Rural Evening

John Clare (1793–1864) · 1820–1835

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 150 lines · from Poems

The sun now sinks behind the woodland green,And twittering spangles glow the leaves between,So bright and dazzling on the eye it playsAs if noon’s heat had kindled to a blaze,But soon it dims in red and heavier hues,And shows wild fancy cheated in her views.A mist-like moisture rises from the ground,And deeper blueness stains the distant round.The eye each moment, as it gazes o’er,Still loses objects which it mark’d before;The woods at distance changing like to clouds,And spire-points croodling under evening’s shrouds;Till forms of things, and hues of leaf and flower,In deeper shadows, as by magic power,With light and all, in scarce-perceiv’d decay,Put on mild evening’s sober garb of grey.

Now in the sleepy gloom that blackens roundDies many a lulling hum of rural sound,From cottage door, farm-yard and dusty lane,Where home the cart-house tolters with the swain.Or padded holm, where village boys resort,Bawling enraptur’d o’er their evening sport,Till night awakens superstition’s dreadAnd drives them prisoners to a restless bed.Thrice happy eve of days no more to me!Whoever thought such change belong’d to thee?When, like to boys whom now thy gloom surrounds,I chas’d the stag, or play’d at fox-and-hounds,Or wander’d down the lane with many a mateTo play at see-saw on the pasture-gate,Or on the threshold of some cottage satTo watch the flittings of the shrieking bat,Who, seemly pleas’d to mock our treacherous view,Would even swoop and touch us as he flew,And vainly still our hopes to entertainWould stint his route, and circle us again,--Till, wearied out with many a coaxing callWhich boyish superstition loves to bawl,His shrill song shrieking he betook to flight,And left us puzzled in short-sighted night.Those days have fled me, as from them they steal:And I’ve felt losses they must shortly feel;But sure such ends make every bosom sore,To think of pleasures we must meet no more.

Now from the pasture milking-maidens come,With each a swain to bear the burden home,Who often coax them on their pleasant wayTo soodle longer out in love’s delay;While on a mole-hill, or a resting stile,The simple rustics try their arts the whileWith glegging smiles, and hopes and fears between,Snatching a kiss to open what they mean:And all the utmost that their tongues can do,The honey’d words which nature learns to woo,The wild-flower sweets of language, “love” and “dear,”With warmest utterings meet each maiden’s ear;Who as by magic smit, she knows not why,From the warm look that waits a wish’d replyDroops fearful down in love’s delightful swoonAs slinks the blossom from the suns of noon;While sighs half-smother’d from the throbbing breast,And broken words sweet trembling o’er the rest,And cheeks, in blushes burning, turn’d aside,Betray the plainer what she strives to hide.The amorous swain sees through the feign’d disguise,Discerns the fondness she at first denies,And with all passions love and truth can moveUrges more strong the simpering maid to love;More freely using toying ways to win--Tokens that echo from the soul within--Her soft hand nipping, that with ardour burns,And, timid, gentlier presses its returns;Then stealing pins with innocent deceit,To loose the ’kerchief from its envied seat;Then unawares her bonnet he’ll untie,Her dark-brown ringlets wiping gently by,To steal a kiss in seemly feign’d disguise,As love yields kinder taken by surprise:While nearly conquer’d she less disapproves,And owns at last, mid tears and sighs, she loves.With sweetest feelings that this world bestowsNow each to each their inmost souls disclose,Vow to be true; and to be truly ta’en,Repeat their loves, and vow it o’er again;And pause at loss of language to proclaimThose purest pleasures, yet without a name:And while, in highest ecstacy of blissThe shepherd holds her yielding hand in hisHe turns to heaven to witness what he feels,And silent shows what want of words conceals;Then ere the parting moments hustle nigh,And night in deeper dye his curtain dips,Till next day’s evening glads the anxious eye,He swears his truth, and seals it on her lips.

At even’s hour, the truce of toil, ’tis sweetThe sons of labour at their ease to meet,On piled bench, beside the cottage door,Made up of mud and stones and sodded o’er;Where rustic taste at leisure trimly weavesThe rose and straggling woodbine to the eaves,--And on the crowded spot that pales encloseThe white and scarlet daisy rears in rows,--Training the trailing peas in bunches neat,Perfuming evening with a luscious sweet,--And sun-flowers planting for their gilded show,That scale the window’s lattice ere they blow,Then sweet to habitants within the sheds,Peep through the diamond pane their golden heads:Or at the shop where ploughs and harrows lie,Well-known to every child that passes byFrom shining fragments littering on the floor;And branded letter burnt upon the door,Where meddling boys, the torment of the street,In hard-burnt cinders ready weapons meet,To pelt the martins ’neath the eves at restThat oft are wak’d to mourn a ruin’d nest;Or sparrows, that delight their nests to leave,In dust to flutter at the cool of eve.For such-like scenes the gossip leaves her home,And sons of labour light their pipes, and comeTo talk of wages, whether high or low,And mumble news that still as secrets go;When, heedless then to all the rest may say,The beckoning lover nods the maid away,And at a distance many an hour they seemIn jealous whisperings o’er their pleasing theme;While children round them teasing sports prolong,To twirl the top, or bounce the hoop along,Or shout across the street their “one catch all,”Or prog the hous’d bee from the cotter’s wall.

