The Last Man
All worldly shapes shall melt in gloom,The Sun himself must die,Before this mortal shall assumeIts Immortality!I saw a vision in my sleep,That gave my spirit strength to sweepAdown the gulph of Time!I saw the last of human mould,That shall Creation’s death behold,As Adam saw her prime!
The Sun’s eye had a sickly glare,The Earth with age was wan,The skeletons of nations wereAround that lonely man!Some had expired in fight,—the brandsStill rested in their bony hands;In plague and famine some!Earth’s cities had no sound nor tread;And ships were drifting with the deadTo shores where all was dumb!
Yet, prophet-like, that lone one stoodWith dauntless words and high,That shook the sere leaves from the woodAs if a storm passed by,Saying, “We are twins in death, proud Sun,Thy face is cold, thy race is run,’Tis Mercy bids thee go.For thou ten thousand thousand yearsHast seen the tide of human tears,That shall no longer flow.
“What though beneath thee man put forthHis pomp, his pride, his skill;And arts that made fire, flood, and earth,The vassals of his will;—Yet mourn I not thy parted sway,Thou dim discrownèd king of day:For all those trophied artsAnd triumphs that beneath thee sprang,Healed not a passion or a pangEntailed on human hearts.
“Go, let oblivion’s curtain fallUpon the stage of men,Nor with thy rising beams recallLife’s tragedy again.Its piteous pageants bring not back,Nor waken flesh, upon the rackOf pain anew to writhe;Stretched in disease’s shapes abhorred,Or mown in battle by the sword,Like grass beneath the scythe.
“E’en I am weary in yon skiesTo watch thy fading fire;Test of all sumless agonies,Behold not me expire.My lips that speak thy dirge of death—Their rounded gasp and gurgling breathTo see thou shalt not boast.The eclipse of Nature spreads my pall,—The majesty of Darkness shallReceive my parting ghost!
“This spirit shall return to HimThat gave its heavenly spark;Yet think not, Sun, it shall be dimWhen thou thyself art dark!No! it shall live again, and shineIn bliss unknown to beams of thine,By Him recalled to breath,Who captive led captivity,Who robbed the grave of Victory,—And took the sting from Death!
“Go, Sun, while Mercy holds me upOn Nature’s awful wasteTo drink this last and bitter cupOf grief that man shall taste—Go, tell the night that hides thy face,Thou saw’st the last of Adam’s race,On Earth’s sepulchral clod,The darkening universe defyTo quench his Immortality,Or shake his trust in God!”
VALEDICTORY STANZAS To J. P. KEMBLE, ESQ. COMPOSED FOR A PUBLIC MEETING,Held June, 1817.
Pride of the British stage,A long and last adieu!Whose image brought the heroic ageRevived to Fancy’s viewLike fields refreshed with dewy lightWhen the sun smiles his lastThy parting presence makes more brightOur memory of the past;And memory conjures feelings upThat wine or music need not swell,As high we lift the festal cupTo Kemble—fare thee well!
His was the spell o’er heartsWhich only Acting lends,—The youngest of the sister Arts,Where all their beauty blends:For ill can Poetry expressFull many a tone of thought sublime,And Painting, mute and motionless,Steals but a glance of time.But by the mighty actor brought,Illusion’s perfect triumphs come,—Verse ceases to be airy thought,And Sculpture to be dumb.
Time may again revive,But ne’er eclipse the charm,When Cato spoke in him alive,Or Hotspur kindled warm.What soul was not resigned entireTo the deep sorrows of the Moor,—What English heart was not on fireWith him at Agincourt?And yet a Majesty possessedHis transport’s most impetuous tone,And to each passion of his breastThe Graces gave their zone.
High were the task—too high,Ye conscious bosoms here!In words to paint your memoryOf Kemble and of Lear;But who forgets that white discrownèd head,Those bursts of Reason’s half-extinguished glare—Those tears upon Cordelia’s bosom shed,In doubt more touching than despair,If ’twas reality he felt?Had Shakespeare’s self amidst you been,Friends, he had seen you melt,And triumphed to have seen!
