Part XXXVII

Anonymous (about 900), translated by Francis B. Gummere · 1910

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 72 lines · from Beowulf

IT was heavy hap for that hero youngon his lord beloved to look and find himlying on earth with life at end,sorrowful sight. But the slayer too,awful earth-dragon, empty of breath,lay felled in fight, nor, fain of its treasure,could the writhing monster rule it more.For edges of iron had ended its days,hard and battle-sharp, hammers' leaving;and that flier-afar had fallen to groundhushed by its hurt, its hoard all near,no longer lusty aloft to whirlat midnight, making its merriment seen,proud of its prizes: prone it sankby the handiwork of the hero-king.Forsooth among folk but few achieve,-- though sturdy and strong, as stories tell me,and never so daring in deed of valor, --the perilous breath of a poison-foeto brave, and to rush on the ring-board hall,whenever his watch the warden keepsbold in the barrow. Beowulf paidthe price of death for that precious hoard;and each of the foes had found the endof this fleeting life.Befell erelongthat the laggards in war the wood had left,trothbreakers, cowards, ten together,fearing before to flourish a spearin the sore distress of their sovran lord.Now in their shame their shields they carried,armor of fight, where the old man lay;and they gazed on Wiglaf. Wearied he satat his sovran's shoulder, shieldsman good,to wake him with water. Nowise it availed.Though well he wished it, in world no morecould he barrier life for that leader-of-battlesnor baffle the will of all-wielding God.Doom of the Lord was law o'er the deedsof every man, as it is to-day.Grim was the answer, easy to get,from the youth for those that had yielded to fear!Wiglaf spake, the son of Weohstan, --mournful he looked on those men unloved: --"Who sooth will speak, can say indeedthat the ruler who gave you golden ringsand the harness of war in which ye stand-- for he at ale-bench often-timesbestowed on hall-folk helm and breastplate,lord to liegemen, the likeliest gearwhich near of far he could find to give, --threw away and wasted these weeds of battle,on men who failed when the foemen came!Not at all could the king of his comrades-in-armsventure to vaunt, though the Victory-Wielder,God, gave him grace that he got revengesole with his sword in stress and need.To rescue his life, 'twas little that Icould serve him in struggle; yet shift I made(hopeless it seemed) to help my kinsman.Its strength ever waned, when with weapon I struckthat fatal foe, and the fire less stronglyflowed from its head. -- Too few the heroesin throe of contest that thronged to our king!Now gift of treasure and girding of sword,joy of the house and home-delightshall fail your folk; his freehold-landevery clansman within your kinshall lose and leave, when lords high-bornhear afar of that flight of yours,a fameless deed. Yea, death is betterfor liegemen all than a life of shame!"

Words in this poem 19
slayer n.
One who slays; a killer; a murderer; a destrroyer of life.
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
handiwork n.
Work done by the hands; hence, any work done personally. [OE. handiwerc, AS. handgeweorc; hand hand + geweorc work; prefix ge- + weorc. See Work.]
forsooth v. t.
To address respectfully with the term forsooth.
folk n.
In Anglo-Saxon times, the people of a group of townships or villages; a community; a tribe. [AS. folc; akin to D. volk, OS. & OHG. folk, G. volk, Icel. f, Sw. & Dan. folk, Lith. pulkas crowd, and perh. to E. follow.]
erelong adv.
Before the ere long.
sovran a.
A variant of Sovereign.
nowise adv.
Not in any manner or degree; in no way; noways. [For in no wise. See Wise, n.]
baffle v. i.
To cause to undergo a disgraceful punishment, as a recreant knight. [Cf. Lowland Scotch bauchle to treat contemptuously, bauch tasteless, abashed, jaded, Icel. bagr uneasy, poor, or bagr, n., struggle, bægja to push, treat harshl]
wielding n.
Power; authority; rule.
sooth a.
True; faithful; trustworthy. [OE. soth, AS. s, for san; akin to OS. s, OHG. sand, Icel. sannr, Sw. sann, Dan. sand, Skr. sat, sant, real, genuine, present, being; properly p. pr. from a root]
wielder n.
One who wields or employs; a manager; a controller.
kinsman n.
A man of the same race or family; one related by blood.
throe n.
Extreme pain; violent pang; anguish; agony; especially, one of the pangs of travail in childbirth, or purturition. [OE. , , AS. a threatening, oppression, suffering, perhaps influenced by Icel. a throe, a pang, a longing; cf. AS. to suffer.]
girding n.
That with which one is girded; a girdle.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
clansman n.
One belonging to the same clan with another.
fameless a.
Without fame or renown.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Part XXXVII is in the public domain. This text is taken from Beowulf, Project Gutenberg ebook #981, the Francis B. Gummere translation; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Anonymous, Part XXXVII, in Beowulf (1910), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #981, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beowulf/part-xxxvii.html, id L14225.

