Kubla Khan

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772–1834) · 1796–1817

iambic tetrameter · 54 lines · from Poems of Coleridge

In Xanadu did Kubla KhanA stately pleasure-dome decree:Where Alph, the sacred river, ranThrough caverns measureless to manDown to a sunless sea.So twice five miles of fertile groundWith walls and towers were girdled round:And here were gardens bright with sinuous rills,Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;And here were forests ancient as the hills,Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.

But oh! that deep romantic chasm which slantedDown the green hill athwart a cedarn cover!A savage place! as holy and enchantedAs e'er beneath a waning moon was hauntedBy woman wailing for her demon-lover!And from this chasm, with ceaseless turmoil seething,As if this earth in fast thick pants were breathing,A mighty fountain momently was forced:Amid whose swift half-intermitted burstHuge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail,Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail:And 'mid these dancing rocks at once and everIt flung up momently the sacred river.Five miles meandering with a mazy motionThrough wood and dale the sacred river ran,Then reached the caverns measureless to man,And sank in tumult to a lifeless ocean:And 'mid this tumult Kubla heard from farAncestral voices prophesying war!

The shadow of the dome of pleasureFloated midway on the waves;Where was heard the mingled measureFrom the fountain and the caves.It was a miracle of rare device,A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice!

A damsel with a dulcimerIn a vision once I saw:It was an Abyssinian maid;And on her dulcimer she played,Singing of Mount Abora.Could I revive within meHer symphony and song,To such a deep delight 'twould win me,That with music loud and long,I would build that dome in air,That sunny dome! those caves of ice!And all who heard should see them there,And all should cry, Beware! Beware!His flashing eyes, his floating hair!Weave a circle round him thrice,And close your eyes with holy dread,For he on honey-dew hath fed,And drunk the milk of Paradise.

Words in this poem 16
khan n.
A king; a prince; a chief; a governor; -- so called among the Tartars, Turks, and Persians, and in countries now or formerly governed by them. [Pers. & Tart. khan.]
measureless a.
Without measure; unlimited; immeasurable.
sunless a.
Destitute or deprived of the sun or its rays; shaded; shadowed.
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
greenery n.
Green plants; verdure.
cedarn a.
Of or pertaining to the cedar or its wood.
enchanted a.
Under the power of enchantment; possessed or exercised by enchanters; as, an enchanted castle.
waning n.
The act or process of waning, or decreasing.
haunted a.
Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost.
ceaseless a.
Without pause or end; incessant.
turmoil v. t.
To harass with commotion; to disquiet; to worry.
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
midway n.
The middle of the way or distance; a middle way or course.
damsel n.
A young person, either male or female, of noble or gentle extraction; as, Damsel Pepin; Damsel Richard, Prince of Wales. [OE. damosel, damesel, damisel, damsel, fr. OF. damoisele, damisele, gentlewoman, F. demoiselle young lady; cf. OF. damoisel young nobleman, F. damoiseau; fr. LL]
symphony n.
A consonance or harmony of sounds, agreeable to the ear, whether the sounds are vocal or instrumental, or both. [F. symphonie (cf. It. sinfonia), L. symphonia, Gr. Phonetic.]
beware v. t.
To avoid; to take care of; to have a care for.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Kubla Khan is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems of Coleridge, Project Gutenberg ebook #8208; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Kubla Khan, in Poems of Coleridge (1796–1817), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #8208, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/coleridge-poems/kubla-khan.html, id L00307.

Form and metre

Kubla Khan is 54 lines in 4 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, as Wikipedia: Kubla Khan has it. 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.9 syllables. 13 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 28% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -ABBACCDAD- khan · decreeA · ranB · manB · seaA · groundC · roundC · rillsD · treeA · hillsD · greenery
  2. 2 ABA-B----CC--DEED-- slantedA · coverB · enchantedA · haunted · loverB · seething · breathing · forced · burst · hailC · flailC · ever · river · motionD · ranE · manE · oceanD · far · war
  3. 3 ABABCC pleasureA · wavesB · measureA · cavesB · deviceC · iceC
  4. 4 --AA-BCBCDEDDDEFFE dulcimer · saw · maidA · playedA · abora · meB · songC · meB · longC · airD · iceE · thereD · bewareD · hairD · thriceE · dreadF · fedF · paradiseE
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
In Xanadu did Kubla Khan8········
A stately pleasure-dome decree:8·/˘/˘·˘/
Where Alph, the sacred river, ran8···/˘/˘·
Through caverns measureless to man8·/˘/˘˘··
Down to a sunless sea.6···/˘·
So twice five miles of fertile ground8·····/˘·
With walls and towers were girdled round:8···/·/˘·
And here were gardens bright with sinuous rills,10···/˘··/˘·
Where blossomed many an incense-bearing tree;10·/˘/·/·/˘·
And here were forests ancient as the hills,10···/˘/˘···
Enfolding sunny spots of greenery.9˘/˘/˘··/˘
But oh! that deep romantic chasm which slanted12····˘/˘/˘·/˘
Down the green hill athwart a cedarn cover!11····˘/·/˘/˘
A savage place! as holy and enchanted11·/˘··/˘·˘/˘
As e'er beneath a waning moon was haunted11·····/˘··/˘
By woman wailing for her demon-lover!11·/˘/˘··/˘/˘
And from this chasm, with ceaseless turmoil seething,12···/˘·/˘/·/˘
As if this earth in fast thick pants were breathing,11·········/˘
A mighty fountain momently was forced:10·/˘/˘/˘˘··
Amid whose swift half-intermitted burst10˘/········
Huge fragments vaulted like rebounding hail,10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
Or chaffy grain beneath the thresher's flail:10·/˘····/˘·
And 'mid these dancing rocks at once and ever10···/˘····/
It flung up momently the sacred river.11···/˘˘·/˘/˘
Five miles meandering with a mazy motion11··˘/˘··/˘/˘
Through wood and dale the sacred river ran,10·····/˘/˘·
Then reached the caverns measureless to man,10···/˘/˘˘··
And sank in tumult to a lifeless ocean:10···/˘··/˘/
And 'mid this tumult Kubla heard from far10···/˘·····
Ancestral voices prophesying war!9˘/˘/˘····
The shadow of the dome of pleasure9·/·····/˘
Floated midway on the waves;7/˘/····
Where was heard the mingled measure8····/˘/˘
From the fountain and the caves.7··/˘···
It was a miracle of rare device,9···/˘··˘/
A sunny pleasure-dome with caves of ice!10·/˘/˘·····
A damsel with a dulcimer8·/˘··/˘˘
In a vision once I saw:7··/˘···
It was an Abyssinian maid;8···˘/·˘·
And on her dulcimer she played,8···/˘˘··
Singing of Mount Abora.7/˘·····
Could I revive within me7··˘/···
Her symphony and song,6·/˘˘··
To such a deep delight 'twould win me,9····˘/···
That with music loud and long,7··/˘···
I would build that dome in air,7·······
That sunny dome! those caves of ice!8·/˘·····
And all who heard should see them there,8········
And all should cry, Beware! Beware!8····˘/˘/
His flashing eyes, his floating hair!8·/˘··/˘·
Weave a circle round him thrice,7··/˘···
And close your eyes with holy dread,8·····/˘·
For he on honey-dew hath fed,8···/˘···
And drunk the milk of Paradise.8·····/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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