Written in the Year 1758
Still shall unthinking man substantial deemThe forms that fleet through life's deceitful dream?Till at some stroke of Fate the vision flies,And sad realities in prospect rise;And, from Elysian slumbers rudely torn,The startled soul awakes, to think, and mourn.O ye, whose hours in jocund train advance,Whose spirits to the song of gladness dance,Who flowery plains in endless pomp survey,Glittering in beams of visionary day;O yet, while Fate delays the impending woe,Be roused to thought, anticipate the blow;Lest, like the lightning's glance, the sudden illFlash to confound, and penetrate to kill;Lest, thus encompass'd with funereal gloom,Like me, ye bend o'er some untimely tomb,Pour your wild ravings in Night's frighted ear,And half pronounce Heaven's sacred doom severe.Wise, beauteous, good! O every grace combined,That charms the eye, or captivates the mind!Fresh, as the floweret opening on the morn,Whose leaves bright drops of liquid pearl adorn!Sweet, as the downy pinion'd gale, that rovesTo gather fragrance in Arabian groves!Mild, as the melodies at close of day,That, heard remote, along the vale decay!Yet, why with these compared? What tints so fine,What sweetness, mildness, can be match'd with thine?Why roam abroad, since recollection trueRestores the lovely form to fancy's view?Still let me gaze, and every care beguile,Gaze on that cheek, where all the graces smile;That soul-expressing eye, benignly bright,Where Meekness beams ineffable delight;That brow, where Wisdom sits enthroned serene,Each feature forms, and dignifies the mean:Still let me listen, while her words impartThe sweet effusions of the blameless heart;Till all my soul, each tumult charm'd away,Yields, gently led, to Virtue's easy sway.
By thee inspired, O Virtue, age is young,And music warbles from the faltering tongue:Thy ray creative cheers the clouded brow,And decks the faded cheek with rosy glow,Brightens the joyless aspect, and suppliesPure heavenly lustre to the languid eyes:But when youth's living bloom reflects thy beams,Resistless on the view the glory streams:Love, wonder, joy, alternately alarm,And beauty dazzles with angelic charm.
Ah, whither fled? ye dear illusions, stay!Lo! pale and silent lies the lovely clay.How are the roses on that cheek decay'd,Which late the purple light of youth display'd!Health on her form each sprightly grace bestow'd:With life and thought each speaking feature glow'd.Fair was the blossom, soft the vernal sky;Elate with hope, we deem'd no tempest nigh:When, lo! a whirlwind's instantaneous gustLeft all its beauties withering in the dust.
Cold the soft hand that soothed Woe's weary head!And quench'd the eye, the pitying tear that shed!And mute the voice, whose pleasing accents stole,Infusing balm into the rankled soul!O Death, why arm with cruelty thy power,And spare the idle weed, yet lop the flower?Why fly thy shafts in lawless error driven?Is Virtue then no more the care of Heaven?But, peace, bold thought! be still, my bursting heart!We, not Eliza, felt the fatal dart.Escaped the dungeon, does the slave complain,Nor bless the friendly hand that broke the chain?Say, pines not Virtue for the lingering morn,On this dark wild condemn'd to roam forlorn;Where Reason's meteor rays, with sickly glow,O'er the dun gloom a dreadful glimmering throw;Disclosing, dubious, to the affrighted eyeO'erwhelming mountains tottering from on high,Black billowy deeps in storms perpetual tost,And weary ways in wildering labyrinths lostO happy stroke, that bursts the bonds of clay,Darts through the rending gloom the blaze of day,And wings the soul with boundless flight to soar,Where dangers threat, and fears alarm no more.Transporting thought! here let me wipe awayThe tear of Grief, and wake a bolder lay.But ah! the swimming eye o'erflows anew;Nor check the sacred drops to pity due:Lo! where in speechless, hopeless anguish bendO'er her loved dust, the parent, brother, friend!How vain the hope of man! but cease thy strain,Nor sorrow's dread solemnity profane;Mix'd with yon drooping mourners, on her bierIn silence shed the sympathetic tear.
Words in this poem 29
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- unthinking a.
- Not thinking; not heedful; thoughtless; inconsiderate; as, unthinking youth.
- deem v. t.
- To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. d, fr. d doom; akin to OFries. d, OS. ad, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. dæma, Sw. dömma, Dan. dömme, Goth. d. See Doom, n., an]
- elysian a.
- Pertaining, or the abode of the blessed after death; hence, yielding the highest pleasures; exceedingly delightful; beatific. [L. Elysius, fr. Elysium.]
- jocund
- Merry; cheerful; gay; airy; lively; sportive. [L. jocundus, jucundus, orig., helpful, fr. juvare to help. See Aid.]
- beauteous a.
- Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome. [Mostly poetic] -- Beau"te*ous*ly, adv. --
- floweret n.
- A small flower; a floret.
- morn n.
- The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
- vale n.
- A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
- benignly adv.
- In a benign manner.
- meekness n.
- The quality or state of being meek.
