world thou leav'st me,Whilst slain hopes, turning from the feast of sorrow,Unto despair, their king, which ne'er deceives me,Captives my heart, whose black night hates the morrow,And he in truth of my distressed cryPlants me a weeping star within mine eye.

Prometheus for stealing living fireFrom heaven's king, was judged eternal death;In self-same flame with unrelenting ireBound fast to Caucasus' low foot beneath.So I, for stealing living beauty's fireInto my verse that it may always live,And change his forms to shapes of my desire,Thou beauty's queen, self sentence like dost give.Bound to thy feet in chains of life I lie;For to thine eyes I never dare aspire;And in thy beauty's brightness do I fry,As poor Prometheus in the scalding fire;Which tears maintain as oil the lamp revives;Only my succour in thy favour lies.

Words in this poem 28
lust v. i.
To list; to like. [AS. lystan. See Lust, n., and cf. List to choose.]
twain a.
Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]
scorching a.
Burning; parching or shriveling with heat.
vapour n.
Any substance in the gaseous, or aëriform, state, the condition of which is ordinarily that of a liquid or solid. [OE. vapour, OF. vapour, vapor, vapeur, F. vapeur, L. vapor; probably for cvapor, and akin to Gr. kvepti to breathe, smell, Russ. kopote fine soot. Cf. Vapid.]
scald v. t.
To burn with hot liquid or steam; to pain or injure by contact with, or imersion in, any hot fluid; as, to scald the hand. [OF. eschalder, eschauder, escauder, F. échauder, fr. L. excaldare; ex + caldus, calidus, warm, hot. See Ex, and Calderon.]
apace adv.
With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily. [Pref. a- + pace. OE. a pas at a walk, in which a is the article. See Pace.]
enchanted a.
Under the power of enchantment; possessed or exercised by enchanters; as, an enchanted castle.
fettered a.
Seeming as if fettered, as the feet pf certain animals which bend backward, and appear unfit for walking.
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
clad v.
To clothe. Holland.
bleared a.
Dimmed, as by a watery humor; affected with rheum.
narcissus n.
A genus of endogenous bulbous plants with handsome flowers, having a cup-shaped crown within the six-lobed perianth, and comprising the daffodils and jonquils of several kinds. [L. narcissus, and (personified) Narcissus, Gr. na`rkissos, Na`rkissos, fr. na`rkh torpor, in allusion to the narcotic properties of the flower. Cf. Narcotic.]
eternally adv.
In an eternal manner.
admired a.
Regarded with wonder and delight; highly prized; as, an admired poem.
quintessence n.
The fifth or last and highest essence or power in a natural body. [F., fr. L. quinta essentia fifth essence. See Quint, and Essence.]
importune a.
Inopportune; unseasonable. [F. importun, L. importunus; pref. im- not + a derivative from the root of portus harbor, importunus therefore orig. meaning, hard of access. See Port harbor, an]
lackey n.
An attending male servant; a footman; a servile follower. [F. laquais; cf. Sp. & Pg. lacayo; of uncertain origin; perh. of German origin, and akin to E.lick, v.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
teary a.
Wet with tears; tearful.
unseen a.
Not seen or discovered.
downfall n.
A sudden fall; a body of things falling.
ditty n.
A saying or utterance; especially, one that is short and frequently repeated; a theme. [OE. dite, OF. ditié, fr. L. dictatum, p. p. neut. of dictare to say often, dictate, compose. See Dictate, v. t.]
timbrel n.
A kind of drum, tabor, or tabret, in use from the highest antiquity. [Dim. of OE. timbre, OF. timbre; probably fr. L. typmanum, Gr. tabl a drum; cf. Per. tambal a drum. See Tympanum, and cf. 2d Timbre, Tymbal.]
diapason n.
The octave, or interval which includes all the tones of the diatonic scale. [L., fr. Gr. i. e., diapason. Cf. Panacea.]
unrelenting a.
Not relenting; unyielding; rigid; hard; stern; cruel.
aspire v. t.