Now at the parish cottage wall’d with dirt,Where all the cumber-grounds of life resort,From the low door that bows two props between,Some feeble tottering dame surveys the scene;By them reminded of the long-lost dayWhen she herself was young, and went to play;And, turning to the painful scenes again,The mournful changes she has meet since then,Her aching heart, the contrast moves so keen,E’en sighs a wish that life had never been.Still vainly sinning, while she strives to pray,Half-smother’d discontent pursues its wayIn whispering Providence, how blest she’d beenIf life’s last troubles she’d escap’d unseen;If, ere want sneak’d for grudg’d support from pride,She had but shar’d of childhood’s joys, and died.And as to talk some passing neighbours stand,And shove their box within her tottering hand,She turns from echoes of her younger years,And nips the portion of her snuff with tears.

Words in this poem 35
twittering n.
The act of one who, or that which, twitters.
blueness n.
The quality of being blue; a blue color. Boyle.
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
garb n.
External appearance, as expressive of the feelings or character; looks; fashion or manner, as of speech. [OF. garbe looks, countenance, grace, ornament, fr. OHG. garawi, garwi, ornament, dress. akin to E. gear. See Gear, n.]
holm n.
A common evergreen oak, of Europe (Quercus Ilex); -- called also ilex, and holly. [OE., prob. from AS. holen holly; as the holly is also called holm. See Holly.]
whoever pron.
Whatever person; any person who; be or she who; any one who; as, he shall be punished, whoever he may be.
swoop v. t.
To fall on at once and seize; to catch while on the wing; as, a hawk swoops a chicken. [OE. swopen, usually, to sweep, As. swapan to sweep, to rush; akin to G. schweifen to rove, to ramble, to curve, OHG. sweifan to whirl, Icel. sveipa to sweep; al]
route n.
The course or way which is traveled or passed, or is to be passed; a passing; a course; a road or path; a march. [OE. & F. route, OF. rote, fr. L. rupta (sc. via), fr. ruptus, p.p. of rumpere to break; hence, literally, a broken or beaten way or path. See Rout, and cf. Rut ]
boyish a.
Resembling a boy in a manners or opinions; belonging to a boy; childish; trifling; puerile.
bawl v. i.
To cry out with a loud, full sound; to cry with vehemence, as in calling or exultation; to shout; to vociferate. [Icel. baula to low, bellow, as a cow; akin to Sw. böla; cf. AS bellan, G. bellen to bark, E. bellow, bull.]
shortly adv.
In a short or brief time or manner; soon; quickly. [AS. sceortlice.]
stile n.
A pin set on the face of a dial, to cast a shadow; a style. See Style. Moxon. [See Style.]
smit
3d. pers. sing. pres. of Smite.
fondness n.
The quality or state of being fond; foolishness.
simpering a.
from Simper, v.
ardour n.
Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the sun's rays. [L. ardor, fr. ardere to burn: cf. OF. ardor, ardur, F. ardeur.]
inmost a.
Deepest within; farthest from the surface or external part; innermost. [OE. innemest, AS. innemest, a double superlative form fr. inne within, fr. in in. The modern form is due to confusion with most. See In, and cf. Aftermost, Fore]
hustle v. t.
To shake together in confusion; to push, jostle, or crowd rudely; to handle roughly; as, to hustle a person out of a room. [D. hustelen to shake, fr. husten to shake. Cf. Hotchpotch.]
piled a.
Having a pile or point; pointed. [From 2d Pile.]
trimly adv.
In a trim manner; nicely.
straggling a.
from Straggle, v.
enclose v. t.
To inclose. See Inclose. [F. enclos, p. p. of enclore to enclose; pref. en- (L. in) + clore to close. See Close, and cf. Inclose, Include.]
luscious a.
Sweet; delicious; very grateful to the taste; toothsome; excessively sweet or rich. [Prob. for lustious, fr. lusty, or perh. a corruption of luxurious. Cf. Lush, Lusty.]
pane n.
The narrow edge of a hammer head. See Peen. [F. panne.]
mumble v. t.
To speak with the lips partly closed, so as to render the sounds inarticulate and imperfect; to utter words in a grumbling indistinct manner, indicating discontent or displeasure; to mutter. [OE. momelen; cf. D. mompelen, mommelen, G. mummelen, Sw. mumla, Dan. mumle. Cf. Mum, a., Mumm, Mump, v.]
twirl v. t.
To move or turn round rapidly; to whirl round; to move and turn rapidly with the fingers. [Cf. AS. þwiril a churn staff, a stirrer, flail, þweran, aþweran, to agitate, twirl, G. zwirlen, quirlen, to twirl, to turn round or about, quirl a twirling stic]
bounce v. i.
To strike or thump, so as to rebound, or to make a sudden noise; a knock loudly. [OE. bunsen; cf. D. bonzen to strike, bounce, bons blow, LG. bunsen to knock; all prob. of imitative origin.]
prog v. i.
To wander about and beg; to seek food or other supplies by low arts; to seek for advantage by mean shift or tricks. [Low] [Cf. D. prachen, G. prachern, Dan. prakke, Sw. pracka, to beg, L. procare, procari, to ask, demand, and E. prowl.]
cotter n.
A cottager; a cottier. Burns. [LL. cotarius, cottarius, coterius. See Cot.]
props n.
A game of chance, in which four sea shells, each called a prop, are used instead of dice.
dame n.
A mistress of a family, who is a lady; a womam in authority; especially, a lady. [F. dame, LL. domna, fr. L. domina mistress, lady, fem. of dominus master, ruler, lord; akin to domare to tame, subdue. See Tame, and cf. Dam mother, Dan, Danger]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
aching a.
That aches; continuously painful. See Ache.
unseen a.
Not seen or discovered.
childhood n.
The state of being a child; the time in which persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to puberty. [AS. cildhad; cild child + -had. See Child, and hood.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Rural Evening is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #52601; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: John Clare, Rural Evening, in Poems (1820–1835), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #52601, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/clare-poems/rural-evening.html, id L06671.

