Summer Evening
The sinking sun is taking leave,And sweetly gilds the edge of Eve,While huddling clouds of purple dyeGloomy hang the western sky.Crows crowd croaking over-head,Hastening to the woods to bed.Cooing sits the lonely dove,Calling home her absent love.With “Kirchup! kirchup!” ’mong the wheats,Partridge distant partridge greets;Beckoning hints to those that roam,That guide the squander’d covey home.Swallows check their winding flight,And twittering on the chimney light.Round the pond the martins flirt,Their snowy breasts bedaub’d with dirt,While the mason, ’neath the slates,Each mortar-bearing bird awaits:By art untaught, each labouring spouseCurious daubs his hanging house.Bats flit by in hood and cowl;Through the barn-hole pops the owl;From the hedge, in drowsy hum,Heedless buzzing beetles bum,Haunting every bushy place,Flopping in the labourer’s face.Now the snail hath made his ring;And the moth with snowy wingCircles round in winding whirls,Through sweet evening’s sprinkled pearlsOn each nodding rush besprent;Dancing on from bent to bent:Now to downy grasses clung,Resting for a while he’s hung;Strong to ferry o’er the stream,Vanishing as flies a dream:Playful still his hours to keep,Till his time has come to sleep;In tall grass, by fountain-head,Weary then he drops to bed.From the hay-cock’s moisten’d heapsStartled frogs take vaunting leaps;And along the shaven mead,Jumping travellers, they proceed:Quick the dewy grass divides,Moistening sweet their speckled sides;From the grass or flowret’s cup,Quick the dew-drop bounces up.Now the blue fog creeps along,And the bird’s forgot his song:Flowers now sleep within their hoods;Daisies button into buds;From soiling dew the butter-cupShuts his golden jewels up;And the rose and woodbine theyWait again the smiles of day.’Neath the willow’s wavy boughs,Dolly, singing, milks hers cows;While the brook, as bubbling by,Joins in murmuring melody.Dick and Dob, with jostling joll,Homeward drag the rumbling roll;Whilom Ralph, for Doll to wait,Lolls him o’er the pasture gate.Swains to fold their sheep begin;Dogs loud barking drive them in.Hedgers now along the roadHomeward bend beneath their load;And from the long furrow’d seams,Ploughmen loose their weary teams:Ball, with urging lashes weal’d.Still so slow to drive a-field,Eager blundering from the plough,Wants no whip to drive him now;At the stable-door he stands,Looking round for friendly handsTo loose the door its fast’ning pin,And let him with his corn begin.Round the yard, a thousand waysBeasts in expectation gaze,Catching at the loads of hayPassing fodd’rers tug away.Hogs with grumbling, deaf’ning noiseBother round the server boys;And, far and near, the motley groupAnxious claim their suppering-up.From the rest, a blest release,Gabbling home, the quarrelling geeseSeek their warm straw-litter’d shed,And, waddling, prate away to bed.’Nighted by unseen delay,Poking hens, that lose their way,On the hovel’s rafters rise,Slumbering there, the fox’s prize.Now the cat has ta’en her seat,With her tail curl’d round her feet;Patiently she sits to watchSparrows fighting on the thatch.Now Doll brings th’ expected pails.And dogs begin to wag their tails;With strokes and pats they’re welcom’d inAnd they with looking wants begin:Slove in the milk-pail brimming o’er,She pops their dish behind the door.Prone to mischief boys are met,’Neath the eaves the ladder’s set,Sly they climb in softest tread,To catch the sparrow on his bed,Massacred, O cruel pride!Dash against the ladder’s side.Curst barbarians! pass me by:Come not, Turks, my cottage nigh;Sure my sparrow’s are my own,Let ye then my birds alone.Come poor birds! from foes severeFearless come, you’re welcome here;My heart yearns at fate like yours,A sparrow’s life’s as sweet as ours.Hardy clowns! grudge not the wheatWhich hunger forces birds to eat:Your blinded eyes, worst foes to you,Can’t see the good which sparrows do.Did not poor birds with watching roundsPick up the insects from your grounds,Did they not tend your rising grain,You might then sow to reap in vain.Thus Providence, right understood,Whose end and aim is doing good,Sends nothing here without its use;Though ignorance loads it with abuse;And fools despise the blessing sent,And mock the Giver’s good intent--O God! let me what’s good pursue,Let me the same to others doAs I’d have others do to me,And learn at least humanity.
