Per Contra
Thro’ a’ the streets an’ neuks o’ Killie;Tell ev’ry social honest billieTo cease his grievin’;For, yet unskaithed by Death’s gleg gullie.Tam Samson’s leevin’!
Words in this poem
- gleg a.
- Quick of perception; alert; sharp. Jamieson. [Icel. glöggr.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Per Contra is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems and Songs of Robert Burns, Project Gutenberg ebook #1279; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Robert Burns, Per Contra, in Poems and Songs (1786–1796), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1279, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/burns-poems/per-contra.html, id L03059.
Form and metre
Per Contra is 5 lines in a single stanza. It rhymes AABAB. This poem did not settle on a metre of its own; the book it comes from is in iambic tetrameter. 100% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.4 syllables. 1 line ends on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending.
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABAB killieA · billieA · grievinB · gullieA · leevinB
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Thro’ a’ the streets an’ neuks o’ Killie; | 9 | ········· |
| Tell ev’ry social honest billie | 9 | ···/˘/˘/˘ |
| To cease his grievin’; | 5 | ····· |
| For, yet unskaithed by Death’s gleg gullie. | 9 | ········· |
| Tam Samson’s leevin’! | 5 | ·/˘·· |
Notes from the edition 1
Notes from The Complete Works of Robert Burns (Project Gutenberg #1279).
- Line 1 Kilmarnock.—R. B.
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.