Wind
Pow'r uncontrollable, who hold'st thy swayIn the unbounded air, whose trackless wayIs in the firmament, unknown of fight,Who bend'st the sheeted heavens in thy might,And lift'st the ocean from its lowest bedTo join in middle space the conflict dread;Who o'er the peopled earth in ruin scours,And buffets the firm rock that proudly low'rs,Thy signs are in the heav'ns. The upper cloudsDraw shapeless o'er the sky their misty shrowds;Whilst darker fragments rove in lower bands,And mournful purple cloaths the distant lands.In gather'd tribes, upon the hanging peakThe sea-fowl scream, ill-omen'd creatures shriek:Unwonted sounds groan on the distant wave,And murmurs deep break from the downward cave.Unlook'd-for gusts the quiet forests shake,And speak thy coming--awful Pow'r, awake!
Like burst of mighty waters wakes the blast,In wide and boundless sweep: thro' regions vastThe floods of air in loosen'd fury drive,And meeting currents strong, and fiercely strive.First wildly raving on the mountain's brow'Tis heard afar, till o'er the plains belowWith even rushing force it bears along,And gradual swelling, louder, full, and strong,Breaks wide in scatter'd bellowing thro' the air.Now is it hush'd to calm, now rous'd to war,Whilst in the pauses of the nearer blast,The farther gusts howl from the distant waste.Now rushing furious by with loosen'd sweep,Now rolling grandly on, solemn and deep,Its bursting strength the full embodied soundIn wide and shallow brawlings scatters round;Then wild in eddies shrill, with rage distraught,And force exhausted, whistles into naught.With growing might, arising in its room,From far, like waves of ocean onward comeSucceeding gusts, and spend their wasteful ire,Then slow, in grumbled mutterings retire:And solemn stillness overawes the land,Save where the tempest growls along the distant strand.But great in doubled strength, afar and wide,Returning battle wakes on ev'ry side;And rolling on with full and threat'ning sound,In wildly mingled fury closes round.With bellowings loud, and hollow deep'ning swell,Reiterated hiss, and whistlings shrill,Fierce wars the varied storm, with fury tore,Till all is overwhelm'd in one tremendous roar.
The vexed forest, tossing wide,Uprooted strews its fairest pride;The lofty pine in twain is broke,And crushing falls the knotted oak.The huge rock trembles in its might;The proud tow'r tumbles from its height;Uncover'd stands the social home;High rocks aloft the city dome;Whilst bursting bar, and flapping gate,And crashing roof, and clatt'ring grate,And hurling wall, and falling spire,Mingle in jarring din and ruin dire.Wild ruin scours the works of men;Their motly fragments strew the plain.E'en in the desert's pathless waste,Uncouth destruction marks the blast:And hollow caves whose secret pride,Grotesque and grand, was never ey'dBy mortal man, abide its drift,Of many a goodly pillar reft.Fierce whirling mounts the desert sand,And threats aloft the peopl'd land.The great expanded ocean, heaving wide,Rolls to the farthest bound its lashing tide;Whilst in the middle deep afar are seen,All stately from the sunken gulfs between,The tow'ring waves, which bend with hoary brow,Then dash impetuous to the deep below.With broader sweepy base, in gather'd mightMajestic, swelling to stupendous height,The mountain billow lifts its awful head,And, curving, breaks aloft with roarings dread.Sublimer still the mighty waters rise,And mingle in the strife of nether skies.All wildness and uproar, above, beneath,A world immense of danger, dread, and death.
In dumb despair the sailor stands,The frantic merchant wrings his hands,Advent'rous hope clings to the yard,And sinking wretches shriek unheard:Whilst on the land, the matron ill at rest,Thinks of the distant main, and heaves her heavy breast.The peasants leave their ruin'd home,And o'er the fields distracted roam:Insensible the 'numbed infant sleeps,And helpless bending age, weak and unshelter'd weeps.Low shrinking fear, in place of state,Skulks in the dwellings of the great.The rich man marks with careful eye,Each wasteful gust that whistles by;And ill men fear'd with fancied screamsSit list'ning to the creaking beams.At break of ev'ry rising squallOn storm-beat' roof, or ancient wall,Full many a glance of fearful eyeIs upward cast, till from on high,From cracking joist, and gaping rent,And falling fragments warning sent,Loud wakes around the wild affray,'Tis all confusion and dismay.