Dark and darker glooms the sky;Sleep ’gins close the labourer’s eye:Dobson leaves his greensward seat,Neighbours where they neighbours meetCrops to praise and work in hand,And battles tell from foreign land.While his pipe is puffing out,Sue he’s putting to the rout,Gossiping, who takes delightTo shool her knitting out at night,And back-bite neighbours ’bout the town--Who’s got new caps, and who a gown,And many a thing, her evil eyeCan see they don’t come honest by.Chattering at a neighbour’s house,She hears call out her frowning spousePrepar’d to start, she soodles home,Her knitting twirling o’er her thumb,As, loth to leave, afraid to stay,She bawls her story all the way:The tale so fraught with ’ticing charms.Her apron folded o’er her arms,She leaves the unfinished tale, in pain,To end as evening comes again;And in the cottage gangs with dreadTo meet old Dobson’s timely frown,Who grumbling sits, prepar’d for bed,While she stands chelping ’bout the town.
The night-wind now, with sooty wings,In the cotter’s chimney sings;Now, as stretching o’er the bed,Soft I raise my drowsy head,Listening to the ushering charmsThat shake the elm tree’s mossy arms;Till sweet slumbers stronger creep,Deeper darkness stealing round,Then, as rock’d, I sink to sleep,’Mid the wild wind’s lulling sound.
Words in this poem 31
- covey v. i.
- To brood; to incubate.
- twittering n.
- The act of one who, or that which, twitters.
- chimney n.
- A fireplace or hearth. Sir W. Raleigh.
- snowy a.
- White like snow.
- labouring a.
- That labors; performing labor; esp., performing coarse, heavy work, not requiring skill also, set apart for labor; as, laboring days.
- spouse v. t.
- To wed; to espouse. [See Espouse, and Spouse, n.]
- curious a.
- Difficult to please or satisfy; solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous; nice; exact. [OF. curios, curius, F. curieux, L. curiosus careful, inquisitive, fr. cura care. See Cure.]
- flit a.
- Nimble; quick; swift. See Fleet.
- besprent p. p.
- Sprinkled over; strewed. [OE. bespreynt, p. p. of besprengen, bisprengen, to besprinkle, AS. besprengan, akin to D. & G. besprengen; pref. be- + sprengan to sprinkle. See Sprinkle.]
- clung a.
- Wasted away; shrunken. [Prop. p. p. fr. OE. clingen to wither. See Cling, v. i.]
- dolly n.
- A contrivance, turning on a vertical axis by a handle or winch, and giving a circular motion to the ore to be washed; a stirrer.
- homeward a.
- Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.
- rumbling
- a. & n. from Rumble, v. i.
- whilom adv.
- Formerly; once; of old; erewhile; at times. [AS. hwilum, properly, at times, dative pl. of hwil; akin to G. weiland formerly, OHG. hwilm, See While, n.]
- ralph n.
- A name sometimes given to the raven.
- server n.
- One who serves.
- nighted a.
- Darkness; clouded.
- unseen a.
- Not seen or discovered.
- poking a.
- Drudging; servile.
- patiently adv.
- In a patient manner.
- brimming a.
- Full to the brim; overflowing.
- curst a.
- Froward; malignant; mischievous; malicious; snarling. [SeeCurse.]
- reap n.
- A bundle of grain; a handful of grain laid down by the reaper as it is cut. Wright. [Cf. AS. rip harvest. See Reap, v.]
- despise v. t.
- To look down upon with disfavor or contempt; to contemn; to scorn; to disdain; to have a low opinion or contemptuous dislike of. [OF. despis-, in some forms of despire to despise, fr. L. despicere, despectum, to look down upon, despise; de- + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy, and cf. Des]
- dobson n.
- The aquatic larva of a large neuropterous insect (Corydalus cornutus), used as bait in angling. See Hellgamite.
- greensward n.
- Turf green with grass.
- puffing
- a. & n. from Puff, v. i. & t. Puffing adder. (Zoöl.) Same as Puff adder (b), under Puff.
