To Gavin Hamilton, Esq

Robert Burns (1759–1796) · 1786–1796

iambic tetrameter · octosyllabic couplets · 134 lines · from Poems and Songs

Expect na, sir, in this narration,A fleechin, fleth’rin Dedication,To roose you up, an’ ca’ you guid,An’ sprung o’ great an’ noble bluid,Because ye’re surnam’d like His Grace—Perhaps related to the race:Then, when I’m tir’d—and sae are ye,Wi’ mony a fulsome, sinfu’ lie,Set up a face how I stop short,For fear your modesty be hurt.

This may do—maun do, sir, wi’ them whaMaun please the great folk for a wamefou;For me! sae laigh I need na bow,For, Lord be thankit, I can plough;And when I downa yoke a naig,Then, Lord be thankit, I can beg;Sae I shall say—an’ that’s nae flatt’rin—It’s just sic Poet an’ sic Patron.

The Poet, some guid angel help him,Or else, I fear, some ill ane skelp him!He may do weel for a’ he’s done yet,But only—he’s no just begun yet.

The Patron (sir, ye maun forgie me;I winna lie, come what will o’ me),On ev’ry hand it will allow’d be,He’s just—nae better than he should be.

I readily and freely grant,He downa see a poor man want;What’s no his ain, he winna tak it;What ance he says, he winna break it;Ought he can lend he’ll no refus’t,Till aft his guidness is abus’d;And rascals whiles that do him wrang,Ev’n that, he does na mind it lang;As master, landlord, husband, father,He does na fail his part in either.

But then, nae thanks to him for a’that;Nae godly symptom ye can ca’ that;It’s naething but a milder featureOf our poor, sinfu’ corrupt nature:Ye’ll get the best o’ moral works,’Mang black Gentoos, and pagan Turks,Or hunters wild on Ponotaxi,Wha never heard of orthodoxy.That he’s the poor man’s friend in need,The gentleman in word and deed,It’s no thro’ terror of damnation;It’s just a carnal inclination.

Morality, thou deadly bane,Thy tens o’ thousands thou hast slain!Vain is his hope, whase stay an’ trust isIn moral mercy, truth, and justice!

No—stretch a point to catch a plack:Abuse a brother to his back;Steal through the winnock frae a whore,But point the rake that taks the door;Be to the poor like ony whunstane,And haud their noses to the grunstane;Ply ev’ry art o’ legal thieving;No matter—stick to sound believing.

Learn three-mile pray’rs, an’ half-mile graces,Wi’ weel-spread looves, an’ lang, wry faces;Grunt up a solemn, lengthen’d groan,And damn a’ parties but your own;I’ll warrant they ye’re nae deceiver,A steady, sturdy, staunch believer.

O ye wha leave the springs o’ Calvin,For gumlie dubs of your ain delvin!Ye sons of Heresy and Error,Ye’ll some day squeel in quaking terror,When Vengeance draws the sword in wrath.And in the fire throws the sheath;When Ruin, with his sweeping besom,Just frets till Heav’n commission gies him;While o’er the harp pale Misery moans,And strikes the ever-deep’ning tones,Still louder shrieks, and heavier groans!

Your pardon, sir, for this digression:I maist forgat my Dedication;But when divinity comes ’cross me,My readers still are sure to lose me.

So, sir, you see ’twas nae daft vapour;But I maturely thought it proper,When a’ my works I did review,To dedicate them, sir, to you:Because (ye need na tak it ill),I thought them something like yoursel’.