Form and metre

Rural Evening is 150 lines in 5 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 87% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 92%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.0 syllables. 2 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 17% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDD--EEFFGG greenA · betweenA · playsB · blazeB · huesC · viewsC · groundD · roundD · o'er · before · cloudsE · shroudsE · flowerF · powerF · decayG · greyG
  2. 2 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIBBJJKKLLMM roundA · soundA · laneB · swainB · resortC · sportC · dreadD · bedD · meE · theeE · surroundsF · houndsF · mateG · gateG · satH · batH · viewI · flewI · entertainB · againB · callJ · bawlJ · flightK · nightK · stealL · feelL · soreM · moreM
  3. 3 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQ--RR--SS--TTUVUV comeA · homeA · wayB · delayB · stileC · whileC · betweenD · meanD · doE · wooE · dearF · earF · whyG · replyG · swoonH · noonH · breastI · restI · asideJ · hideJ · disguiseK · deniesK · moveL · loveL · winM · withinM · burnsN · returnsN · deceitO · seatO · untieP · byP · disguiseQ · surpriseQ · disapproves · loves · bestowsR · discloseR · ta'en · again · proclaimS · nameS · bliss · his · feelsT · concealsT · nighU · dipsV · eyeU · lipsV
  4. 4 AA--BBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQ sweetA · meetA · door · o'er · weavesB · eavesB · encloseC · rowsC · neatD · sweetD · showE · blowE · shedsF · headsF · lieG · byG · floorH · doorH · streetI · meetI · restJ · nestJ · leaveK · eveK · homeL · comeL · lowM · goM · sayN · awayN · seemO · themeO · prolongP · alongP · allQ · wallQ
  5. 5 --AABBCCADBBDAEEFFGG dirt · resort · betweenA · sceneA · dayB · playB · againC · thenC · keenA · beenD · prayB · wayB · beenD · unseenA · prideE · diedE · standF · handF · yearsG · tearsG
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
The sun now sinks behind the woodland green,10·······/··
And twittering spangles glow the leaves between,11·/˘˘/˘·····
So bright and dazzling on the eye it plays10···/˘·····
As if noon’s heat had kindled to a blaze,10·····/˘···
But soon it dims in red and heavier hues,10·······/˘·
And shows wild fancy cheated in her views.10···/˘/˘···
A mist-like moisture rises from the ground,10···/˘/˘···
And deeper blueness stains the distant round.10·/˘/˘··/˘·
The eye each moment, as it gazes o’er,10···/˘··/˘·
Still loses objects which it mark’d before;10·/˘/˘·····
The woods at distance changing like to clouds,10···/˘/˘···
And spire-points croodling under evening’s shrouds;10·······/˘·
Till forms of things, and hues of leaf and flower,11·········/˘
In deeper shadows, as by magic power,11·/˘/···/˘/˘
With light and all, in scarce-perceiv’d decay,10······˘/˘/
Put on mild evening’s sober garb of grey.10···/˘/˘···
Now in the sleepy gloom that blackens round10···/˘··/˘·
Dies many a lulling hum of rural sound,10·/·/˘··/˘·
From cottage door, farm-yard and dusty lane,10·/˘····/˘·
Where home the cart-house tolters with the swain.10··········
Or padded holm, where village boys resort,10·/˘··/˘·˘/
Bawling enraptur’d o’er their evening sport,10/˘˘/˘··/˘·
Till night awakens superstition’s dread10··˘/˘·˘/˘·
And drives them prisoners to a restless bed.10···/˘··/˘·
Thrice happy eve of days no more to me!10·/˘·······
Whoever thought such change belong’d to thee?10˘/˘···˘/··
When, like to boys whom now thy gloom surrounds,10········˘/
I chas’d the stag, or play’d at fox-and-hounds,10··········