- chattering n.
- The act or habit of talking idly or rapidly, or of making inarticulate sounds; the sounds so made; noise made by the collision of the teeth; chatter.
- neighbour v. i.
- To dwell in the vicinity; to be a neighbor, or in the neighborhood; to be near.
- fraught n.
- A freight; a cargo. [OE.fraight, fraght; akin to Dan. fragt, Sw. frakt, D. vracht, G. fracht, cf. OHG. fr merit, reward; perh. from corresponding to E. for + The root of E. own. Cf.]
- cotter n.
- A cottager; a cottier. Burns. [LL. cotarius, cottarius, coterius. See Cot.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Summer Evening is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #52601; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: John Clare, Summer Evening, in Poems (1820–1835), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #52601, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/clare-poems/summer-evening.html, id L06660.
Form and metre
Summer Evening is 174 lines in 3 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 86% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.5 syllables. 3 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 15% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBCCDD--EEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTTUUVVWWXX--YYZZaa--bbccddeeffgghhiijjkkllmm--nnooppqqrr--sstt--uuvvwwxxyyzz--AABBCCDDEEFFGGHH-- leaveA · eveA · dyeB · skyB · headC · bedC · doveD · loveD · wheats · greets · roamE · homeE · flightF · lightF · flirtG · dirtG · slatesH · awaitsH · spouseI · houseI · cowlJ · owlJ · humK · bumK · placeL · faceL · ringM · wingM · whirlsN · pearlsN · besprentO · bentO · clungP · hungP · streamQ · dreamQ · keepR · sleepR · headS · bedS · heapsT · leapsT · meadU · proceedU · dividesV · sidesV · cupW · upW · alongX · songX · hoods · buds · cupY · upY · theyZ · dayZ · boughsa · cowsa · by · melody · jollb · rollb · waitc · gatec · begind · ind · roade · loade · seamsf · teamsf · weal'dg · fieldg · ploughh · nowh · standsi · handsi · pinj · beginj · waysk · gazek · hayl · awayl · noisem · boysm · group · up · releasen · geesen · shedo · bedo · delayp · wayp · riseq · prizeq · seatr · feetr · watch · thatch · pailss · tailss · int · begint · o'er · door · metu · setu · treadv · bedv · pridew · sidew · byx · nighx · owny · aloney · severez · herez · yours · ours · wheatA · eatA · youB · doB · roundsC · groundsC · grainD · vainD · understoodE · goodE · useF · abuseF · sentG · intentG · pursueH · doH · me · humanity
- 2 AABBCCDDEEFFAAGGHHIIJJKKLFLF skyA · eyeA · seatB · meetB · handC · landC · outD · routD · delightE · nightE · townF · gownF · eyeA · byA · houseG · spouseG · homeH · thumbH · stayI · wayI · charmsJ · armsJ · painK · againK · dreadL · frownF · bedL · townF
- 3 AABBCCDEDE wingsA · singsA · bedB · headB · charmsC · armsC · creepD · roundE · sleepD · soundE
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| The sinking sun is taking leave, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And sweetly gilds the edge of Eve, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| While huddling clouds of purple dye | 9 | ·/˘˘··/˘· |
| Gloomy hang the western sky. | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| Crows crowd croaking over-head, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Hastening to the woods to bed. | 8 | /˘˘····· |
| Cooing sits the lonely dove, | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| Calling home her absent love. | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| With “Kirchup! kirchup!” ’mong the wheats, | 8 | ········ |
| Partridge distant partridge greets; | 7 | /˘/˘/˘· |
| Beckoning hints to those that roam, | 8 | /˘˘····· |
| That guide the squander’d covey home. | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Swallows check their winding flight, | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| And twittering on the chimney light. | 9 | ·/˘˘··/˘· |
| Round the pond the martins flirt, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Their snowy breasts bedaub’d with dirt, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| While the mason, ’neath the slates, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Each mortar-bearing bird awaits: | 8 | ·/˘/˘·˘/ |
| By art untaught, each labouring spouse | 9 | ·····/˘˘· |
| Curious daubs his hanging house. | 8 | /˘˘··/˘· |
| Bats flit by in hood and cowl; | 7 | ······· |
| Through the barn-hole pops the owl; | 7 | ······· |
| From the hedge, in drowsy hum, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Heedless buzzing beetles bum, | 7 | /˘/˘/˘· |
| Haunting every bushy place, | 8 | /˘/˘˘/˘· |
| Flopping in the labourer’s face. | 8 | /˘······ |
| Now the snail hath made his ring; | 7 | ······· |
| And the moth with snowy wing | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Circles round in winding whirls, | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| Through sweet evening’s sprinkled pearls | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| On each nodding rush besprent; | 7 | ··/˘·˘/ |