Then patronize them wi’ your favor,And your petitioner shall ever—I had amaist said, ever pray,But that’s a word I need na say;For prayin, I hae little skill o’t,I’m baith dead-sweer, an’ wretched ill o’t;But I’se repeat each poor man’s pray’r,That kens or hears about you, sir—

“May ne’er Misfortune’s gowling bark,Howl thro’ the dwelling o’ the clerk!May ne’er his genrous, honest heart,For that same gen’rous spirit smart!May Kennedy’s far-honour’d nameLang beet his hymeneal flame,Till Hamiltons, at least a dizzen,Are frae their nuptial labours risen:Five bonie lasses round their table,And sev’n braw fellows, stout an’ able,To serve their king an’ country weel,By word, or pen, or pointed steel!May health and peace, with mutual rays,Shine on the ev’ning o’ his days;Till his wee, curlie John’s ier-oe,When ebbing life nae mair shall flow,The last, sad, mournful rites bestow!”

I will not wind a lang conclusion,With complimentary effusion;But, whilst your wishes and endeavoursAre blest with Fortune’s smiles and favours,I am, dear sir, with zeal most fervent,Your much indebted, humble servant.

But if (which Pow’rs above prevent)That iron-hearted carl, Want,Attended, in his grim advances,By sad mistakes, and black mischances,While hopes, and joys, and pleasures fly him,Make you as poor a dog as I am,Your humble servant then no more;For who would humbly serve the poor?But, by a poor man’s hopes in Heav’n!While recollection’s pow’r is giv’n—If, in the vale of humble life,The victim sad of fortune’s strife,I, thro’ the tender-gushing tear,Should recognise my master dear;If friendless, low, we meet together,Then, sir, your hand—my Friend and Brother!

Words in this poem 31
expect v. t.
To wait for; to await. [L. expectatum, to look out for, await, expect; ex + out spectare to look at. See Spectacle.]
fulsome a.
Full; abundant; plenteous; not shriveled. [Full, a. + -some.]
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
skelp n.
A blow; a smart stroke. Brockett. [Cf. Prov. E. skelp to kick severely, to move rapidly; Gael. sgealp, n., a slap with the palm of the hand, v., to strike with the palm of the hand.]
weel
A kind of trap or snare for fish, made of twigs. Carew. [Prov. E. weel, weal, a wicker basket to catch eels; prob. akin to willow, and so called as made of willow twigs.]
ought p. p.
Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Orig. the preterit of the verb to owe. OE. oughte, aughte, ahte, AS. ahte. sq. root110. See Owe.]
whiles conj.
During the time that; while. Chaucer. Fuller.
orthodoxy n.
Soundness of faith; a belief in the doctrines taught in the Scriptures, or in some established standard of faith; -- opposed to heterodoxy or to heresy. [Gr. orthodoxie. See Orthodox.]
damnation n.
The state of being damned; condemnation; openly expressed disapprobation. [F. damnation, L. damnatio, fr. damnare. See Damn.]
bane v. t.
To be the bane of; to ruin. Fuller.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
plack n.
A small copper coin formerly current in Scotland, worth less than a cent. [F. plaque a plate of metal. Cf. Plaque.]
whore n.
A woman who practices unlawful sexual commerce with men, especially one who prostitutes her body for hire; a prostitute; a harlot. Wyclif. [OE. hore, AS. h; akin to D. hoer, hoere, G. hure, OHG. huora, huorra, Icel. h, Dan. hore, Sw. hora, Goth. h an adulterer, AS. h adultery, OHG. huor, and probabl]
damn v. t.
To condemn; to declare guilty; to doom; to adjudge to punishment; to sentence; to censhure. [OE. damnen dap), OF. damner, dampner, F. damner, fr. L. damnare, damnatum, to condemn, fr. damnum damage, a fine, penalty. Cf. Condemn, Damage.]
besom n.
A brush of twigs for sweeping; a broom; anything which sweeps away or destroys. [OE. besme, besum, AS. besma; akin to D. bezem, OHG pesamo, G. besen; of uncertain origin.]
daft a.
Stupid; folish; idiotic; also, delirious; insance; as, he has gone daft. [OE. daft, deft, deft, stupid; prob. the same word as E. deft. See Deft.]
vapour n.
Any substance in the gaseous, or aëriform, state, the condition of which is ordinarily that of a liquid or solid. [OE. vapour, OF. vapour, vapor, vapeur, F. vapeur, L. vapor; probably for cvapor, and akin to Gr. kvepti to breathe, smell, Russ. kopote fine soot. Cf. Vapid.]
maturely adv.
In a mature manner; with ripeness; completely.
patronize v. t.
To act as patron toward; to support; to countenance; to favor; to aid.
clerk n.
A clergyman or ecclesiastic. [Either OF. clerc, fr. L. clericus a priest, or AS. clerc, cleric, clerk, priest, fr. L. clericus, fr. Gr. Clergy.]
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
hymeneal a.
Of or pertaining to marriage; as, hymeneal rites. [L. hymeneius, a., also Hymenaeus, n., Hymen, Gr. hyménéal, hyménéen.]
braw a.
Well-dressed; handsome; smart; brave; -- used of persons or their clothing, etc.; as, a braw lad.
fervent a.
Hot; glowing; boiling; burning; as, a fervent summer. [F. fervent, L. fervens, -entis. p.pr. of fervere o the boiling hot, to boil, glow.]
carl n.
A rude, rustic man; a churl. [Icel, karl a male, a man; akin to AS. ceorl, OHG. charal, G. kerl fellow. See Churl.]
humbly adv.
With humility; lowly.
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
recognise v. t.
To know again; to perceive the identity of, with a person or thing previously known; to recover or recall knowledge of. [From Recognizance; see Cognition, and cf. Reconnoiter.]
friendless a.
Destitute of friends; forsaken. [AS. freóndleás.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