And there was many an hourOf blended kindred fame,When Siddons’ auxiliar powerAnd sister magic came.Together at the Muse’s sideThe tragic paragons had grown—They were the children of her pride,The columns of her throne,And undivided favour ranFrom heart to heart in their applause,Save for the gallantry of man,In lovelier woman’s cause.
Fair as some classic dome,Robust and richly graced,Your Kemble’s spirit was the homeOf genius and of taste:—Taste like the silent dial’s power,That when supernal light is given,Can measure inspiration’s hourAnd tell its height in Heaven.At once ennobled and correct,His mind surveyed the tragic page,And what the actor could effect,The scholar could presage.
These were his traits of worth:—And must we lose them now!And shall the scene no more show forthHis sternly pleasing brow!Alas, the moral brings a tear!—’Tis all a transient hour below;And we that would detain thee here,Ourselves as fleetly go!Yet shall our latest ageThis parting scene review:—Pride of the British stage,A long and last adieu!
Words in this poem 35
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- adown adv.
- From a higher to a lower situation; downward; down, to or on the ground. [OE. adun, adoun, adune. AS. of dune off the hill. See Down.]
- mould n.
- Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of plants; soil. [OE. molde, AS. molde; akin to D. mul, G. mull, mulm, OHG. molt, molta, Icel. mold, Dan. muld, Sw. mull, Goth. mulda, and E. meal flour. See Meal, and cf. Mole a]
- glare v. i.
- To shine with a bright, dazzling light. [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glær amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]
- famine n.
- General scarcity of food; dearth; a want of provisions; destitution. [F. famine, fr. L. fames hunger; cf. Gr. hani loss, lack, ha to leave.]
- lone n.
- A lane. See Loanin.
- dauntless a.
- Incapable of being daunted; undaunted; bold; fearless; intrepid.
- shook v. t.
- To pack, as staves, in a shook.
- sere n.
- Claw; talon. Chapman. [F. serre.]
- hast
- , 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
- trophied a.
- Adorned with trophies.
- oblivion n.
- The act of forgetting, or the state of being forgotten; cessation of remembrance; forgetfulness. [L. oblivio, akin to oblivisci to forget: cf. OF. oblivion.]
- waken v. i.
- To wake; to cease to sleep; to be awakened. [OE. waknen, AS. wæcnan; akin to Goth. gawaknan. See Wake, v. i.]
- mown p. p.
- Cut down by mowing, as grass; deprived of grass by mowing; as, a mown field.
- fading n.
- An Irish dance; also, the burden of a song.
- sumless a.
- Not to be summed up or computed; so great that the amount can not be ascertained; incalculable; inestimable.
- dirge n.
- A piece of music of a mournful character, to accompany funeral rites; a funeral hymn. [Contraction of Lat. dirige, direct thou (imperative of dirigere), the first word of a funeral hymn (Lat. transl. of Psalm v. 8) beginning, "Dirige, Domine, in c]
- gasp v. i.
- To open the mouth wide in catching the breath, or in laborious respiration; to labor for breath; to respire convulsively; to pant violently. [OE. gaspen, gaispen, to yawn, gasp, Icel. geispa to yawn; akin to Sw. gäspa, Dan. gispe to gasp.]
- shalt
- 2d per. sing. of Shall.
- ghost n.
- The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
- clod n.
- A lump or mass, especially of earth, turf, or clay. [OE. clodde, latter form of clot. See Clot.]
- defy v. t.
- To renounce or dissolve all bonds of affiance, faith, or obligation with; to reject, refuse, or renounce. [F. défier, OF. deffier, desfier, LL. disfidare to disown faith or fidelity, to dissolve the bond of allegiance, as between the vassal and his lord; hence, to ch]
- festal a.
- Of or pertaining to a holiday or a feast; joyous; festive. [L. festum holiday, feast. See feast.]
- spoke n.
- The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
- hotspur n.
- A rash, hot-headed man. Holinshed. [Hot + spur.]
- resigned a.
- Submissive; yielding; not disposed to resist or murmur.
- lear v. t.
- To learn. See Lere, to learn.
- amidst prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- favour n.
- Kind regard; propitious aspect; countenance; friendly disposition; kindness; good will. [Written also favour.]
