Addressed to R. Graham, Esq. of Fintry

Robert Burns (1759–1796) · 1786–1796

iambic tetrameter · 161 lines · from Poems and Songs

Fintry, my stay in wordly strife,Friend o’ my muse, friend o’ my life,Are ye as idle’s I am?Come then, wi’ uncouth kintra fleg,O’er Pegasus I’ll fling my leg,And ye shall see me try him.

But where shall I go rin a ride,That I may splatter nane beside?I wad na be uncivil:In manhood’s various paths and waysThere’s aye some doytin’ body strays,And I ride like the devil.

Thus I break aff wi’ a’ my birr,And down yon dark, deep alley spur,Where Theologics daunder:Alas! curst wi’ eternal fogs,And damn’d in everlasting bogs,As sure’s the creed I’ll blunder!

I’ll stain a band, or jaup a gown,Or rin my reckless, guilty crownAgainst the haly door:Sair do I rue my luckless fate,When, as the Muse an’ Deil wad hae’t,I rade that road before.

Suppose I take a spurt, and mixAmang the wilds o’ Politics—Electors and elected,Where dogs at Court (sad sons of bitches!)Septennially a madness touches,Till all the land’s infected.

All hail! Drumlanrig’s haughty Grace,Discarded remnant of a raceOnce godlike—great in story;Thy forbears’ virtues all contrasted,The very name of Douglas blasted,Thine that inverted glory!

Hate, envy, oft the Douglas bore,But thou hast superadded more,And sunk them in contempt;Follies and crimes have stain’d the name,But, Queensberry, thine the virgin claim,From aught that’s good exempt!

I’ll sing the zeal Drumlanrig bears,Who left the all-important caresOf princes, and their darlings:And, bent on winning borough touns,Came shaking hands wi’ wabster-loons,And kissing barefit carlins.

Combustion thro’ our boroughs rode,Whistling his roaring pack abroadOf mad unmuzzled lions;As Queensberry blue and buff unfurl’d,And Westerha’ and Hopetoun hurledTo every Whig defiance.

But cautious Queensberry left the war,Th’ unmanner’d dust might soil his star,Besides, he hated bleeding:But left behind him heroes bright,Heroes in Caesarean fight,Or Ciceronian pleading.

O for a throat like huge Mons-Meg,To muster o’er each ardent WhigBeneath Drumlanrig’s banners;Heroes and heroines commix,All in the field of politics,To win immortal honours.

M’Murdo and his lovely spouse,(Th’ enamour’d laurels kiss her brows!)Led on the Loves and Graces:She won each gaping burgess’ heart,While he, sub rosa, played his partAmang their wives and lasses.

Craigdarroch led a light-arm’d core,Tropes, metaphors, and figures pour,Like Hecla streaming thunder:Glenriddel, skill’d in rusty coins,Blew up each Tory’s dark designs,And bared the treason under.

In either wing two champions fought;Redoubted Staig, who set at noughtThe wildest savage Tory;And Welsh who ne’er yet flinch’d his ground,High-wav’d his magnum-bonum roundWith Cyclopeian fury.

Miller brought up th’ artillery ranks,The many-pounders of the Banks,Resistless desolation!While Maxwelton, that baron bold,’Mid Lawson’s port entrench’d his hold,And threaten’d worse damnation.

To these what Tory hosts oppos’dWith these what Tory warriors clos’dSurpasses my descriving;Squadrons, extended long and large,With furious speed rush to the charge,Like furious devils driving.

What verse can sing, what prose narrate,The butcher deeds of bloody Fate,Amid this mighty tulyie!Grim Horror girn’d, pale Terror roar’d,As Murder at his thrapple shor’d,And Hell mix’d in the brulyie.

As Highland craigs by thunder cleft,When lightnings fire the stormy lift,Hurl down with crashing rattle;As flames among a hundred woods,As headlong foam from a hundred floods,Such is the rage of Battle.

The stubborn Tories dare to die;As soon the rooted oaks would flyBefore th’ approaching fellers:The Whigs come on like Ocean’s roar,When all his wintry billows pourAgainst the Buchan Bullers.