To Gavin Hamilton, Esq is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems and Songs of Robert Burns, Project Gutenberg ebook #1279; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Robert Burns, To Gavin Hamilton, Esq, in Poems and Songs (1786–1796), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1279, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/burns-poems/to-gavin-hamilton-esq.html, id L03030.

Form and metre

To Gavin Hamilton, Esq is 134 lines in 16 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 57% of the lines: octosyllabic couplets. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.5 syllables. 40 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending.

See other poems in octosyllabic couplets, other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDD-- narrationA · dedicationA · guidB · bluidB · graceC · raceC · yeD · lieD · short · hurt
  2. 2 --AA---- wha · wamefou · bowA · ploughA · naig · beg · flatt'rin · patron
  3. 3 AABB himA · himA · yetB · yetB
  4. 4 AAAA meA · meA · beA · beA
  5. 5 --AA--BB-- grant · want · itA · itA · refus't · abus'd · wrangB · langB · father · either
  6. 6 ----AA--BBCC a'that · that · feature · nature · worksA · turksA · ponotaxi · orthodoxy · needB · deedB · damnationC · inclinationC
  7. 7 AA-- baneA · slainA · is · justice
  8. 8 AABBCCDD plackA · backA · whoreB · doorB · whunstaneC · grunstaneC · thievingD · believingD
  9. 9 AABBCC gracesA · facesA · groanB · ownB · deceiverC · believerC
  10. 10 --AA----BBB calvin · delvin · errorA · terrorA · wrath · sheath · besom · him · moansB · tonesB · groansB
  11. 11 --AA digression · dedication · meA · meA
  12. 12 --AA-- vapour · proper · reviewA · youA · ill · yoursel
  13. 13 --AABB-- favor · ever · prayA · sayA · o'tB · o'tB · pray'r · sir
  14. 14 --AABB--CCDDEE-FF bark · clerk · heartA · smartA · nameB · flameB · dizzen · risen · tableC · ableC · weelD · steelD · raysE · daysE · oe · flowF · bestowF
  15. 15 AA--BB conclusionA · effusionA · endeavours · favours · ferventB · servantB
  16. 16 --AA------BBCC-- prevent · want · advancesA · mischancesA · him · am · more · poor · heav'n · giv'n · lifeB · strifeB · tearC · dearC · together · brother
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Expect na, sir, in this narration,9˘/····˘/˘
A fleechin, fleth’rin Dedication,9······˘/˘
To roose you up, an’ ca’ you guid,8········
An’ sprung o’ great an’ noble bluid,8·····/˘·
Because ye’re surnam’d like His Grace—8········
Perhaps related to the race:8˘/˘/˘···
Then, when I’m tir’d—and sae are ye,8···/····
Wi’ mony a fulsome, sinfu’ lie,9·/˘·/˘···
Set up a face how I stop short,8········
For fear your modesty be hurt.8···/˘˘··
This may do—maun do, sir, wi’ them wha9·········
Maun please the great folk for a wamefou;10··········