Now powerful but inconstant in its course,The tempest varies with uncertain force.Like doleful wailings on the lonely waste,Solemn and dreary sounds the weaning blast.Exhausted gusts recoiling growl away,And, wak'd anew, return with feebler sway;Save where between the ridgy mountains pent,The fierce imprison'd current strives for vent,With hollow howl, and lamentation deep,Then rushes o'er the plain with partial sweep.A parting gust o'erscours the weary land,And lowly growls along the distant strand:Light thro' the wood the shiv'ring branches play,And on the ocean far it slowly dies away.
Words in this poem 30
- trackless a.
- Having no track; marked by no footsteps; untrodden; as, a trackless desert.
- firmament n.
- Fixed foundation; established basis. [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf. F. firmament. See Firm, v. & a.]
- peopled a.
- Stocked with, or as with, people; inhabited.
- unwonted a.
- Not wonted; unaccustomed; unused; not made familiar by practice; as, a child unwonted to strangers.
- afar adv.
- At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
- grandly adv.
- In a grand manner.
- distraught p. p.
- Torn asunder; separated. [OE. distract, distrauht. See Distract, a.]
- stillness n.
- The quality or state of being still; quietness; silence; calmness; inactivity.
- tore n.
- The dead grass that remains on mowing land in winter and spring. Mortimer. [Probably from the root of tear; cf. W. tór a break, cut, tóri to break, cut.]
- tremendous a.
- Fitted to excite fear or terror; such as may astonish or terrify by its magnitude, force, or violence; terrible; dreadful; as, a tremendous wind; a tremendous shower; a tremendous shock or fall. [L. tremendus that is to be trembled at, fearful, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.]
- twain a.
- Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]
- broke v. i.
- To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
- crashing n.
- The noise of many things falling and breaking at once.
- jarring a.
- Shaking; disturbing; discordant. [See Jar.]
- dire a.
- Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
- pathless a.
- Having no beaten path or way; untrodden; impenetrable; as, pathless woods.
- goodly a.
- Pleasant; agreeable; desirable. [OE. godlich, AS. g. See Good, and Like.]
- reft n.
- A chink; a rift. See Rift. Rom. of R.
- lashing n.
- The act of one who, or that which, lashes; castigation; chastisement. South. Lashing out, a striking out; also, extravagance.
- hoary a.
- White or whitish."The hoary willows."
- sweepy a.
- Moving with a sweeping motion.
- stupendous a.
- Astonishing; wonderful; amazing; especially, astonishing in magnitude or elevation; as, a stupendous pile. [L. stupendus astonishing, p. future pass. of stupere to be astonished at. Cf. Stupid.]
- billow n.
- A great wave or surge of the sea or other water, caused usually by violent wind. [Cf. Icel. bylgja billow, Dan. bölge, Sw. bölja; akin to MHG. bulge billow, bag, and to E. bulge. See Bulge.]
- strife n.
- The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
- nether a.
- Situated down or below; lying beneath, or in the lower part; having a lower position; belonging to the region below; lower; under; -- opposed to upper. [OE. nethere, neithere, AS. ni, fr. the adv. ni downward; akin to neo below, beneath, D. neder down, G. nieder, Sw. nedre below, nether, a. & adv., and also to S]
- unheard a.
- Not heard; not perceived by the ear; as, words unheard by those present.
- heaves n.
- A disease of horses, characterized by difficult breathing, with heaving of the flank, wheezing, flatulency, and a peculiar cough; broken wind.
- dreary a.
- Sorrowful; distressful. [OE. dreori, dreri, AS. dreórig, sad; akin to G. traurig, and prob. to AS. dreósan to fall, Goth. driusan. Cf. Dross, Drear, Drizzle, Drowse.]
- ridgy a.
- Having a ridge or ridges; rising in a ridge.
- pent p. p.
- Penned or shut up; confined; -- often with up. [From Pen, v. t.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
Wind is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, &c. (1790) Wherein It Is Attempted To Describe Certain Views Of Nature And Of Rustic Manners; And Also, To Point Out, In Some Instances, The Different Influence Which The Same Circumstances Produce On Different Characters, Project Gutenberg ebook #14617; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Joanna Baillie, Wind, in Poems (1790) (1790), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #14617, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/baillie-poems/wind.html, id L09864.
