Thunder

Joanna Baillie (1762–1851) · 1790

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 110 lines · from Poems (1790)

Spirit of strength, to whom in wrath 'tis givenTo mar the earth, and shake the vasty heaven:Behold the gloomy robes, that spreading hideThy secret majesty, lo! slow and wide,Thy heavy skirts sail in the middle air,Thy sultry shroud is o'er the noonday glare:Th' advancing clouds sublimely roll'd on high,Deep in their pitchy volumes clothe the sky;Like hosts of gath'ring foes array'd in death,Dread hangs their gloom upon the earth beneath,It is thy hour: the awful deep is still,And laid to rest the wind of ev'ry hill.Wild creatures of the forest homeward scour,And in their dens with fear unwonted cow'r.Pride in the lordly palace is forgot,And in the lowly shelter of the cotThe poor man sits, with all his fam'ly round,In awful expectation of thy sound.Lone on his way the trav'ller stands aghast;The fearful looks of man to heav'n are cast,When, lo! thy lightning gleams on high,As swiftly turns his startled eye;And swiftly as thy shooting blazeEach half performed motion stays,Deep awe, all human strife and labour stills,And thy dread voice alone, the earth and heaven fills.

Bright bursts the lightning from the cloud's dark womb,As quickly swallow'd in the closing gloom.The distant streamy flashes, spread askanceIn paler sheetings, skirt the wide expanse.Dread flaming from aloft, the cat'ract direOft meets in middle space the nether fire.Fierce, red, and ragged, shiv'ring in the air,Athwart mid-darkness shoots the lengthen'd glare.Wild glancing round, the feebler lightning plays;The rifted centre pours the gen'ral blaze;And from the warring clouds in fury driven,Red writhing falls the keen embodied bolt of heaven.

From the dark bowels of the burthen'd cloudDread swells the rolling peal, full, deep'ning, loud.Wide ratt'ling claps the heavens scatter'd o'er,In gathered strength lift the tremendous roar;With weaning force it rumbles over head,Then, growling, wears away to silence dread.Now waking from afar in doubled might,Slow rolling onward to the middle height;Like crash of mighty mountains downward hurl'd,Like the upbreaking of a wrecking world,In dreadful majesty, th' explosion grandBursts wide, and awful, o'er the trembling land.The lofty mountains echo back the roar,Deep from afar rebounds earth's rocky shore;All else existing in the senses boundIs lost in the immensity of sound.Wide jarring sounds by turns in strength convene,And deep, and terrible, the solemn pause between.

Aloft upon the mountain's sideThe kindled forest blazes wide.Huge fragments of the rugged deepAre tumbled to the lashing deep.Firm rooted in the cloven rock,Loud crashing falls the stubborn oak.The lightning keen, in wasteful ire,Fierce darting on the lofty spire,Wide rends in twain the ir'n-knit stone,And stately tow'rs are lowly thrown.Wild flames o'erscour the wide campaign,And plough askance the hissing main.Nor strength of man may brave the storm,Nor shelter skreen the shrinking form;Nor castle wall its fury stay,Nor masy gate may bar its way.It visits those of low estate,It shakes the dwellings of the great,It looks athwart the secret tomb,And glares upon the prison's gloom;While dungeons deep, in unknown light,Flash hidious on the wretches' fight,And lowly groans the downward cell,Where deadly silence wont to dwell.

Now upcast eyes to heav'n adore,And knees that never bow'd before.In stupid wonder flares the child;The maiden turns her glances wild,And lifts to hear the coming roar:The aged shake their locks so hoar:And stoutest hearts begin to fail,And many a manly cheek is pale;Till nearer closing peals astound,And crashing ruin mingles round;Then 'numbing fear awhile up-bindsThe pausing action of their minds,Till wak'd to dreadful sense, they lift their eyes,And round the stricken corse, shrill shrieks of horror rise.

Now thinly spreads the falling hallA motly winter o'er the vale,The hailstones bounding as they fallOn hardy rock, or storm-beat' wall.The loud beginning peal its fury checks,Now full, now fainter, with irreg'lar breaks,Then weak in force, unites the scatter'd found;And rolls its lengthen'd grumblings to the distant bound.A thick and muddy whiteness clothes the sky,In paler flashes gleams the lightning by;And thro' the rent cloud, silver'd with his ray,The sun looks down on all this wild affray;As high enthron'd above all mortal ken,A greater Pow'r beholds the strife of men:Yet o'er the distant hills the darkness scowls,And deep, and long, the parting tempest growls.