To aspire to; to long for; to try to reach; to mount to.
succour v. t.
tiono run to, or run to support; hence, to help or relieve when in difficulty, want, or distress; to assist and deliver from suffering; to relieve; as, to succor a besieged city. [OE. socouren, OF. sucurre, soucourre, secorre, F. secourir, L. succurrere, succursum, to run under, run to the aid of, help, succor; sub under + currere to run.]
favour n.
Kind regard; propitious aspect; countenance; friendly disposition; kindness; good will. [Written also favour.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Fifth Decade is in the public domain. This text is taken from Elizabethan Sonnet-Cycles: Delia - Diana, Project Gutenberg ebook #18842; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Samuel Daniel, The Fifth Decade, in Delia, with Constable's Diana (1592), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #18842, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/daniel-delia/the-fifth-decade.html, id L02788.

Form and metre

The Fifth Decade is 140 lines in 10 stanzas of 14 lines each. Every stanza rhymes ABABCDCDEFEFGG, the English sonnet. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.3 syllables. 34 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 9% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other English sonnets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABABCDCDEFEFGG sinA · lustB · winA · justB · surmiseC · twainD · diesC · maintainD · calledE · flameF · scaldE · nameF · loveG · proveG
  2. 2 ABABCDCDEFEFGG disgraceA · crostB · placeA · lostB · dauntedC · struckD · enchantedC · hookD · woundE · defacedF · confoundE · disgracedF · slainG · complainG
  3. 3 ABABCDCDEFEFGG lovesA · possestB · movesA · breastB · bellC · howlD · knellC · owlD · cladE · redF · madE · headF · heartG · impartG
  4. 4 ABABCDCDEFEFGG fieldsA · rocksB · yieldA · locksB · deathC · speakingD · breathC · breakingD · sakeE · eyesF · lakeE · diesF · airG · tearG
  5. 5 ABABCDCDEFEFGG presentedA · loveB · proveA · contentedB · consentedC · moveD · approveC · dissentedD · knownE · requiredF · shownE · desiredF · blownG · admiredG
  6. 6 ABABCDCDEFEFGG careA · essenceB · areA · quintessenceB · disdainC · grievingD · painC · relievingD · singE · iF · bringE · iF · importuneG · fortuneG
  7. 7 ABABCDCDEFEFGG fortuneA · mindB · tuneA · mindB · deathC · endD · breathC · friendD · meE · fairF · feeE · bearF · takenG · forsakenG
  8. 8 ABABCDCDEFEFGG forsakenA · sleepethB · betakenA · weepethB · seaC · pleasureD · layC · treasureD · hearE · estateF · despairE · reverberateF · meG · meG
  9. 9 ABABCDCDEFEFGG meA · pityB · seeA · dittyB · uponC · keyD · unisonC · awayD · meE · sorrowF · meE · morrowF · cryG · eyeG
  10. 10 ABABCDCDEFEFGG fireA · deathB · ireA · beneathB · fireC · liveD · desireC · giveD · lieE · aspireF · fryE · fireF · revivesG · liesG
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Ay me, poor wretch, my prayer is turned to sin!10··········
I say, "I love!" My mistress says "'Tis lust!"10·····/˘···
Thus most we lose where most we seek to win.10··········
Wit will make wicked what is ne'er so just.10···/˘·····
And yet I can supplant her false surmise.10····˘/··˘/
Lust is a fire that for an hour or twain10···/···/··
Giveth a scorching blaze and then he dies;10/˘·/˘·····
Love a continual furnace doth maintain.10··˘/˘/˘·˘/
A furnace! Well, this a furnace may be called;11·/˘···/˘···
For it burns inward, yields a smothering flame,10···/˘··/˘·
Sighs which, like boiled lead's smoking vapour, scald.10·····/˘/˘·
I sigh apace at echo of sighs' name.10··˘/·/˘···
Long have I served; no short blaze is my love.10··········