Or wander’d down the lane with many a mate10·/˘····/··
To play at see-saw on the pasture-gate,10·······/˘·
Or on the threshold of some cottage sat10···/···/˘·
To watch the flittings of the shrieking bat,10···/˘··/˘·
Who, seemly pleas’d to mock our treacherous view,10·/˘···//˘·
Would even swoop and touch us as he flew,10·/˘·······
And vainly still our hopes to entertain10·/˘·/···˘/
Would stint his route, and circle us again,--10·····/˘·˘/
Till, wearied out with many a coaxing call10·/˘··/·/˘·
Which boyish superstition loves to bawl,10·/˘·˘/˘···
His shrill song shrieking he betook to flight,10···/˘·˘/··
And left us puzzled in short-sighted night.10···/˘··/˘·
Those days have fled me, as from them they steal:10··········
And I’ve felt losses they must shortly feel;10···/˘··/˘·
But sure such ends make every bosom sore,10·····/˘/˘·
To think of pleasures we must meet no more.10···/˘·····
Now from the pasture milking-maidens come,10···/˘/˘/˘·
With each a swain to bear the burden home,10·······/˘·
Who often coax them on their pleasant way10·/˘····/˘·
To soodle longer out in love’s delay;10···/˘···˘/
While on a mole-hill, or a resting stile,10·······/˘·
The simple rustics try their arts the while10·/˘/˘·····
With glegging smiles, and hopes and fears between,10··········
Snatching a kiss to open what they mean:10/˘···/˘···
And all the utmost that their tongues can do,10···/······
The honey’d words which nature learns to woo,10·····/˘···
The wild-flower sweets of language, “love” and “dear,”10··/··/˘···
With warmest utterings meet each maiden’s ear;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Who as by magic smit, she knows not why,10···/˘·····
From the warm look that waits a wish’d reply10········˘/
Droops fearful down in love’s delightful swoon10·/˘···˘/˘·
As slinks the blossom from the suns of noon;10···/˘·····
While sighs half-smother’d from the throbbing breast,10···/˘··/˘·
And broken words sweet trembling o’er the rest,10·/˘··/˘···
And cheeks, in blushes burning, turn’d aside,10···/˘/˘·˘/
Betray the plainer what she strives to hide.10˘/·/˘·····
The amorous swain sees through the feign’d disguise,10·/˘·····˘/
Discerns the fondness she at first denies,10˘/·/˘···˘/
And with all passions love and truth can move10···/˘·····
Urges more strong the simpering maid to love;10/˘···/˘···
More freely using toying ways to win--10·/˘/˘/˘···
Tokens that echo from the soul within--10/˘·/˘·····
Her soft hand nipping, that with ardour burns,10···/˘··/˘·
And, timid, gentlier presses its returns;10·/˘··/˘·˘/
Then stealing pins with innocent deceit,10·/˘··/˘˘˘/
To loose the ’kerchief from its envied seat;10···/˘··/˘·
Then unawares her bonnet he’ll untie,10··˘/·/˘·˘/
Her dark-brown ringlets wiping gently by,10·····/˘/˘·
To steal a kiss in seemly feign’d disguise,10·····/˘·˘/
As love yields kinder taken by surprise:10···/˘/˘·˘/
While nearly conquer’d she less disapproves,10·/˘/˘··˘˘/
And owns at last, mid tears and sighs, she loves.10··········
With sweetest feelings that this world bestows10·/˘/˘···˘/
Now each to each their inmost souls disclose,10·····/˘·˘/
Vow to be true; and to be truly ta’en,10·······/˘·
Repeat their loves, and vow it o’er again;10˘/······˘/
And pause at loss of language to proclaim10·····/˘·˘/
Those purest pleasures, yet without a name:10·/˘/˘·····
And while, in highest ecstacy of bliss10···/˘·····
The shepherd holds her yielding hand in his10·/˘··/˘···
He turns to heaven to witness what he feels,10···/·/˘···
And silent shows what want of words conceals;10·/˘·····˘/