Words in this poem 36
noonday n.
Midday; twelve o'clock in the day; noon.
glare v. i.
To shine with a bright, dazzling light. [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glær amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]
sublimely adv.
In a sublime manner.
pitchy a.
Partaking of the qualities of pitch; resembling pitch. [From 1st Pitch.]
homeward a.
Being in the direction of home; as, the homeward way.
unwonted a.
Not wonted; unaccustomed; unused; not made familiar by practice; as, a child unwonted to strangers.
lone n.
A lane. See Loanin.
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
womb n.
The belly; the abdomen. [OE. wombe, wambe, AS. wamb, womb; akin to D. wam belly, OS. & OHG. wamba, G. wamme, wampe, Icel. vömb, Sw. v&mb, Dan. vom, Goth. wamba.]
streamy a.
Abounding with streams, or with running water; streamful.
askance adv.
Sideways; obliquely; with a side glance; with disdain, envy, or suspicion. [Cf. D. schuin, schuins, sideways, schuiven to shove, schuinte slope. Cf. Asquint.]
dire a.
Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
nether a.
Situated down or below; lying beneath, or in the lower part; having a lower position; belonging to the region below; lower; under; -- opposed to upper. [OE. nethere, neithere, AS. ni, fr. the adv. ni downward; akin to neo below, beneath, D. neder down, G. nieder, Sw. nedre below, nether, a. & adv., and also to S]
glancing a.
Shooting, as light.
centre v. i.
To be placed in a center; to be central.
peal v. i.
To appeal. Spencer.
claps v. t.
Variant of Clasp
tremendous a.
Fitted to excite fear or terror; such as may astonish or terrify by its magnitude, force, or violence; terrible; dreadful; as, a tremendous wind; a tremendous shower; a tremendous shock or fall. [L. tremendus that is to be trembled at, fearful, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.]
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
wrecking
a. & n. from Wreck, v. Wrecking car (Railway), a car fitted up with apparatus and implements for removing the wreck occasioned by an accident, as by a collision.
dreadful a.
Full of dread or terror; fearful.
immensity n.
The state or quality of being immense; inlimited or immeasurable extension; infinity; vastness in extent or bulk; greatness. [L. immensitas: cf. F. immensité.]
jarring a.
Shaking; disturbing; discordant. [See Jar.]
lashing n.
The act of one who, or that which, lashes; castigation; chastisement. South. Lashing out, a striking out; also, extravagance.
crashing n.
The noise of many things falling and breaking at once.
twain a.
Two;- nearly obsolete in common discourse, but used in poetry and burlesque. [OE. twein, tweien, tweyne, AS. twegen, masc. See Two.]
campaign n.
An open field; a large, open plain without considerable hills. [F. campagne, It. campagna, fr. L. Campania the level country about Naples, fr. campus field. See Camp, and cf. Champaign, Champagne.]
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
upcast v. t.
To cast or throw up; to turn upward.
adore v. t.
To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French pr]
hoar v. t.
To become moldy or musty. [AS. harian to grow gray.]
astound a.
Stunned; astounded; astonished. [OE. astouned, astound, astoned, p. p. of astone. See Astone.]
awhile adv.
For a while; for some time; for a short time. [Adj. a + while time, interval.]
stricken p. p.
Struck; smitten; wounded; as, the stricken deer.
corse n.
A living body or its bulk. [OF. cors, F. corps. See Corpse.]
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Thunder is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, &c. (1790) Wherein It Is Attempted To Describe Certain Views Of Nature And Of Rustic Manners; And Also, To Point Out, In Some Instances, The Different Influence Which The Same Circumstances Produce On Different Characters, Project Gutenberg ebook #14617; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Joanna Baillie, Thunder, in Poems (1790) (1790), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #14617, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/baillie-poems/thunder.html, id L09863.