Hid joys there are that maids scorn till they prove.10··········
I do not now complain of my disgrace,10····˘/··˘/
O cruel fair one! fair with cruel crost;10·/˘····/˘·
Nor of the hour, season, time, nor place;10···/˘/˘···
Nor of my foil, for any freedom lost;10·····/˘/˘·
Nor of my courage, by misfortune daunted;11···/˘·˘/˘/˘
Nor of my wit, by overweening struck;10··········
Nor of my sense, by any sound enchanted;11·····/˘·˘/˘
Nor of the force of fiery-pointed hook;10·····/˘/˘·
Nor of the steel that sticks within my wound;10··········
Nor of my thoughts, by worser thoughts defaced;10·····/˘·˘/
Nor of the life I labour to confound.10·····/··˘/
But I complain, that being thus disgraced,10··˘/·/˘·˘/
Fired, feared, frantic, fettered, shot through, slain,10/˘·/˘/˘···
My death is such as I may not complain.10········˘/
If ever sorrow spoke from soul that loves,10·/˘/˘·····
As speaks a spirit in a man possest,10···/˘···/˘
In me her spirit speaks. My soul it moves,10···/˘·····
Whose sigh-swoll'n words breed whirlwinds in my breast;10·····/····
Or like the echo of a passing bell,10···/˘··/˘·
Which sounding on the water seems to howl;10·/˘··/˘···
So rings my heart a fearful heavy knell,10·····/˘/˘·
And keeps all night in consort with the owl.10·····˘/···
My cheeks with a thin ice of tears are clad,10··········
Mine eyes like morning stars are bleared and red.10···/˘·····
What resteth then but I be raging mad,10·/˘····/˘·
To see that she, my cares' chief conduit-head,10·······/˘·
When all streams else help quench my burning heart,10·······/˘·
Shuts up her springs and will no grace impart.10········˘/
You secret vales, you solitary fields,10·/˘··/˘·˘·
You shores forsaken and you sounding rocks!10··˘/˘··/˘·
If ever groaning heart hath made you yield,10·/˘/˘·····
Or words half spoke that sense in prison locks,10·······/˘·
Then 'mongst night shadows whisper out my death.10···/·/˘···
That when myself hath sealed my lips from speaking,11···/·····/˘
Each tell-tale echo with a weeping breath,10···/˘··/˘·
May both record my truth and true love's breaking.11··˘/·····/˘
You pretty flowers that smile for summer's sake,10·/˘/···/˘·
Pull in your heads before my wat'ry eyes10·······/˘·
Do turn the meadows to a standing lake,10···/···/˘·
By whose untimely floods your glory dies!10··˘/˘··/˘·
For lo, mine heart, resolved to moistening air,10····˘/·/˘·
Feedeth mine eyes which double tear for tear.10/˘···/˘···
His shadow to Narcissus well presented,11·/··˘/˘·˘/˘
How fair he was by such attractive love!10······˘/˘·
So if thou would'st thyself thy beauty prove,10····˘/·/˘·
Vulgar breath-mirrors might have well contented,11/˘·/˘···˘/˘
And to their prayers eternally consented,11····˘/˘˘˘/˘
Oaths, vows and sighs, if they believe might move;10······˘/··
But more thou forc'st, making my pen approve10····/˘··˘/
Thy praise to all, least any had dissented.11·····/˘·˘/˘
When this hath wrought, thou which before wert known10··········
But unto some, of all art now required,11········˘/˘
And thine eyes' wonders wronged, because not shown10···/˘·····
The world, with daily orisons desired.11···/˘···˘/˘
Thy chaste fair gifts, with learning's breath is blown,10·····/˘···
And thus my pen hath made thy sweets admired.11········˘/˘
I am no model figure, or sign of care,11···/˘/˘····
But his eternal heart's-consuming essence,11··˘/˘·˘/˘/˘
In whom grief's commentaries written are,10···/˘·˘/˘·
Drawing gross passion into pure quintessence,11/˘·/˘···˘/˘
Not thine eye's fire, but fire of thine eye's disdain,11···/·/···˘/
Fed by neglect of my continual grieving,11··˘/··˘/˘/˘
Attracts the true life's spirit of my pain,10˘/···/˘···
And gives it thee, which gives me no relieving.11········˘/˘