- faltering a.
- Hesitating; trembling.
- joyless a.
- Not having joy; not causing joy; unenjoyable.
- lustre n.
- A period of five years; a lustrum. [L. lustrum: cf. F. lustre.]
- resistless a.
- Having no power to resist; making no opposition.
- whither adv.
- To what place; -- used interrogatively; as, whither goest thou [OE. whider. AS. hwider; akin to E. where, who; cf. Goth. hvadre whither. See Who, and cf. Hither, Thither.]
- elate a.
- Lifted up; raised; elevated. [L. elatus elevated, fig., elated, proud (the figure, perh., being borrowed from a prancing horse); e out + latus (used as p. p. of ferre to bear), for tlatus, a]
- withering a.
- Tending to wither; causing to shrink or fade.
- pitying a.
- Expressing pity; as, a pitying eye, glance, or word.
- stole n.
- A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. stall. See Stall.]
- dungeon n.
- A close, dark prison, commondonjon or keep of a castle, these being used as prisons. [OE. donjoun highest tower of a castle, tower, prison, F. donjon tower or platform in the midst of a castle, turret, or closet on the top of a house, a keep of a]
- broke v. i.
- To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
- forlorn a.
- Deserted abandoned; lost. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlor]
- dreadful a.
- Full of dread or terror; fearful.
- dubious a.
- Doubtful or not settled in opinion; being in doubt; wavering or fluctuating; undetermined. [L. dubius, dubiosus, fr. duo two. See Two, and cf. Doubt.]
- billowy a.
- Of or pertaining to billows; swelling or swollen into large waves; full of billows or surges; resembling billows.
- wildering n.
- A plant growing in a state of nature; especially, one which has run wild, or escaped from cultivation.
- speechless a.
- Destitute or deprived of the faculty of speech.
- bier n.
- A handbarrow or portable frame on which a corpse is placed or borne to the grave. [OE. bæe, beere, AS. b, b; akin to D. baar, OHG. bara, G. bahre, Icel barar, Dbaare, L. feretrum, Gr. , from the same bear to produce. See 1st Bear, and cf. Barr]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Written in the Year 1758 is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of Beattie, Blair, and Falconer With Lives, Critical Dissertations, and Explanatory Notes, Project Gutenberg ebook #8695; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: James Beattie, Written in the Year 1758, in The Minstrel and Other Poems (1771–1774), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #8695, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/beattie-minstrel/written-in-the-year-1758.html, id L09606.
Form and metre
Written in the Year 1758 is 94 lines in 4 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 4 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 13% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSTT deemA · dreamA · fliesB · riseB · tornC · mournC · advanceD · danceD · surveyE · dayE · woeF · blowF · illG · killG · gloomH · tombH · earI · severeI · combinedJ · mindJ · mornK · adornK · rovesL · grovesL · dayM · decayM · fineN · thineN · trueO · viewO · beguileP · smileP · brightQ · delightQ · sereneR · meanR · impartS · heartS · awayT · swayT
- 2 AA--BBCCDD youngA · tongueA · brow · glow · suppliesB · eyesB · beamsC · streamsC · alarmD · charmD
- 3 AABBCCDDEE stayA · clayA · decay'dB · display'dB · bestow'dC · glow'dC · skyD · nighD · gustE · dustE
- 4 AABBCCDDEEDDFFGGHHIIJJKKJJLLMMNNOO headA · shedA · stoleB · soulB · powerC · flowerC · drivenD · heavenD · heartE · dartE · complainD · chainD · mornF · forlornF · glowG · throwG · eyeH · highH · tostI · lostI · clayJ · dayJ · soarK · moreK · awayJ · layJ · anewL · dueL · bendM · friendM · strainN · profaneN · bierO · tearO
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Still shall unthinking man substantial deem | 10 | ··˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| The forms that fleet through life's deceitful dream? | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Till at some stroke of Fate the vision flies, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And sad realities in prospect rise; | 10 | ··˘/˘˘·/˘· |
| And, from Elysian slumbers rudely torn, | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘/˘· |
| The startled soul awakes, to think, and mourn. | 10 | ·/˘·˘/···· |
| O ye, whose hours in jocund train advance, | 10 | ···/·/˘·˘/ |
| Whose spirits to the song of gladness dance, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Who flowery plains in endless pomp survey, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| Glittering in beams of visionary day; | 10 | /˘···/˘·˘· |
| O yet, while Fate delays the impending woe, | 11 | ····˘/·˘/˘· |
| Be roused to thought, anticipate the blow; | 10 | ····˘/˘··· |
| Lest, like the lightning's glance, the sudden ill | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Flash to confound, and penetrate to kill; | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| Lest, thus encompass'd with funereal gloom, | 11 | ··˘/˘·˘/˘˘· |
| Like me, ye bend o'er some untimely tomb, | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Pour your wild ravings in Night's frighted ear, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| And half pronounce Heaven's sacred doom severe. | 11 | ··˘//˘/˘·˘/ |
| Wise, beauteous, good! O every grace combined, | 11 | ·/˘˘··/˘·˘/ |
| That charms the eye, or captivates the mind! | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Fresh, as the floweret opening on the morn, | 11 | ···/˘˘/˘··· |
| Whose leaves bright drops of liquid pearl adorn! | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Sweet, as the downy pinion'd gale, that roves | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| To gather fragrance in Arabian groves! | 10 | ·/˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| Mild, as the melodies at close of day, | 10 | ···/˘˘···· |
| That, heard remote, along the vale decay! | 10 | ··˘/˘/··˘/ |