Lo, from the shades of Death’s deep night,Departed Whigs enjoy the fight,And think on former daring:The muffled murtherer of CharlesThe Magna Charter flag unfurls,All deadly gules its bearing.

Nor wanting ghosts of Tory fame;Bold Scrimgeour follows gallant Graham;Auld Covenanters shiver—Forgive! forgive! much-wrong’d Montrose!Now Death and Hell engulph thy foes,Thou liv’st on high for ever.

Still o’er the field the combat burns,The Tories, Whigs, give way by turns;But Fate the word has spoken:For woman’s wit and strength o’man,Alas! can do but what they can;The Tory ranks are broken.

O that my een were flowing burns!My voice, a lioness that mournsHer darling cubs’ undoing!That I might greet, that I might cry,While Tories fall, while Tories fly,And furious Whigs pursuing!

What Whig but melts for good Sir James,Dear to his country, by the names,Friend, Patron, Benefactor!Not Pulteney’s wealth can Pulteney save;And Hopetoun falls, the generous, brave;And Stewart, bold as Hector.

And Thurlow growl a curse of woe,And Melville melt in wailing:Now Fox and Sheridan rejoice,And Burke shall sing, “O Prince, arise!Thy power is all-prevailing!”

For your poor friend, the Bard, afarHe only hears and sees the war,A cool spectator purely!So, when the storm the forest rends,The robin in the hedge descends,And sober chirps securely.

Now, for my friends’ and brethren’s sakes,And for my dear-lov’d Land o’ Cakes,I pray with holy fire:Lord, send a rough-shod troop o’ HellO’er a’ wad Scotland buy or sell,To grind them in the mire!

Words in this poem 35
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
splatter v. i.
To spatter; to splash.
birr v. i.
To make, or move with, a whirring noise, as of wheels in motion. [Cf. OE. bur, bir, wind, storm wind, fr. Icel. byrr wind. Perh. imitative.]
theologics n.
Theology. Young.
curst a.
Froward; malignant; mischievous; malicious; snarling. [SeeCurse.]
damn v. t.
To condemn; to declare guilty; to doom; to adjudge to punishment; to sentence; to censhure. [OE. damnen dap), OF. damner, dampner, F. damner, fr. L. damnare, damnatum, to condemn, fr. damnum damage, a fine, penalty. Cf. Condemn, Damage.]
luckless a.
Being without luck; unpropitious; unfortunate; unlucky; meeting with ill success or bad fortune; as, a luckless gamester; a luckless maid.
deil n.
Devil; -- spelt also deel. Deil's buckie. See under Buckie.
septennially adv.
Once in seven years.
haughty a.
High; lofty; bold. [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.]
blasted a.
Blighted; withered.
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
rode n.
Redness; complexion. [See Rud.]
ciceronian a.
Resembling Cicero in style or action; eloquent. [L. Ciceronianus, fr. Cicero, the orator.]
muster n.
Something shown for imitation; a pattern. [OE. moustre, OF. mostre, moustre, F. montre, LL. monstra. See Muster, v. t.]
commix v. t.
To mix or mingle together; to blend. [Pref. com+ + mix: cf. L. commixtus, p. p.of commiscere. See Mix.]
spouse v. t.
To wed; to espouse. [See Espouse, and Spouse, n.]
streaming a.
Sending forth streams.
redoubted a.
Formidable; dread.
artillery n.
Munitions of war; implements for warfare, as slings, bows, and arrows. [OE. artilrie, OF. artillerie, arteillerie, fr. LL. artillaria, artilleria, machines and apparatus of all kinds used in war, vans laden with arms of any kind whi]
resistless a.
Having no power to resist; making no opposition.
desolation n.
The act of desolating or laying waste; destruction of inhabitants; depopulation. [F. désolation, L. desolatio.]
damnation n.
The state of being damned; condemnation; openly expressed disapprobation. [F. damnation, L. damnatio, fr. damnare. See Damn.]
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
thrapple n.
Windpipe; throttle. [Also thropple, corrupted fr. throttle.]
crashing n.
The noise of many things falling and breaking at once.
wintry a.
Suitable to winter; resembling winter, or what belongs to winter; brumal; hyemal; cold; stormy; wintery. [AS. wintrig.]
gules n.
The tincture red, indicated in seals and engraved figures of escutcheons by parallel vertical lines. Hence, used poetically for a red color or that which is red. [OE. goules, F. gueules, the same word as gueule throat, OF. gole, goule, L. gula. So named from the red color of the throat. See Gullet, and cf. Gula.]
auld a.
Old; as, Auld Reekie (old smoky), i. e., Edinburgh. [See Old.]
undoing n.
The reversal of what has been done.
wealth n.
Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
generous a.
Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [F. généreux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.]
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Addressed to R. Graham, Esq. of Fintry is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems and Songs of Robert Burns, Project Gutenberg ebook #1279; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Robert Burns, Addressed to R. Graham, Esq. of Fintry, in Poems and Songs (1786–1796), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1279, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/burns-poems/addressed-to-r-graham-esq-of-fintry.html, id L03214.