Form and metre
Wind is 124 lines in 5 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 79% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 94%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.4 syllables. 1 line ends on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 12% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBCC--DDEEFFGGHH swayA · wayA · fightB · mightB · bedC · dreadC · scours · low'rs · cloudsD · shrowdsD · bandsE · landsE · peakF · shriekF · waveG · caveG · shakeH · awakeH
- 2 AABB--CC----DDEEFF--GGHHIIJJ--KK blastA · vastA · driveB · striveB · brow · below · alongC · strongC · air · war · blast · waste · sweepD · deepD · soundE · roundE · distraughtF · naughtF · room · come · ireG · retireG · landH · strandH · wideI · sideI · soundJ · roundJ · swell · shrill · toreK · roarK
- 3 AABBCCDDEEFF----GGHHIIJJKK--LLMMNN-- wideA · prideA · brokeB · oakB · mightC · heightC · homeD · domeD · gateE · grateE · spireF · direF · men · plain · waste · blast · prideG · ey'dG · driftH · reftH · sandI · landI · wideJ · tideJ · seenK · betweenK · brow · below · mightL · heightL · headM · dreadM · riseN · skiesN · beneath · death
- 4 AA--BBCCDDEEFFGGHHFFII-- standsA · handsA · yard · unheard · restB · breastB · homeC · roamC · sleepsD · weepsD · stateE · greatE · eyeF · byF · screamsG · beamsG · squallH · wallH · eyeF · highF · rentI · sentI · affray · dismay
- 5 AA--BBCCDDEEBB courseA · forceA · waste · blast · awayB · swayB · pentC · ventC · deepD · sweepD · landE · strandE · playB · awayB
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| Pow'r uncontrollable, who hold'st thy sway | 10 | ··˘/˘˘···· |
| In the unbounded air, whose trackless way | 10 | ··˘/˘··/˘· |
| Is in the firmament, unknown of fight, | 10 | ···/˘˘˘/·· |
| Who bend'st the sheeted heavens in thy might, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| And lift'st the ocean from its lowest bed | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| To join in middle space the conflict dread; | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Who o'er the peopled earth in ruin scours, | 11 | ···/˘··/˘/˘ |
| And buffets the firm rock that proudly low'rs, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Thy signs are in the heav'ns. The upper clouds | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Draw shapeless o'er the sky their misty shrowds; | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Whilst darker fragments rove in lower bands, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| And mournful purple cloaths the distant lands. | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| In gather'd tribes, upon the hanging peak | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| The sea-fowl scream, ill-omen'd creatures shriek: | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Unwonted sounds groan on the distant wave, | 10 | ˘/˘····/˘· |
| And murmurs deep break from the downward cave. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Unlook'd-for gusts the quiet forests shake, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| And speak thy coming--awful Pow'r, awake! | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| Like burst of mighty waters wakes the blast, | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| In wide and boundless sweep: thro' regions vast | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| The floods of air in loosen'd fury drive, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| And meeting currents strong, and fiercely strive. | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| First wildly raving on the mountain's brow | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| 'Tis heard afar, till o'er the plains below | 10 | ··˘/······ |
| With even rushing force it bears along, | 10 | ·/˘/˘···˘/ |
| And gradual swelling, louder, full, and strong, | 10 | ·/˘˘/˘/··· |
| Breaks wide in scatter'd bellowing thro' the air. | 10 | ···/˘/˘··· |
| Now is it hush'd to calm, now rous'd to war, | 10 | ·········· |
| Whilst in the pauses of the nearer blast, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| The farther gusts howl from the distant waste. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| Now rushing furious by with loosen'd sweep, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Now rolling grandly on, solemn and deep, | 10 | ·/˘/˘·/˘·· |
| Its bursting strength the full embodied sound | 10 | ·/˘···˘/˘· |
| In wide and shallow brawlings scatters round; | 10 | ···/˘/˘/˘· |
| Then wild in eddies shrill, with rage distraught, | 10 | ···/˘···˘/ |
| And force exhausted, whistles into naught. | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘··· |
| With growing might, arising in its room, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘··· |
| From far, like waves of ocean onward come | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| Succeeding gusts, and spend their wasteful ire, | 10 | ˘/˘····/˘· |
| Then slow, in grumbled mutterings retire: | 10 | ···/˘/˘˘˘/ |
| And solemn stillness overawes the land, | 10 | ·/˘/˘····· |
| Save where the tempest growls along the distant strand. | 12 | ···/˘·˘/·/˘· |
| But great in doubled strength, afar and wide, | 10 | ···/˘·˘/·· |
| Returning battle wakes on ev'ry side; | 10 | ˘/˘/˘····· |
| And rolling on with full and threat'ning sound, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| In wildly mingled fury closes round. | 10 | ·/˘/˘/˘/˘· |
| With bellowings loud, and hollow deep'ning swell, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Reiterated hiss, and whistlings shrill, | 10 | ˘/˘·˘··/˘· |
| Fierce wars the varied storm, with fury tore, | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Till all is overwhelm'd in one tremendous roar. | 12 | ····˘/··˘/˘· |
| The vexed forest, tossing wide, | 7 | ··/˘/˘· |
| Uprooted strews its fairest pride; | 8 | ˘/˘··/˘· |