| Yet, why with these compared? What tints so fine, | 10 | ····˘/···· |
| What sweetness, mildness, can be match'd with thine? | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| Why roam abroad, since recollection true | 10 | ··˘/··˘/˘· |
| Restores the lovely form to fancy's view? | 10 | ˘/·/˘··/˘· |
| Still let me gaze, and every care beguile, | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Gaze on that cheek, where all the graces smile; | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| That soul-expressing eye, benignly bright, | 10 | ··˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| Where Meekness beams ineffable delight; | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘˘˘/ |
| That brow, where Wisdom sits enthroned serene, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Each feature forms, and dignifies the mean: | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Still let me listen, while her words impart | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| The sweet effusions of the blameless heart; | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Till all my soul, each tumult charm'd away, | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| Yields, gently led, to Virtue's easy sway. | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| By thee inspired, O Virtue, age is young, | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| And music warbles from the faltering tongue: | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Thy ray creative cheers the clouded brow, | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| And decks the faded cheek with rosy glow, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Brightens the joyless aspect, and supplies | 10 | /˘·/˘/··˘/ |
| Pure heavenly lustre to the languid eyes: | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| But when youth's living bloom reflects thy beams, | 10 | ···/˘·˘/·· |
| Resistless on the view the glory streams: | 10 | ˘/˘····/˘· |
| Love, wonder, joy, alternately alarm, | 10 | ·/˘·/˘˘˘˘/ |
| And beauty dazzles with angelic charm. | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Ah, whither fled? ye dear illusions, stay! | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| Lo! pale and silent lies the lovely clay. | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| How are the roses on that cheek decay'd, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Which late the purple light of youth display'd! | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Health on her form each sprightly grace bestow'd: | 10 | ·····/˘·˘/ |
| With life and thought each speaking feature glow'd. | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Fair was the blossom, soft the vernal sky; | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Elate with hope, we deem'd no tempest nigh: | 10 | ˘/·····/˘· |
| When, lo! a whirlwind's instantaneous gust | 10 | ···/··˘/˘· |
| Left all its beauties withering in the dust. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Cold the soft hand that soothed Woe's weary head! | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And quench'd the eye, the pitying tear that shed! | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| And mute the voice, whose pleasing accents stole, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Infusing balm into the rankled soul! | 10 | ˘/˘····/˘· |
| O Death, why arm with cruelty thy power, | 10 | ·····/˘·/˘ |
| And spare the idle weed, yet lop the flower? | 11 | ···/˘····/˘ |
| Why fly thy shafts in lawless error driven? | 11 | ·····/˘/˘/˘ |
| Is Virtue then no more the care of Heaven? | 11 | ·/˘······/˘ |
| But, peace, bold thought! be still, my bursting heart! | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| We, not Eliza, felt the fatal dart. | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Escaped the dungeon, does the slave complain, | 10 | ˘/·/˘···˘/ |
| Nor bless the friendly hand that broke the chain? | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Say, pines not Virtue for the lingering morn, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| On this dark wild condemn'd to roam forlorn; | 10 | ····˘/··˘/ |
| Where Reason's meteor rays, with sickly glow, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| O'er the dun gloom a dreadful glimmering throw; | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Disclosing, dubious, to the affrighted eye | 11 | ˘/˘/˘······ |
| O'erwhelming mountains tottering from on high, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Black billowy deeps in storms perpetual tost, | 11 | ·/˘˘···˘/˘· |
| And weary ways in wildering labyrinths lost | 11 | ·/˘··/˘/˘·· |
| O happy stroke, that bursts the bonds of clay, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Darts through the rending gloom the blaze of day, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| And wings the soul with boundless flight to soar, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Where dangers threat, and fears alarm no more. | 10 | ·/˘···˘/·· |
| Transporting thought! here let me wipe away | 10 | ˘/˘·····˘/ |
| The tear of Grief, and wake a bolder lay. | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| But ah! the swimming eye o'erflows anew; | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| Nor check the sacred drops to pity due: | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Lo! where in speechless, hopeless anguish bend | 10 | ···/˘/˘/˘· |
| O'er her loved dust, the parent, brother, friend! | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| How vain the hope of man! but cease thy strain, | 10 | ·········· |
| Nor sorrow's dread solemnity profane; | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘˘˘/ |
| Mix'd with yon drooping mourners, on her bier | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| In silence shed the sympathetic tear. | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.