Form and metre

Addressed to R. Graham, Esq. of Fintry is 161 lines in 27 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 92%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.7 syllables. 47 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 12% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AA-BB- strifeA · lifeA · am · flegB · legB · him
  2. 2 AA-BB- rideA · besideA · uncivil · waysB · straysB · devil
  3. 3 AA-BB- birrA · spurA · daunder · fogsB · bogsB · blunder
  4. 4 AAB--B gownA · crownA · doorB · fate · hae't · beforeB
  5. 5 AAB--B mixA · politicsA · electedB · bitches · touches · infectedB
  6. 6 AABCCB graceA · raceA · storyB · contrastedC · blastedC · gloryB
  7. 7 AABCCB boreA · moreA · contemptB · nameC · claimC · exemptB
  8. 8 AA-BBB bearsA · caresA · darlings · tounsB · loonsB · carlinsB
  9. 9 ---AA- rode · abroad · lions · unfurl'dA · hurledA · defiance
  10. 10 --ABBA war · star · bleedingA · brightB · fightB · pleadingA
  11. 12 -AABBA spouse · browsA · gracesA · heartB · partB · lassesA
  12. 13 AAB--B coreA · pourA · thunderB · coins · designs · underB
  13. 14 AA-BB- foughtA · noughtA · tory · groundB · roundB · fury
  14. 15 AABCCB ranksA · banksA · desolationB · boldC · holdC · damnationB
  15. 16 AABCCB oppos'dA · clos'dA · descrivingB · largeC · chargeC · drivingB
  16. 17 AABCCB narrateA · fateA · tulyieB · roar'dC · shor'dC · brulyieB
  17. 18 --A--A cleft · lift · rattleA · woods · floods · battleA
  18. 19 AA-BB- dieA · flyA · fellers · roarB · pourB · bullers
  19. 20 AAB--B nightA · fightA · daringB · charles · unfurls · bearingB
  20. 21 AA-BB- fameA · grahamA · shiver · montroseB · foesB · ever
  21. 22 AABBBB burnsA · turnsA · spokenB · o'manB · canB · brokenB
  22. 23 --ABBA burns · mourns · undoingA · cryB · flyB · pursuingA
  23. 24 AA-BB- jamesA · namesA · benefactor · saveB · braveB · hector
  24. 25 -A--A woe · wailingA · rejoice · arise · prevailingA
  25. 26 --ABBA afar · war · purelyA · rendsB · descendsB · securelyA
  26. 27 AABCCB sakesA · cakesA · fireB · hellC · sellC · mireB
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Fintry, my stay in wordly strife,8········
Friend o’ my muse, friend o’ my life,8········
Are ye as idle’s I am?7···/˘··
Come then, wi’ uncouth kintra fleg,8···//···
O’er Pegasus I’ll fling my leg,8·/˘˘····
And ye shall see me try him.7·······
But where shall I go rin a ride,8········
That I may splatter nane beside?8···/˘·˘/
I wad na be uncivil:7····˘/˘
In manhood’s various paths and ways8·/·/˘···
There’s aye some doytin’ body strays,8·····/˘·
And I ride like the devil.7·····/˘
Thus I break aff wi’ a’ my birr,8········
And down yon dark, deep alley spur,8·····/˘·
Where Theologics daunder:6······
Alas! curst wi’ eternal fogs,8˘/··˘/˘·
And damn’d in everlasting bogs,8····˘/˘·
As sure’s the creed I’ll blunder!7·····/˘
I’ll stain a band, or jaup a gown,8········
Or rin my reckless, guilty crown8···/˘/˘·
Against the haly door:6······