| Dancing on from bent to bent: | 7 | /˘····· |
| Now to downy grasses clung, | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Resting for a while he’s hung; | 7 | /˘····· |
| Strong to ferry o’er the stream, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Vanishing as flies a dream: | 7 | /˘˘···· |
| Playful still his hours to keep, | 8 | /˘··/˘·· |
| Till his time has come to sleep; | 7 | ······· |
| In tall grass, by fountain-head, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Weary then he drops to bed. | 7 | /˘····· |
| From the hay-cock’s moisten’d heaps | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Startled frogs take vaunting leaps; | 7 | /˘····· |
| And along the shaven mead, | 7 | ·˘/·/˘· |
| Jumping travellers, they proceed: | 8 | /˘/˘˘·˘/ |
| Quick the dewy grass divides, | 7 | ··/˘·˘/ |
| Moistening sweet their speckled sides; | 9 | /˘˘··/˘˘· |
| From the grass or flowret’s cup, | 7 | ······· |
| Quick the dew-drop bounces up. | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Now the blue fog creeps along, | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| And the bird’s forgot his song: | 7 | ···˘/·· |
| Flowers now sleep within their hoods; | 8 | /˘······ |
| Daisies button into buds; | 7 | /˘/˘··· |
| From soiling dew the butter-cup | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Shuts his golden jewels up; | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| And the rose and woodbine they | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Wait again the smiles of day. | 7 | ·˘/···· |
| ’Neath the willow’s wavy boughs, | 7 | ··/·/˘· |
| Dolly, singing, milks hers cows; | 7 | /˘/˘··· |
| While the brook, as bubbling by, | 8 | ····/˘˘· |
| Joins in murmuring melody. | 8 | ··/˘˘/˘˘ |
| Dick and Dob, with jostling joll, | 8 | ····/˘˘· |
| Homeward drag the rumbling roll; | 8 | /˘··/˘˘· |
| Whilom Ralph, for Doll to wait, | 7 | /˘····· |
| Lolls him o’er the pasture gate. | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Swains to fold their sheep begin; | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| Dogs loud barking drive them in. | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Hedgers now along the road | 7 | /˘·˘/·· |
| Homeward bend beneath their load; | 7 | /˘····· |
| And from the long furrow’d seams, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Ploughmen loose their weary teams: | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Ball, with urging lashes weal’d. | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Still so slow to drive a-field, | 7 | ······· |
| Eager blundering from the plough, | 8 | /˘/˘˘··· |
| Wants no whip to drive him now; | 7 | ······· |
| At the stable-door he stands, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Looking round for friendly hands | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| To loose the door its fast’ning pin, | 8 | ········ |
| And let him with his corn begin. | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Round the yard, a thousand ways | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Beasts in expectation gaze, | 7 | ···˘/˘· |
| Catching at the loads of hay | 7 | /˘····· |
| Passing fodd’rers tug away. | 7 | /˘···˘/ |
| Hogs with grumbling, deaf’ning noise | 8 | ··/˘˘··· |
| Bother round the server boys; | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| And, far and near, the motley group | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Anxious claim their suppering-up. | 8 | /˘··/˘˘· |
| From the rest, a blest release, | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| Gabbling home, the quarrelling geese | 8 | ····/˘˘· |
| Seek their warm straw-litter’d shed, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| And, waddling, prate away to bed. | 9 | ·/˘˘·˘/·· |
| ’Nighted by unseen delay, | 7 | /˘·˘/˘/ |
| Poking hens, that lose their way, | 7 | /˘····· |
| On the hovel’s rafters rise, | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Slumbering there, the fox’s prize. | 8 | /˘˘··/˘· |
| Now the cat has ta’en her seat, | 7 | ······· |
| With her tail curl’d round her feet; | 7 | ······· |
| Patiently she sits to watch | 7 | /˘˘···· |
| Sparrows fighting on the thatch. | 7 | /˘/˘··· |
| Now Doll brings th’ expected pails. | 7 | ···˘/˘· |
| And dogs begin to wag their tails; | 8 | ··˘/···· |
| With strokes and pats they’re welcom’d in | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And they with looking wants begin: | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| Slove in the milk-pail brimming o’er, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| She pops their dish behind the door. | 8 | ········ |
| Prone to mischief boys are met, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| ’Neath the eaves the ladder’s set, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Sly they climb in softest tread, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| To catch the sparrow on his bed, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Massacred, O cruel pride! | 7 | /˘˘·/˘· |