| The lofty pine in twain is broke, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| And crushing falls the knotted oak. | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| The huge rock trembles in its might; | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The proud tow'r tumbles from its height; | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Uncover'd stands the social home; | 8 | ˘/˘··/˘· |
| High rocks aloft the city dome; | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| Whilst bursting bar, and flapping gate, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And crashing roof, and clatt'ring grate, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| And hurling wall, and falling spire, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Mingle in jarring din and ruin dire. | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| Wild ruin scours the works of men; | 9 | ·/˘/˘···· |
| Their motly fragments strew the plain. | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| E'en in the desert's pathless waste, | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| Uncouth destruction marks the blast: | 8 | //˘/˘··· |
| And hollow caves whose secret pride, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Grotesque and grand, was never ey'd | 8 | ˘/···/˘· |
| By mortal man, abide its drift, | 8 | ·/˘·˘/·· |
| Of many a goodly pillar reft. | 9 | ·/˘·/˘/˘· |
| Fierce whirling mounts the desert sand, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And threats aloft the peopl'd land. | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| The great expanded ocean, heaving wide, | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘/˘· |
| Rolls to the farthest bound its lashing tide; | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| Whilst in the middle deep afar are seen, | 10 | ···/˘·˘/·· |
| All stately from the sunken gulfs between, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| The tow'ring waves, which bend with hoary brow, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Then dash impetuous to the deep below. | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| With broader sweepy base, in gather'd might | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Majestic, swelling to stupendous height, | 10 | ˘/˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| The mountain billow lifts its awful head, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| And, curving, breaks aloft with roarings dread. | 10 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘· |
| Sublimer still the mighty waters rise, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| And mingle in the strife of nether skies. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| All wildness and uproar, above, beneath, | 10 | ·/˘·/····· |
| A world immense of danger, dread, and death. | 10 | ··˘/·/˘··· |
| In dumb despair the sailor stands, | 8 | ··˘/·/˘· |
| The frantic merchant wrings his hands, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Advent'rous hope clings to the yard, | 8 | ········ |
| And sinking wretches shriek unheard: | 8 | ·/˘···˘/ |
| Whilst on the land, the matron ill at rest, | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Thinks of the distant main, and heaves her heavy breast. | 12 | ···/˘····/˘· |
| The peasants leave their ruin'd home, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And o'er the fields distracted roam: | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| Insensible the 'numbed infant sleeps, | 10 | ˘/˘˘··˘/˘· |
| And helpless bending age, weak and unshelter'd weeps. | 12 | ·/˘/˘······· |
| Low shrinking fear, in place of state, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Skulks in the dwellings of the great. | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| The rich man marks with careful eye, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Each wasteful gust that whistles by; | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And ill men fear'd with fancied screams | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Sit list'ning to the creaking beams. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| At break of ev'ry rising squall | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| On storm-beat' roof, or ancient wall, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Full many a glance of fearful eye | 9 | ·/˘···/˘· |
| Is upward cast, till from on high, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| From cracking joist, and gaping rent, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And falling fragments warning sent, | 8 | ·/˘/˘/˘· |
| Loud wakes around the wild affray, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| 'Tis all confusion and dismay. | 8 | ··˘/˘·˘/ |
| Now powerful but inconstant in its course, | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘··· |
| The tempest varies with uncertain force. | 10 | ·/˘/˘·˘/˘· |
| Like doleful wailings on the lonely waste, | 10 | ·/˘/˘··/˘· |
| Solemn and dreary sounds the weaning blast. | 10 | /˘·/˘··/˘· |
| Exhausted gusts recoiling growl away, | 10 | ˘/˘·˘/˘·˘/ |
| And, wak'd anew, return with feebler sway; | 10 | ··˘/˘/···· |
| Save where between the ridgy mountains pent, | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| The fierce imprison'd current strives for vent, | 10 | ··˘/˘/˘··· |
| With hollow howl, and lamentation deep, | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Then rushes o'er the plain with partial sweep. | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| A parting gust o'erscours the weary land, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| And lowly growls along the distant strand: | 10 | ·/˘·˘/·/˘· |
| Light thro' the wood the shiv'ring branches play, | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| And on the ocean far it slowly dies away. | 11 | ···/··/˘·˘/ |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.