Sair do I rue my luckless fate,8·····/˘·
When, as the Muse an’ Deil wad hae’t,8········
I rade that road before.6······
Suppose I take a spurt, and mix8˘/······
Amang the wilds o’ Politics—8·····/˘·
Electors and elected,7˘/˘·˘/˘
Where dogs at Court (sad sons of bitches!)9·······/˘
Septennially a madness touches,10˘/˘˘˘·/˘/˘
Till all the land’s infected.7····˘/˘
All hail! Drumlanrig’s haughty Grace,8·····/˘·
Discarded remnant of a race8˘/˘/˘···
Once godlike—great in story;7·/˘··/˘
Thy forbears’ virtues all contrasted,9···/˘·˘/˘
The very name of Douglas blasted,9·/˘··/˘/˘
Thine that inverted glory!7··˘/˘/˘
Hate, envy, oft the Douglas bore,8·/˘··/˘·
But thou hast superadded more,8········
And sunk them in contempt;6····˘/
Follies and crimes have stain’d the name,8/˘······
But, Queensberry, thine the virgin claim,9·/·˘··/˘·
From aught that’s good exempt!6····˘/
I’ll sing the zeal Drumlanrig bears,8········
Who left the all-important cares8····˘/˘·
Of princes, and their darlings:7·/˘··/˘
And, bent on winning borough touns,8···/˘/··
Came shaking hands wi’ wabster-loons,8·/˘·····
And kissing barefit carlins.8·/˘···/˘
Combustion thro’ our boroughs rode,8˘/˘·//··
Whistling his roaring pack abroad8/˘·/˘·˘/
Of mad unmuzzled lions;7····˘/˘
As Queensberry blue and buff unfurl’d,9·/·˘···˘/
And Westerha’ and Hopetoun hurled9·········
To every Whig defiance.8·/˘˘·˘/˘
But cautious Queensberry left the war,9·/˘/·˘···
Th’ unmanner’d dust might soil his star,8········
Besides, he hated bleeding:7˘/·/˘/˘
But left behind him heroes bright,8·····/˘·
Heroes in Caesarean fight,7/˘·/˘··
Or Ciceronian pleading.7·····/˘
O for a throat like huge Mons-Meg,8········
To muster o’er each ardent Whig8·/˘··/˘·
Beneath Drumlanrig’s banners;7·····/˘
Heroes and heroines commix,8/˘·/·˘˘/
All in the field of politics,8·····/˘·
To win immortal honours.7··˘/˘/˘
M’Murdo and his lovely spouse,7····/˘·
(Th’ enamour’d laurels kiss her brows!)8···/˘···
Led on the Loves and Graces:7·····/˘
She won each gaping burgess’ heart,8···/˘/˘·
While he, sub rosa, played his part8···/˘···
Amang their wives and lasses.7·····/˘
Craigdarroch led a light-arm’d core,8········
Tropes, metaphors, and figures pour,8·/˘˘·/˘·
Like Hecla streaming thunder:7·/˘/˘/˘
Glenriddel, skill’d in rusty coins,8·····/˘·
Blew up each Tory’s dark designs,8···/˘·˘/
And bared the treason under.8··˘·/˘··
In either wing two champions fought;8·/˘··/˘·
Redoubted Staig, who set at nought8˘/˘·····
The wildest savage Tory;7·/˘/˘/˘
And Welsh who ne’er yet flinch’d his ground,8········
High-wav’d his magnum-bonum round8···/˘/˘·
With Cyclopeian fury.6····/˘
Miller brought up th’ artillery ranks,8/˘··˘/˘·
The many-pounders of the Banks,8·/˘/˘···
Resistless desolation!7˘/˘·˘/˘
While Maxwelton, that baron bold,8·····/˘·
’Mid Lawson’s port entrench’d his hold,8·/˘·˘/··
And threaten’d worse damnation.7·/˘·˘/˘
To these what Tory hosts oppos’d8···/˘·˘/
With these what Tory warriors clos’d8···/˘/˘·
