The King

Matthew Arnold (1822–1888) · 1849–1867

iambic tetrameter · 52 lines · from Poems

O vizier, thou art old, I young!Clear in these things I cannot see.My head is burning, and a heatIs in my skin which angers me.

But hear ye this, ye sons of men!They that bear rule, and are obeyed,Unto a rule more strong than theirsAre in their turn obedient made.

In vain therefore, with wistful eyesGazing up hither, the poor man,Who loiters by the high-heaped booths,Below there, in the Registàn,--

Says, “Happy he who lodges there!With silken raiment, store of rice,And for this drought, all kinds of fruits,Grape-sirup, squares of colored ice,--

“With cherries served in drifts of snow.”In vain hath a king power to buildHouses, arcades, enamelled mosques;And to make orchard-closes, filled

With curious fruit-trees brought from far,With cisterns for the winter-rain,And, in the desert, spacious innsIn divers places,--if that pain

Is not more lightened, which he feels,If his will be not satisfied;And that it be not, from all timeThe law is planted, to abide.

Thou wast a sinner, thou poor man!Thou wast athirst; and didst not see,That, though we take what we desire,We must not snatch it eagerly.

And I have meat and drink at will,And rooms of treasures, not a few.But I am sick, nor heed I these;And what I would, I cannot do.

Even the great honor which I have,When I am dead, will soon grow still;So have I neither joy, nor fame.But what I can do, that I will.

I have a fretted brick-work tombUpon a hill on the right hand,Hard by a close of apricots,Upon the road of Samarcand;

Thither, O vizier, will I bearThis man my pity could not save,And, plucking up the marble flags,There lay his body in my grave.

Bring water, nard, and linen-rolls!Wash off all blood, set smooth each limb!Then say, “He was not wholly vile,Because a king shall bury him.”

Words in this poem

wistful a.
Longing; wishful; desirous. [For wishful; perhaps influenced by wistly, which is probably corrupted from OE. wisly certainly (from Icel. viss certain, akin to E. wit). See Wish.]
curious a.
Difficult to please or satisfy; solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous; nice; exact. [OF. curios, curius, F. curieux, L. curiosus careful, inquisitive, fr. cura care. See Cure.]
divers a.
Different in kind or species; diverse. [F. divers, L. diversus turned in different directions, different, p. p. of divertere. See Divert, and cf. Diverse.]
wast
The second person singular of the verb be, in the indicative mood, imperfect tense; -- now used only in solemn or poetical style.
sinner n.
One who has sinned; especially, one who has sinned without repenting; hence, a persistent and incorrigible transgressor; one condemned by the law of God.
athirst a.
Wanting drink; thirsty. [OE. ofthurst, AS. ofpyrsted, p. p. of ofpyrstan; pref. of-, intensive + pyrstan to thirst. See Thirst.]
didst
, the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
nard n.
An East Indian plant (Nardostachys Jatamansi) of the Valerian family, used from remote ages in Oriental perfumery. [AS., fr. L. nardus, Gr. nêrd, Per. nard, Scr. nalada.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The King is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #54985; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Matthew Arnold, The King, in Poems (1849–1867), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #54985, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/arnold-poems/the-king.html, id L06969.

Form and metre

The King is 52 lines in 13 stanzas of 4 lines each. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.0 syllables. 2 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 19% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-A young · seeA · heat · meA
  2. 2 -A-A men · obeyedA · theirs · madeA
  3. 4 -A-A there · riceA · fruits · iceA
  4. 5 -A-A snow · buildA · mosques · filledA
  5. 6 -A-A far · rainA · inns · painA
  6. 7 -A-A feels · satisfiedA · time · abideA
  7. 9 -A-A will · fewA · these · doA
  8. 10 -A-A have · stillA · fame · willA
  9. 11 -A-A tomb · handA · apricots · samarcandA
  10. 12 -A-A bear · saveA · flags · graveA
  11. 13 -A-A rolls · limbA · vile · himA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
O vizier, thou art old, I young!8·/˘·····
Clear in these things I cannot see.8·····/˘·
My head is burning, and a heat8···/˘···
Is in my skin which angers me.8·····/˘·
But hear ye this, ye sons of men!8········
They that bear rule, and are obeyed,8······˘/
Unto a rule more strong than theirs8········
Are in their turn obedient made.8····˘/˘·
In vain therefore, with wistful eyes8·····/˘·
Gazing up hither, the poor man,8/˘·/˘···
Who loiters by the high-heaped booths,8·/˘·····
Below there, in the Registàn,--8········
Says, “Happy he who lodges there!8·/˘··/˘·
With silken raiment, store of rice,8·/˘/˘···
And for this drought, all kinds of fruits,8········
Grape-sirup, squares of colored ice,--8·····/˘·
“With cherries served in drifts of snow.”8·/˘·····
In vain hath a king power to build8·····/··
Houses, arcades, enamelled mosques;8/˘˘/˘/˘·
And to make orchard-closes, filled8···/˘/˘·
With curious fruit-trees brought from far,8·/˘·····
With cisterns for the winter-rain,8·/˘··/˘·
And, in the desert, spacious inns8···/˘/˘·
In divers places,--if that pain8·/˘/˘···
Is not more lightened, which he feels,8···/˘···
If his will be not satisfied;8·····/˘·
And that it be not, from all time8········
The law is planted, to abide.8···/˘·˘/
Thou wast a sinner, thou poor man!8···/˘···
Thou wast athirst; and didst not see,8··˘/····
That, though we take what we desire,9······˘/˘
We must not snatch it eagerly.8·····/˘˘
And I have meat and drink at will,8········
And rooms of treasures, not a few.8···/˘···
But I am sick, nor heed I these;8········
And what I would, I cannot do.8·····/˘·
Even the great honor which I have,8/··/˘···
When I am dead, will soon grow still;8········
So have I neither joy, nor fame.8···/˘···
But what I can do, that I will.8········
I have a fretted brick-work tomb8···/˘···
Upon a hill on the right hand,8········
Hard by a close of apricots,8·····/˘·
Upon the road of Samarcand;8········
Thither, O vizier, will I bear8/˘·/˘···
This man my pity could not save,8···/˘···
And, plucking up the marble flags,8·/˘··/˘·
There lay his body in my grave.8···/˘···
Bring water, nard, and linen-rolls!8·/˘··/˘·
Wash off all blood, set smooth each limb!8········
Then say, “He was not wholly vile,8·····/˘·
Because a king shall bury him.”8·····/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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