| Dash against the ladder’s side. | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Curst barbarians! pass me by: | 8 | ·˘/˘˘··· |
| Come not, Turks, my cottage nigh; | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Sure my sparrow’s are my own, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Let ye then my birds alone. | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| Come poor birds! from foes severe | 7 | ·····˘/ |
| Fearless come, you’re welcome here; | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| My heart yearns at fate like yours, | 7 | ······· |
| A sparrow’s life’s as sweet as ours. | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| Hardy clowns! grudge not the wheat | 7 | /˘····· |
| Which hunger forces birds to eat: | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Your blinded eyes, worst foes to you, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Can’t see the good which sparrows do. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Did not poor birds with watching rounds | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Pick up the insects from your grounds, | 8 | ···/···· |
| Did they not tend your rising grain, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| You might then sow to reap in vain. | 8 | ········ |
| Thus Providence, right understood, | 8 | ·/˘˘··˘/ |
| Whose end and aim is doing good, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Sends nothing here without its use; | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Though ignorance loads it with abuse; | 9 | ·/˘˘···˘/ |
| And fools despise the blessing sent, | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| And mock the Giver’s good intent-- | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| O God! let me what’s good pursue, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Let me the same to others do | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| As I’d have others do to me, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| And learn at least humanity. | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| Dark and darker glooms the sky; | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Sleep ’gins close the labourer’s eye: | 8 | ········ |
| Dobson leaves his greensward seat, | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| Neighbours where they neighbours meet | 7 | /˘··/˘· |
| Crops to praise and work in hand, | 7 | ······· |
| And battles tell from foreign land. | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| While his pipe is puffing out, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Sue he’s putting to the rout, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Gossiping, who takes delight | 7 | /˘˘··˘/ |
| To shool her knitting out at night, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| And back-bite neighbours ’bout the town-- | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Who’s got new caps, and who a gown, | 8 | ········ |
| And many a thing, her evil eye | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| Can see they don’t come honest by. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Chattering at a neighbour’s house, | 8 | /˘˘··/˘· |
| She hears call out her frowning spouse | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Prepar’d to start, she soodles home, | 7 | ˘/····· |
| Her knitting twirling o’er her thumb, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| As, loth to leave, afraid to stay, | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| She bawls her story all the way: | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The tale so fraught with ’ticing charms. | 8 | ········ |
| Her apron folded o’er her arms, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| She leaves the unfinished tale, in pain, | 10 | ···˘/˘˘··· |
| To end as evening comes again; | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| And in the cottage gangs with dread | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| To meet old Dobson’s timely frown, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Who grumbling sits, prepar’d for bed, | 9 | ·/˘˘·˘/·· |
| While she stands chelping ’bout the town. | 8 | ········ |
| The night-wind now, with sooty wings, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| In the cotter’s chimney sings; | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Now, as stretching o’er the bed, | 7 | ··/˘··· |
| Soft I raise my drowsy head, | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Listening to the ushering charms | 9 | /˘˘··/˘˘· |
| That shake the elm tree’s mossy arms; | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Till sweet slumbers stronger creep, | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Deeper darkness stealing round, | 7 | /˘/˘/˘· |
| Then, as rock’d, I sink to sleep, | 7 | ······· |
| ’Mid the wild wind’s lulling sound. | 7 | ····/˘· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.