Form and metre

Part XXXVII is 72 lines in a single verse paragraph. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 77%). 84% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.4 syllables. 11 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 44% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ------------------------------A--A-------------------------------------- young · him · end · too · breath · treasure · more · days · leaving · ground · near · whirl · seen · sank · king · achieve · me · valor · foe · hall · keeps · paid · hoard · end · life · erelong · left · together · spear · lord · carriedA · lay · sat · goodA · availed · more · battles · god · deeds · day · get · fear · weohstan · unloved · indeed · rings · stand · times · breastplate · gear · give · battle · came · arms · wielder · revenge · need · i · made · kinsman · struck · strongly · heroes · king · sword · delight · land · kin · born · yours · better · shame
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
IT was heavy hap for that hero young10··/˘···/˘·
on his lord beloved to look and find him10···˘/·····
lying on earth with life at end,8/˘······
sorrowful sight. But the slayer too,9/˘˘···/˘·
awful earth-dragon, empty of breath,9/˘·/˘/˘··
lay felled in fight, nor, fain of its treasure,10········/˘
could the writhing monster rule it more.9··/˘/˘···
For edges of iron had ended its days,11·/˘·/˘·/˘··
hard and battle-sharp, hammers' leaving;9··/˘·/˘/˘
and that flier-afar had fallen to ground11··/˘˘/·/˘··
hushed by its hurt, its hoard all near,8········
no longer lusty aloft to whirl9·/˘/˘˘/··
at midnight, making its merriment seen,10·/·/˘·/˘˘·
proud of its prizes: prone it sank8···/˘···
by the handiwork of the hero-king.10··/˘···/˘·
Forsooth among folk but few achieve,9˘/·····˘/
-- though sturdy and strong, as stories tell me,10·/˘···/˘··
and never so daring in deed of valor, --11·/˘·/˘···/˘
the perilous breath of a poison-foe10·/˘˘···/˘·
to brave, and to rush on the ring-board hall,10··········
whenever his watch the warden keeps9˘/˘···/˘·
bold in the barrow. Beowulf paid9···/˘/˘··
the price of death for that precious hoard;9······/˘·
and each of the foes had found the end9·········
of this fleeting life.5··/˘·
Befell erelong5˘/···
that the laggards in war the wood had left,10··/˘······
trothbreakers, cowards, ten together,9···/˘·˘/˘
fearing before to flourish a spear9/˘···/˘··
in the sore distress of their sovran lord.10···˘/··/˘·
Now in their shame their shields they carried,9·······/˘
armor of fight, where the old man lay;9/˘·······
and they gazed on Wiglaf. Wearied he sat10······/˘··
at his sovran's shoulder, shieldsman good,9··/˘/˘···
to wake him with water. Nowise it availed.11····/˘/˘·˘/
Though well he wished it, in world no more9·········
could he barrier life for that leader-of-battles13··/˘˘···/˘·/˘
nor baffle the will of all-wielding God.10·/˘····/˘·
Doom of the Lord was law o'er the deeds9·········
of every man, as it is to-day.10·/˘˘······
Grim was the answer, easy to get,9···/˘/˘··
from the youth for those that had yielded to fear!11·······/˘··
Wiglaf spake, the son of Weohstan, --8········
mournful he looked on those men unloved: --9/˘·····˘/
"Who sooth will speak, can say indeed8······˘/
that the ruler who gave you golden rings10··/˘···/˘·
and the harness of war in which ye stand10··/˘······
-- for he at ale-bench often-times8·····/˘·
bestowed on hall-folk helm and breastplate,9˘/·····/·
lord to liegemen, the likeliest gear10······/˘˘·
which near of far he could find to give, --9·········
threw away and wasted these weeds of battle,11·˘/·/˘···/˘
on men who failed when the foemen came!9·········
Not at all could the king of his comrades-in-arms12········/···
venture to vaunt, though the Victory-Wielder,11/˘····/˘˘/˘
God, gave him grace that he got revenge9·······˘/
sole with his sword in stress and need.8········
To rescue his life, 'twas little that I10·/˘···/˘··
could serve him in struggle; yet shift I made10····/˘····
(hopeless it seemed) to help my kinsman.9/˘·····/·
Its strength ever waned, when with weapon I struck11··/˘···/˘··
that fatal foe, and the fire less strongly11·/˘···/˘·/˘
flowed from its head. -- Too few the heroes9·······/˘
in throe of contest that thronged to our king!11···/˘···/˘·
Now gift of treasure and girding of sword,10···/˘·/˘··
joy of the house and home-delight8······˘/
shall fail your folk; his freehold-land8·····/··
every clansman within your kin9/˘˘/˘····
shall lose and leave, when lords high-born8········
hear afar of that flight of yours,8·˘/·····
a fameless deed. Yea, death is better9·/˘····/˘
for liegemen all than a life of shame!"10··········

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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