Within thine arms sad elegies I sing;10·····/˘˘··
Unto thine eyes a true heart love-torn lay I:11···········
Thou smell'st from me the savours sorrows bring;10·····/˘/˘·
My tears to taste my truth to touch display I.11········˘/·
Lo thus each sense, dear fair one, I importune;11···········
But being care, thou flyest me as ill fortune.11·/˘······/˘
But being care, thou flyest me as ill fortune;--11·/˘······/˘
Care the consuming canker of the mind!10··˘/˘/˘···
The discord that disorders sweet hearts' tune!10·/˘·˘/˘···
Th' abortive bastard of a coward mind!10˘/˘/˘··/˘·
The lightfoot lackey that runs post by death,10·/·/˘·····
Bearing the letters which contain our end!10/˘·/˘·˘//·
The busy advocate that sells his breath,10·/˘/˘·····
Denouncing worst to him, is most his friend!10˘/˘·······
O dear, this care no interest holds in me;10·····/˘···
But holy care, the guardian of thy fair,10·/˘··/˘···
Thine honour's champion, and thy virtue's fee,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
The zeal which thee from barbarous times shall bear,10·····/˘···
This care am I; this care my life hath taken.11·········/˘
Dear to my soul, then leave me not forsaken!11········˘/˘
Dear to my soul, then, leave, me not forsaken!11········˘/˘
Fly not! My heart within thy bosom sleepeth;11·······/˘/˘
Even from myself and sense I have betaken11/··/·······
Me unto thee for whom my spirit weepeth,11·······/˘/˘
And on the shore of that salt teary sea,10·······/˘·
Couched in a bed of unseen seeming pleasure,11·····˘//˘/˘
Where in imaginary thoughts thy fair self lay;12··˘/˘·˘·····
But being waked, robbed of my life's best treasure,11·/˘······/˘
I call the heavens, air, earth, and seas to hear11···/˘······
My love, my truth, and black disdained estate,10······˘/˘/
Beating the rocks with bellowings of despair,10/˘···/˘·˘/
Which still with plaints my words reverberate,10······˘/˘˘
Sighing, "Alas, what shall become of me?"10/˘˘/··˘/··
Whilst echo cries, "What shall become of me?"10·/˘···˘/··
Whilst echo cries, "What shall become of me?"10·/˘···˘/··
And desolate, my desolations pity,11·/˘···˘/˘/˘
Thou in thy beauty's carack sitt'st to see10···/˘/˘···
My tragic downfall, and my funeral ditty.11·/˘/···/˘/˘
No timbrel, but my heart thou play'st upon,10·/˘·······
Whose strings are stretched unto the highest key;10·······/˘·
The diapason, love; love is the unison;11········/˘˘
In love my life and labours waste away.10·····/˘·˘/
Only regardless to the world thou leav'st me,11/˘˘/˘······
Whilst slain hopes, turning from the feast of sorrow,11···/˘····/˘
Unto despair, their king, which ne'er deceives me,11··˘/····˘/·
Captives my heart, whose black night hates the morrow,11/˘·······/˘
And he in truth of my distressed cry10······˘/˘·
Plants me a weeping star within mine eye.10···/˘·····
Prometheus for stealing living fire11˘/˘˘·/˘/˘/˘
From heaven's king, was judged eternal death;10·/˘···˘/˘·
In self-same flame with unrelenting ire10······˘/˘·
Bound fast to Caucasus' low foot beneath.10···/˘˘····
So I, for stealing living beauty's fire11···/˘/˘/˘/˘
Into my verse that it may always live,10·······/··
And change his forms to shapes of my desire,11········˘/˘
Thou beauty's queen, self sentence like dost give.10·/˘··/˘···
Bound to thy feet in chains of life I lie;10··········
For to thine eyes I never dare aspire;10·····/˘·˘/
And in thy beauty's brightness do I fry,10···/˘/˘···
As poor Prometheus in the scalding fire;11··˘/˘˘··/˘/
Which tears maintain as oil the lamp revives;10··˘/····˘/
Only my succour in thy favour lies.10/˘·/˘··/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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