For me! sae laigh I need na bow,8········
For, Lord be thankit, I can plough;8········
And when I downa yoke a naig,8········
Then, Lord be thankit, I can beg;8········
Sae I shall say—an’ that’s nae flatt’rin—9·········
It’s just sic Poet an’ sic Patron.9···/˘··/˘
The Poet, some guid angel help him,9·/˘··/˘··
Or else, I fear, some ill ane skelp him!9·········
He may do weel for a’ he’s done yet,9·········
But only—he’s no just begun yet.9·/˘···˘/·
The Patron (sir, ye maun forgie me;9·/˘···/˘·
I winna lie, come what will o’ me),9·········
On ev’ry hand it will allow’d be,9······˘/·
He’s just—nae better than he should be.9···/˘····
I readily and freely grant,8·/˘˘·/˘·
He downa see a poor man want;8········
What’s no his ain, he winna tak it;9·········
What ance he says, he winna break it;9·········
Ought he can lend he’ll no refus’t,8········
Till aft his guidness is abus’d;8······˘/
And rascals whiles that do him wrang,8·/˘·····
Ev’n that, he does na mind it lang;8········
As master, landlord, husband, father,9·/˘/·/˘/˘
He does na fail his part in either.9·······/˘
But then, nae thanks to him for a’that;9·········
Nae godly symptom ye can ca’ that;9·/˘/˘····
It’s naething but a milder feature9·····/˘/˘
Of our poor, sinfu’ corrupt nature:9·/···˘//˘
Ye’ll get the best o’ moral works,8·····/˘·
’Mang black Gentoos, and pagan Turks,8·····/˘·
Or hunters wild on Ponotaxi,9·/˘······
Wha never heard of orthodoxy.9·/˘··/˘·˘
That he’s the poor man’s friend in need,8········
The gentleman in word and deed,8·/˘˘····
It’s no thro’ terror of damnation;9···/˘·˘/˘
It’s just a carnal inclination.9···/˘·˘/˘
Morality, thou deadly bane,8˘/˘˘·/˘·
Thy tens o’ thousands thou hast slain!8···/˘···
Vain is his hope, whase stay an’ trust is9·········
In moral mercy, truth, and justice!9·/˘/˘··/˘
No—stretch a point to catch a plack:8········
Abuse a brother to his back;8˘/·/˘···
Steal through the winnock frae a whore,8········
But point the rake that taks the door;8········
Be to the poor like ony whunstane,9·····/˘··
And haud their noses to the grunstane;9···/˘····
Ply ev’ry art o’ legal thieving;9·····/˘/˘
No matter—stick to sound believing.9·/˘···˘/˘
Learn three-mile pray’rs, an’ half-mile graces,9·······/˘
Wi’ weel-spread looves, an’ lang, wry faces;9·······/˘
Grunt up a solemn, lengthen’d groan,8···/˘/˘·
And damn a’ parties but your own;8···/˘···
I’ll warrant they ye’re nae deceiver,9·/˘···˘/˘
A steady, sturdy, staunch believer.9·/˘/˘·˘/˘
O ye wha leave the springs o’ Calvin,9·······/˘
For gumlie dubs of your ain delvin!9·······/˘
Ye sons of Heresy and Error,9···/˘˘·/˘
Ye’ll some day squeel in quaking terror,9·····/˘/˘
When Vengeance draws the sword in wrath.8·/˘·····
And in the fire throws the sheath;8···/˘···
When Ruin, with his sweeping besom,9·/˘··/˘/˘
Just frets till Heav’n commission gies him;9····˘/˘··