Surpasses my descriving;7˘/˘····
Squadrons, extended long and large,8/˘˘/˘···
With furious speed rush to the charge,8·/˘·····
Like furious devils driving.8·/˘˘/˘/˘
What verse can sing, what prose narrate,8······/·
The butcher deeds of bloody Fate,8·/˘··/˘·
Amid this mighty tulyie!7˘/·/˘··
Grim Horror girn’d, pale Terror roar’d,8·/˘··/˘·
As Murder at his thrapple shor’d,8·/˘··/˘·
And Hell mix’d in the brulyie.7·······
As Highland craigs by thunder cleft,8·/˘··/˘·
When lightnings fire the stormy lift,8·/˘/·/˘·
Hurl down with crashing rattle;7···/˘/˘
As flames among a hundred woods,8·····/˘·
As headlong foam from a hundred floods,9·/····/˘·
Such is the rage of Battle.7·····/˘
The stubborn Tories dare to die;8·/˘/˘···
As soon the rooted oaks would fly8···/˘···
Before th’ approaching fellers:7··˘/˘/˘
The Whigs come on like Ocean’s roar,8·····/˘·
When all his wintry billows pour8···/˘/˘·
Against the Buchan Bullers.7···/˘/˘
Lo, from the shades of Death’s deep night,8········
Departed Whigs enjoy the fight,8˘/˘·˘/··
And think on former daring:7···/˘/˘
The muffled murtherer of Charles8·/˘/˘˘··
The Magna Charter flag unfurls,8·/˘/˘·˘/
All deadly gules its bearing.7·/˘··/˘
Nor wanting ghosts of Tory fame;8·/˘··/˘·
Bold Scrimgeour follows gallant Graham;9·/˘/˘/˘/˘
Auld Covenanters shiver—7·/˘˘˘/˘
Forgive! forgive! much-wrong’d Montrose!8˘/˘/··/·
Now Death and Hell engulph thy foes,8········
Thou liv’st on high for ever.7·····/˘
Still o’er the field the combat burns,8·····/˘·
The Tories, Whigs, give way by turns;8·/˘·····
But Fate the word has spoken:7·····/˘
For woman’s wit and strength o’man,8·/˘···˘/
Alas! can do but what they can;8˘/······
The Tory ranks are broken.7·/˘··/˘
O that my een were flowing burns!8·····/˘·
My voice, a lioness that mourns8···/˘˘··
Her darling cubs’ undoing!7·/˘·˘/˘
That I might greet, that I might cry,8········
While Tories fall, while Tories fly,8·/˘··/˘·
And furious Whigs pursuing!8·/˘˘·˘/˘
What Whig but melts for good Sir James,8········
Dear to his country, by the names,8···/˘···
Friend, Patron, Benefactor!7·/˘/˘·˘
Not Pulteney’s wealth can Pulteney save;10··········
And Hopetoun falls, the generous, brave;9······/˘·
And Stewart, bold as Hector.7·/˘··/˘
And Thurlow growl a curse of woe,8·/˘·····
And Melville melt in wailing:7·/˘··/˘
Now Fox and Sheridan rejoice,8···/˘˘˘/
And Burke shall sing, “O Prince, arise!8······˘/
Thy power is all-prevailing!”8·/˘··˘/˘
For your poor friend, the Bard, afar8······˘/
He only hears and sees the war,8·/˘·····
A cool spectator purely!7··/˘˘/˘
So, when the storm the forest rends,8·····/˘·
The robin in the hedge descends,8·/˘···˘/
And sober chirps securely.7·/˘·˘/˘
Now, for my friends’ and brethren’s sakes,8·····/˘·
And for my dear-lov’d Land o’ Cakes,8········
I pray with holy fire:7···/˘/˘
Lord, send a rough-shod troop o’ Hell8········
O’er a’ wad Scotland buy or sell,8···/˘···
To grind them in the mire!6······

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