Then ere the parting moments hustle nigh,10···/˘/˘/˘·
And night in deeper dye his curtain dips,10···/˘··/˘·
Till next day’s evening glads the anxious eye,10···/˘··/˘·
He swears his truth, and seals it on her lips.10··········
At even’s hour, the truce of toil, ’tis sweet10·/˘/······
The sons of labour at their ease to meet,10···/······
On piled bench, beside the cottage door,10··˘·˘/·/˘·
Made up of mud and stones and sodded o’er;10·······/˘·
Where rustic taste at leisure trimly weaves10·/˘··/˘/˘·
The rose and straggling woodbine to the eaves,--10···/˘/˘···
And on the crowded spot that pales enclose10···/˘···˘/
The white and scarlet daisy rears in rows,--10···/˘/˘···
Training the trailing peas in bunches neat,10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Perfuming evening with a luscious sweet,--10˘/˘/˘··/˘·
And sun-flowers planting for their gilded show,10··//˘··/˘·
That scale the window’s lattice ere they blow,10···/˘/˘···
Then sweet to habitants within the sheds,10··········
Peep through the diamond pane their golden heads:10···/˘··/˘·
Or at the shop where ploughs and harrows lie,10·······/˘·
Well-known to every child that passes by10···/˘··/˘·
From shining fragments littering on the floor;10·/˘/˘/˘···
And branded letter burnt upon the door,10·/˘/˘·····
Where meddling boys, the torment of the street,10·/˘··/····
In hard-burnt cinders ready weapons meet,10···/˘/˘/˘·
To pelt the martins ’neath the eves at rest10···/˘·····
That oft are wak’d to mourn a ruin’d nest;10·······/˘·
Or sparrows, that delight their nests to leave,10·/˘·˘/····
In dust to flutter at the cool of eve.10···/˘·····
For such-like scenes the gossip leaves her home,10·····/˘···
And sons of labour light their pipes, and come10···/······
To talk of wages, whether high or low,10···/˘·····
And mumble news that still as secrets go;10·/˘····/˘·
When, heedless then to all the rest may say,10·/˘·······
The beckoning lover nods the maid away,10·/˘/˘···˘/
And at a distance many an hour they seem10···/˘/·/··
In jealous whisperings o’er their pleasing theme;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
While children round them teasing sports prolong,10·/˘··/˘·˘/
To twirl the top, or bounce the hoop along,10········˘/
Or shout across the street their “one catch all,”10··˘/······
Or prog the hous’d bee from the cotter’s wall.10·······/˘·
Now at the parish cottage wall’d with dirt,10···/˘/˘···
Where all the cumber-grounds of life resort,10···/˘···˘/
From the low door that bows two props between,10··········
Some feeble tottering dame surveys the scene;10·/˘/˘·˘/··
By them reminded of the long-lost day10··˘/˘·····
When she herself was young, and went to play;10··˘/······
And, turning to the painful scenes again,10·/˘··/˘·˘/
The mournful changes she has meet since then,10·/˘/˘·····
Her aching heart, the contrast moves so keen,10·/˘··/˘···
E’en sighs a wish that life had never been.10·······/˘·
Still vainly sinning, while she strives to pray,10·/˘/˘·····
Half-smother’d discontent pursues its way10·/˘˘˘/˘/··
In whispering Providence, how blest she’d been10·/˘/˘˘····
If life’s last troubles she’d escap’d unseen;10···/˘·˘/˘/
If, ere want sneak’d for grudg’d support from pride,10······˘/··
She had but shar’d of childhood’s joys, and died.10·····/····
And as to talk some passing neighbours stand,10·····/˘/˘·
And shove their box within her tottering hand,10·······/˘·
She turns from echoes of her younger years,10···/˘··/˘·
And nips the portion of her snuff with tears.10···/˘·····

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