While o’er the harp pale Misery moans,8·····/˘·
And strikes the ever-deep’ning tones,8···/˘···
Still louder shrieks, and heavier groans!8·/··/˘˘·
Your pardon, sir, for this digression:9·/˘···˘/˘
I maist forgat my Dedication;9······˘/˘
But when divinity comes ’cross me,8··˘/˘···
My readers still are sure to lose me.9·/˘······
So, sir, you see ’twas nae daft vapour;9·······/˘
But I maturely thought it proper,9··˘/˘··/˘
When a’ my works I did review,8·······/
To dedicate them, sir, to you:8·/˘·····
Because (ye need na tak it ill),8········
I thought them something like yoursel’.8···/˘···
Then patronize them wi’ your favor,9·/˘····/˘
And your petitioner shall ever—9··˘/˘˘·/˘
I had amaist said, ever pray,8·····/˘·
But that’s a word I need na say;8········
For prayin, I hae little skill o’t,8····/˘··
I’m baith dead-sweer, an’ wretched ill o’t;9·····/˘··
But I’se repeat each poor man’s pray’r,8··˘/····
That kens or hears about you, sir—8········
“May ne’er Misfortune’s gowling bark,8··˘/˘···
Howl thro’ the dwelling o’ the clerk!8···/˘···
May ne’er his genrous, honest heart,8·····/˘·
For that same gen’rous spirit smart!8·····/˘·
May Kennedy’s far-honour’d name8·/˘˘····
Lang beet his hymeneal flame,7·······
Till Hamiltons, at least a dizzen,8·/˘·····
Are frae their nuptial labours risen:9···/˘/˘/˘
Five bonie lasses round their table,9···/˘··/˘
And sev’n braw fellows, stout an’ able,9···/˘··/˘
To serve their king an’ country weel,8·····/˘·
By word, or pen, or pointed steel!8·····/˘·
May health and peace, with mutual rays,8·····/˘·
Shine on the ev’ning o’ his days;8········
Till his wee, curlie John’s ier-oe,8········
When ebbing life nae mair shall flow,8·/˘·····
The last, sad, mournful rites bestow!”8···/˘·˘/
I will not wind a lang conclusion,9······˘/˘
With complimentary effusion;9··˘/˘˘˘/˘
But, whilst your wishes and endeavours9···/˘·˘/˘
Are blest with Fortune’s smiles and favours,9···/˘··/˘
I am, dear sir, with zeal most fervent,9·······/˘
Your much indebted, humble servant.9··˘/˘/˘/˘
But if (which Pow’rs above prevent)8······˘/
That iron-hearted carl, Want,7·/˘/˘··
Attended, in his grim advances,9˘/˘···˘/˘
By sad mistakes, and black mischances,9··˘/·····
While hopes, and joys, and pleasures fly him,9·····/˘··
Make you as poor a dog as I am,9·········
Your humble servant then no more;8·/˘/˘···
For who would humbly serve the poor?8···/˘···
But, by a poor man’s hopes in Heav’n!8········
While recollection’s pow’r is giv’n—8··˘/˘···
If, in the vale of humble life,8·····/˘·
The victim sad of fortune’s strife,8·/˘··/˘·
I, thro’ the tender-gushing tear,8···/˘/˘·
Should recognise my master dear;8·/˘··/˘·
If friendless, low, we meet together,9·/˘···˘/˘
Then, sir, your hand—my Friend and Brother!9·······/˘

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