Form and metre

Thunder is 110 lines in 6 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 84% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 94%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.3 syllables. 5 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 13% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 --AABBCC--DD--EEFFGGCCHHII given · heaven · hideA · wideA · airB · glareB · highC · skyC · death · beneath · stillD · hillD · scour · cow'r · forgotE · cotE · roundF · soundF · aghastG · castG · highC · eyeC · blazeH · staysH · stillsI · fillsI
  2. 2 AABBCCDDEE-- wombA · gloomA · askanceB · expanseB · direC · fireC · airD · glareD · playsE · blazeE · driven · heaven
  3. 3 AA-BCCDDEEFFBBGGHH cloudA · loudA · o'er · roarB · headC · dreadC · mightD · heightD · hurl'dE · worldE · grandF · landF · roarB · shoreB · boundG · soundG · conveneH · betweenH
  4. 4 AABB--CCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKK sideA · wideA · deepB · deepB · rock · oak · ireC · spireC · stoneD · thrownD · campaignE · mainE · stormF · formF · stayG · wayG · estateH · greatH · tombI · gloomI · lightJ · fightJ · cellK · dwellK
  5. 5 AABBAACCDDEEFF adoreA · beforeA · childB · wildB · roarA · hoarA · failC · paleC · astoundD · roundD · bindsE · mindsE · eyesF · riseF
  6. 6 A-AA--BBCC--DDEE hallA · vale · fallA · wallA · checks · breaks · foundB · boundB · skyC · byC · ray · affray · kenD · menD · scowlsE · growlsE
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Spirit of strength, to whom in wrath 'tis given11/˘·······/˘
To mar the earth, and shake the vasty heaven:11·······/˘/˘
Behold the gloomy robes, that spreading hide10˘/·/˘··/˘·
Thy secret majesty, lo! slow and wide,10·/˘/˘˘····
Thy heavy skirts sail in the middle air,10·/˘····/˘·
Thy sultry shroud is o'er the noonday glare:10·/˘····/˘·
Th' advancing clouds sublimely roll'd on high,10˘/˘·˘/˘···
Deep in their pitchy volumes clothe the sky;10···/˘/˘···
Like hosts of gath'ring foes array'd in death,10······˘/··
Dread hangs their gloom upon the earth beneath,10··········
It is thy hour: the awful deep is still,10···/·/˘···
And laid to rest the wind of ev'ry hill.10··········
Wild creatures of the forest homeward scour,11·/˘··/˘/˘/˘
And in their dens with fear unwonted cow'r.10······˘/˘·
Pride in the lordly palace is forgot,10···/˘/˘·˘/
And in the lowly shelter of the cot10···/˘/˘···
The poor man sits, with all his fam'ly round,10··········
In awful expectation of thy sound.10·/˘·˘/˘···
Lone on his way the trav'ller stands aghast;10········˘/
The fearful looks of man to heav'n are cast,10·/˘·······
When, lo! thy lightning gleams on high,8···/˘···
As swiftly turns his startled eye;8·/˘··/˘·
And swiftly as thy shooting blaze8·/˘··/˘·
Each half performed motion stays,7··˘//˘·
Deep awe, all human strife and labour stills,10···/˘··/··
And thy dread voice alone, the earth and heaven fills.11····˘/···/·
Bright bursts the lightning from the cloud's dark womb,10···/˘·····
As quickly swallow'd in the closing gloom.10·/˘/˘··/˘·
The distant streamy flashes, spread askance10·/˘/˘/˘·˘/
In paler sheetings, skirt the wide expanse.10···/˘···˘/
Dread flaming from aloft, the cat'ract dire10·/˘·˘/····
Oft meets in middle space the nether fire.11···/˘··/˘/˘
Fierce, red, and ragged, shiv'ring in the air,10···/˘·····
Athwart mid-darkness shoots the lengthen'd glare.10˘/·/˘··/˘·
Wild glancing round, the feebler lightning plays;10·/˘····/˘·
The rifted centre pours the gen'ral blaze;10·/˘/˘·····
And from the warring clouds in fury driven,11···/˘··/˘/˘
Red writhing falls the keen embodied bolt of heaven.12·/˘···˘/˘··/
From the dark bowels of the burthen'd cloud10···/˘·····
Dread swells the rolling peal, full, deep'ning, loud.10···/˘·····