- gallantry n.
- Splendor of appearance; ostentatious finery. [F. galanterie.]
- classic a.
- Of or relating to the first class or rank, especially in literature or art. [L. classicus relating to the classes of the Roman people, and especially to the frist class; hence, of the first rank, superior, from classis class: cf. F. clas]
- graced a.
- Endowed with grace; beautiful; full of graces; honorable.
- supernal a.
- Being in a higher place or region; locally higher; as, the supernal orbs; supernal regions. [L. supernus, from super above: cf. F. supernel. See Super-.]
- sternly adv.
- In a stern manner.
- fleetly adv.
- In a fleet manner; rapidly.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
The Last Man is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of Thomas Campbell, Project Gutenberg ebook #59788; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Thomas Campbell, The Last Man, in The Pleasures of Hope, and Other Poems (1824), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #59788, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/campbell-poems/the-last-man.html, id L24407.
Form and metre
The Last Man is 166 lines in 16 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%).
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 A-A-BBCDDC gloomA · die · assumeA · immortality · sleepB · sweepB · timeC · mouldD · beholdD · primeC
- 2 ----AABCCB glare · wan · were · man · brandsA · handsA · someB · treadC · deadC · dumbB
- 3 ABABCCDEED stoodA · highB · woodA · byB · sunC · runC · goD · yearsE · tearsE · flowD
- 4 -A-ABBCDDC forth · skillA · earth · willA · swayB · dayB · artsC · sprangD · pangD · heartsC
- 5 ABABCCDEED fallA · menB · recallA · againB · backC · rackC · writheD · abhorredE · swordE · scytheD
- 6 ABABCCD--D skiesA · fireB · agoniesA · expireB · deathC · breathC · boastD · pall · shall · ghostD
- 7 ABABCCD--D himA · sparkB · dimA · darkB · shineC · thineC · breathD · captivity · victory · deathD
- 8 ABABCCD--D upA · wasteB · cupA · tasteB · faceC · raceC · clodD · defy · immortality · godD
- 10 ABABCDCDEFEF stageA · adieuB · ageA · viewB · lightC · lastD · brightC · pastD · upE · swellF · cupE · wellF
- 11 ABABCDCDEFEF heartsA · lendsB · artsA · blendsB · expressC · sublimeD · motionlessC · timeD · broughtE · comeF · thoughtE · dumbF
- 12 A-A-B-B-CDCD reviveA · charm · aliveA · warm · entireB · moor · fireB · agincourt · possessedC · toneD · breastC · zoneD
- 13 -A-ABCBCD-D- high · hereA · memory · learA · headB · glareC · shedB · despairC · feltD · been · meltD · seen
- 14 ABABCDCDEFEF hourA · fameB · powerA · cameB · sideC · grownD · prideC · throneD · ranE · applauseF · manE · causeF
- 15 ABABC-C-DEDE domeA · gracedB · homeA · tasteB · powerC · given · hourC · heaven · correctD · pageE · effectD · presageE
- 16 -A-ABCBCDEDE worth · nowA · forth · browA · tearB · belowC · hereB · goC · ageD · reviewE · stageD · adieuE
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| All worldly shapes shall melt in gloom, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| The Sun himself must die, | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| Before this mortal shall assume | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| Its Immortality! | 6 | ··˘/˘˘ |
| I saw a vision in my sleep, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| That gave my spirit strength to sweep | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Adown the gulph of Time! | 6 | ˘/···· |
| I saw the last of human mould, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| That shall Creation’s death behold, | 8 | ··˘/˘·˘/ |
| As Adam saw her prime! | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| The Sun’s eye had a sickly glare, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| The Earth with age was wan, | 6 | ······ |
| The skeletons of nations were | 8 | ·/˘˘·/˘· |
| Around that lonely man! | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Some had expired in fight,—the brands | 8 | ··˘/···· |
| Still rested in their bony hands; | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| In plague and famine some! | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Earth’s cities had no sound nor tread; | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| And ships were drifting with the dead | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| To shores where all was dumb! | 6 | ······ |
| Yet, prophet-like, that lone one stood | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| With dauntless words and high, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| That shook the sere leaves from the wood | 8 | ········ |