Wide ratt'ling claps the heavens scatter'd o'er,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
In gathered strength lift the tremendous roar;10·/˘···˘/˘·
With weaning force it rumbles over head,10·/˘··/˘···
Then, growling, wears away to silence dread.10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
Now waking from afar in doubled might,10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
Slow rolling onward to the middle height;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Like crash of mighty mountains downward hurl'd,10···/˘/˘/˘·
Like the upbreaking of a wrecking world,10·······/˘·
In dreadful majesty, th' explosion grand10·/˘/˘˘˘/˘·
Bursts wide, and awful, o'er the trembling land.10···/˘··/˘·
The lofty mountains echo back the roar,10·/˘/˘/˘···
Deep from afar rebounds earth's rocky shore;10··˘//··/˘·
All else existing in the senses bound10··˘/˘··/˘·
Is lost in the immensity of sound.10····˘/˘˘··
Wide jarring sounds by turns in strength convene,10·/˘·····˘/
And deep, and terrible, the solemn pause between.11···/˘·/˘···
Aloft upon the mountain's side8˘/···/˘·
The kindled forest blazes wide.8·/˘/˘/˘·
Huge fragments of the rugged deep8·/˘··/˘·
Are tumbled to the lashing deep.8·/˘··/˘·
Firm rooted in the cloven rock,8·/˘··/˘·
Loud crashing falls the stubborn oak.8·/˘··/˘·
The lightning keen, in wasteful ire,8·/˘··/˘·
Fierce darting on the lofty spire,8·/˘··/˘·
Wide rends in twain the ir'n-knit stone,8········
And stately tow'rs are lowly thrown.8·/˘··/˘·
Wild flames o'erscour the wide campaign,8······˘/
And plough askance the hissing main.8··˘/·/˘·
Nor strength of man may brave the storm,8········
Nor shelter skreen the shrinking form;8·/˘··/˘·
Nor castle wall its fury stay,8·/˘··/˘·
Nor masy gate may bar its way.8········
It visits those of low estate,8·/˘···˘/
It shakes the dwellings of the great,8···/˘···
It looks athwart the secret tomb,8··˘/·/˘·
And glares upon the prison's gloom;8·····/˘·
While dungeons deep, in unknown light,8·/˘··˘/·
Flash hidious on the wretches' fight,8········
And lowly groans the downward cell,8·/˘··/˘·
Where deadly silence wont to dwell.8·/˘/˘···
Now upcast eyes to heav'n adore,8·/˘···˘/
And knees that never bow'd before.8···/˘···
In stupid wonder flares the child;8·/˘/˘···
The maiden turns her glances wild,8·/˘··/˘·
And lifts to hear the coming roar:8·····/˘·
The aged shake their locks so hoar:7·······
And stoutest hearts begin to fail,8·/˘·˘/··
And many a manly cheek is pale;9·/˘·/˘···
Till nearer closing peals astound,8·/˘/˘·˘/
And crashing ruin mingles round;8·/˘/˘/˘·
Then 'numbing fear awhile up-binds8·/˘·˘/··
The pausing action of their minds,8·/˘/˘···
Till wak'd to dreadful sense, they lift their eyes,10···/˘·····
And round the stricken corse, shrill shrieks of horror rise.12···/˘····/˘·
Now thinly spreads the falling hall8·/˘··/˘·
A motly winter o'er the vale,8···/˘···
The hailstones bounding as they fall8·/·/˘···
On hardy rock, or storm-beat' wall.8·/˘·····
The loud beginning peal its fury checks,10··˘/˘··/˘·
Now full, now fainter, with irreg'lar breaks,10···/˘·····
Then weak in force, unites the scatter'd found;10····˘/·/˘·
And rolls its lengthen'd grumblings to the distant bound.12···/˘/˘··/˘·
A thick and muddy whiteness clothes the sky,10···/˘/˘···
In paler flashes gleams the lightning by;10···/˘··/˘·
And thro' the rent cloud, silver'd with his ray,10··········
The sun looks down on all this wild affray;10········˘/
As high enthron'd above all mortal ken,10·······/˘·
A greater Pow'r beholds the strife of men:10·/˘·˘/····
Yet o'er the distant hills the darkness scowls,10···/˘··/˘·
And deep, and long, the parting tempest growls.10·····/˘/˘·

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