| As if a storm passed by, | 6 | ······ |
| Saying, “We are twins in death, proud Sun, | 9 | /˘······· |
| Thy face is cold, thy race is run, | 8 | ········ |
| ’Tis Mercy bids thee go. | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| For thou ten thousand thousand years | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Hast seen the tide of human tears, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| That shall no longer flow. | 6 | ···/˘· |
| “What though beneath thee man put forth | 8 | ········ |
| His pomp, his pride, his skill; | 6 | ······ |
| And arts that made fire, flood, and earth, | 9 | ····/˘··· |
| The vassals of his will;— | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Yet mourn I not thy parted sway, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Thou dim discrownèd king of day: | 7 | ······· |
| For all those trophied arts | 6 | ···/˘· |
| And triumphs that beneath thee sprang, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Healed not a passion or a pang | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Entailed on human hearts. | 6 | ˘/·/˘· |
| “Go, let oblivion’s curtain fall | 9 | ··˘/˘˘/˘· |
| Upon the stage of men, | 6 | ······ |
| Nor with thy rising beams recall | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| Life’s tragedy again. | 6 | ·/˘˘˘/ |
| Its piteous pageants bring not back, | 9 | ·/˘˘/˘··· |
| Nor waken flesh, upon the rack | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Of pain anew to writhe; | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| Stretched in disease’s shapes abhorred, | 8 | ··˘/˘·˘/ |
| Or mown in battle by the sword, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Like grass beneath the scythe. | 6 | ······ |
| “E’en I am weary in yon skies | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| To watch thy fading fire; | 7 | ···/˘/˘ |
| Test of all sumless agonies, | 8 | ···/˘/˘˘ |
| Behold not me expire. | 6 | ˘/··˘/ |
| My lips that speak thy dirge of death— | 8 | ········ |
| Their rounded gasp and gurgling breath | 9 | ·/˘··/˘˘· |
| To see thou shalt not boast. | 6 | ······ |
| The eclipse of Nature spreads my pall,— | 9 | ·˘/·/˘··· |
| The majesty of Darkness shall | 8 | ·/˘˘·/˘· |
| Receive my parting ghost! | 6 | ˘/·/˘· |
| “This spirit shall return to Him | 8 | ·/˘·˘/·· |
| That gave its heavenly spark; | 7 | ···/˘˘· |
| Yet think not, Sun, it shall be dim | 8 | ········ |
| When thou thyself art dark! | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| No! it shall live again, and shine | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| In bliss unknown to beams of thine, | 8 | ··˘/···· |
| By Him recalled to breath, | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| Who captive led captivity, | 8 | ·/˘·˘/˘˘ |
| Who robbed the grave of Victory,— | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| And took the sting from Death! | 6 | ······ |
| “Go, Sun, while Mercy holds me up | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| On Nature’s awful waste | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| To drink this last and bitter cup | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Of grief that man shall taste— | 6 | ······ |
| Go, tell the night that hides thy face, | 8 | ········ |
| Thou saw’st the last of Adam’s race, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| On Earth’s sepulchral clod, | 6 | ··˘/˘· |
| The darkening universe defy | 9 | ·/˘˘/˘·˘/ |
| To quench his Immortality, | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| Or shake his trust in God!” | 6 | ······ |
| VALEDICTORY STANZAS To J. P. KEMBLE, ESQ. COMPOSED FOR A PUBLIC MEETING, | 20 | ·˘/˘/˘···/˘·˘/··/˘/˘ |
| Held June, 1817. | 2 | ·· |
| Pride of the British stage, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| A long and last adieu! | 6 | ····˘/ |
| Whose image brought the heroic age | 9 | ·/˘··˘/˘· |
| Revived to Fancy’s view | 6 | ˘/·/˘· |
| Like fields refreshed with dewy light | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| When the sun smiles his last | 6 | ······ |
| Thy parting presence makes more bright | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Our memory of the past; | 8 | /˘/˘˘··· |
| And memory conjures feelings up | 9 | ·/˘˘/˘/˘· |
| That wine or music need not swell, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| As high we lift the festal cup | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| To Kemble—fare thee well! | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| His was the spell o’er hearts | 6 | ······ |
| Which only Acting lends,— | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| The youngest of the sister Arts, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Where all their beauty blends: | 6 | ···/˘· |
| For ill can Poetry express | 8 | ···/˘˘˘/ |
| Full many a tone of thought sublime, | 9 | ·/˘····˘/ |
| And Painting, mute and motionless, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘˘ |
| Steals but a glance of time. | 6 | ······ |
| But by the mighty actor brought, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Illusion’s perfect triumphs come,— | 8 | ˘/˘/·/˘· |
| Verse ceases to be airy thought, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And Sculpture to be dumb. | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Time may again revive, | 6 | ··˘/˘/ |
| But ne’er eclipse the charm, | 6 | ··˘/·· |
| When Cato spoke in him alive, | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| Or Hotspur kindled warm. | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| What soul was not resigned entire | 9 | ····˘/˘/˘ |
| To the deep sorrows of the Moor,— | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| What English heart was not on fire | 9 | ·/˘····/˘ |
| With him at Agincourt? | 6 | ···/˘· |
| And yet a Majesty possessed | 8 | ···/˘˘˘/ |
| His transport’s most impetuous tone, | 8 | ·/˘·˘/˘· |
| And to each passion of his breast | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The Graces gave their zone. | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| High were the task—too high, | 6 | ······ |
| Ye conscious bosoms here! | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| In words to paint your memory | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| Of Kemble and of Lear; | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| But who forgets that white discrownèd head, | 9 | ··˘/····· |
| Those bursts of Reason’s half-extinguished glare— | 10 | ···/˘·˘/˘· |
| Those tears upon Cordelia’s bosom shed, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| In doubt more touching than despair, | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| If ’twas reality he felt? | 8 | ··˘/˘˘·· |
| Had Shakespeare’s self amidst you been, | 8 | ·/··˘/·· |
| Friends, he had seen you melt, | 6 | ······ |
| And triumphed to have seen! | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| And there was many an hour | 8 | ···/˘·/˘ |
| Of blended kindred fame, | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| When Siddons’ auxiliar power | 8 | ·/˘˘/˘/˘ |
| And sister magic came. | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| Together at the Muse’s side | 8 | ˘/˘··/˘· |
| The tragic paragons had grown— | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| They were the children of her pride, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The columns of her throne, | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| And undivided favour ran | 8 | ··˘/˘/˘· |
| From heart to heart in their applause, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Save for the gallantry of man, | 8 | ···/˘˘·· |
| In lovelier woman’s cause. | 7 | ····/˘· |
| Fair as some classic dome, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| Robust and richly graced, | 6 | ˘/·/˘· |
| Your Kemble’s spirit was the home | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Of genius and of taste:— | 6 | ·/˘··· |
| Taste like the silent dial’s power, | 9 | ···/˘/˘/˘ |
| That when supernal light is given, | 9 | ··˘/˘··/˘ |
| Can measure inspiration’s hour | 9 | ·/˘·˘/˘/˘ |
| And tell its height in Heaven. | 7 | ·····/˘ |
| At once ennobled and correct, | 8 | ··˘/˘·˘/ |
| His mind surveyed the tragic page, | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| And what the actor could effect, | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| The scholar could presage. | 6 | ·/˘·/˘ |
| These were his traits of worth:— | 6 | ······ |
| And must we lose them now! | 6 | ······ |
| And shall the scene no more show forth | 8 | ········ |
| His sternly pleasing brow! | 6 | ·/˘/˘· |
| Alas, the moral brings a tear!— | 8 | ˘/·/˘··· |
| ’Tis all a transient hour below; | 9 | ···/˘/˘·· |
| And we that would detain thee here, | 8 | ····˘/·· |
| Ourselves as fleetly go! | 7 | ˘˘/·/˘· |
| Yet shall our latest age | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| This parting scene review:— | 6 | ·/˘··/ |
| Pride of the British stage, | 6 | ···/˘· |
| A long and last adieu! | 6 | ····˘/ |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.