The King
O vizier, thou art old, I young!Clear in these things I cannot see.My head is burning, and a heatIs in my skin which angers me.
But hear ye this, ye sons of men!They that bear rule, and are obeyed,Unto a rule more strong than theirsAre in their turn obedient made.
In vain therefore, with wistful eyesGazing up hither, the poor man,Who loiters by the high-heaped booths,Below there, in the Registàn,--
Says, “Happy he who lodges there!With silken raiment, store of rice,And for this drought, all kinds of fruits,Grape-sirup, squares of colored ice,--
“With cherries served in drifts of snow.”In vain hath a king power to buildHouses, arcades, enamelled mosques;And to make orchard-closes, filled
With curious fruit-trees brought from far,With cisterns for the winter-rain,And, in the desert, spacious innsIn divers places,--if that pain
Is not more lightened, which he feels,If his will be not satisfied;And that it be not, from all timeThe law is planted, to abide.
Thou wast a sinner, thou poor man!Thou wast athirst; and didst not see,That, though we take what we desire,We must not snatch it eagerly.
And I have meat and drink at will,And rooms of treasures, not a few.But I am sick, nor heed I these;And what I would, I cannot do.
Even the great honor which I have,When I am dead, will soon grow still;So have I neither joy, nor fame.But what I can do, that I will.
I have a fretted brick-work tombUpon a hill on the right hand,Hard by a close of apricots,Upon the road of Samarcand;
Thither, O vizier, will I bearThis man my pity could not save,And, plucking up the marble flags,There lay his body in my grave.
Bring water, nard, and linen-rolls!Wash off all blood, set smooth each limb!Then say, “He was not wholly vile,Because a king shall bury him.”
Words in this poem
- wistful a.
- Longing; wishful; desirous. [For wishful; perhaps influenced by wistly, which is probably corrupted from OE. wisly certainly (from Icel. viss certain, akin to E. wit). See Wish.]
- curious a.
- Difficult to please or satisfy; solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous; nice; exact. [OF. curios, curius, F. curieux, L. curiosus careful, inquisitive, fr. cura care. See Cure.]
- divers a.
- Different in kind or species; diverse. [F. divers, L. diversus turned in different directions, different, p. p. of divertere. See Divert, and cf. Diverse.]
- wast
- The second person singular of the verb be, in the indicative mood, imperfect tense; -- now used only in solemn or poetical style.
- sinner n.
- One who has sinned; especially, one who has sinned without repenting; hence, a persistent and incorrigible transgressor; one condemned by the law of God.
- athirst a.
- Wanting drink; thirsty. [OE. ofthurst, AS. ofpyrsted, p. p. of ofpyrstan; pref. of-, intensive + pyrstan to thirst. See Thirst.]
- didst
- , the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
- nard n.
- An East Indian plant (Nardostachys Jatamansi) of the Valerian family, used from remote ages in Oriental perfumery. [AS., fr. L. nardus, Gr. nêrd, Per. nard, Scr. nalada.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
The King is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #54985; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Matthew Arnold, The King, in Poems (1849–1867), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #54985, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/arnold-poems/the-king.html, id L06969.
Form and metre
The King is 52 lines in 13 stanzas of 4 lines each. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 96% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.0 syllables. 2 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 19% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
See other poems in iambic tetrameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 -A-A young · seeA · heat · meA
- 2 -A-A men · obeyedA · theirs · madeA
- 4 -A-A there · riceA · fruits · iceA
- 5 -A-A snow · buildA · mosques · filledA
- 6 -A-A far · rainA · inns · painA
- 7 -A-A feels · satisfiedA · time · abideA
- 9 -A-A will · fewA · these · doA
- 10 -A-A have · stillA · fame · willA
- 11 -A-A tomb · handA · apricots · samarcandA
- 12 -A-A bear · saveA · flags · graveA
- 13 -A-A rolls · limbA · vile · himA
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| O vizier, thou art old, I young! | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Clear in these things I cannot see. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| My head is burning, and a heat | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Is in my skin which angers me. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| But hear ye this, ye sons of men! | 8 | ········ |
| They that bear rule, and are obeyed, | 8 | ······˘/ |
| Unto a rule more strong than theirs | 8 | ········ |
| Are in their turn obedient made. | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| In vain therefore, with wistful eyes | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Gazing up hither, the poor man, | 8 | /˘·/˘··· |
| Who loiters by the high-heaped booths, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| Below there, in the Registàn,-- | 8 | ········ |
| Says, “Happy he who lodges there! | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| With silken raiment, store of rice, | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| And for this drought, all kinds of fruits, | 8 | ········ |
| Grape-sirup, squares of colored ice,-- | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| “With cherries served in drifts of snow.” | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| In vain hath a king power to build | 8 | ·····/·· |
| Houses, arcades, enamelled mosques; | 8 | /˘˘/˘/˘· |
| And to make orchard-closes, filled | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| With curious fruit-trees brought from far, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| With cisterns for the winter-rain, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| And, in the desert, spacious inns | 8 | ···/˘/˘· |
| In divers places,--if that pain | 8 | ·/˘/˘··· |
| Is not more lightened, which he feels, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| If his will be not satisfied; | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| And that it be not, from all time | 8 | ········ |
| The law is planted, to abide. | 8 | ···/˘·˘/ |
| Thou wast a sinner, thou poor man! | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Thou wast athirst; and didst not see, | 8 | ··˘/···· |
| That, though we take what we desire, | 9 | ······˘/˘ |
| We must not snatch it eagerly. | 8 | ·····/˘˘ |
| And I have meat and drink at will, | 8 | ········ |
| And rooms of treasures, not a few. | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| But I am sick, nor heed I these; | 8 | ········ |
| And what I would, I cannot do. | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Even the great honor which I have, | 8 | /··/˘··· |
| When I am dead, will soon grow still; | 8 | ········ |
| So have I neither joy, nor fame. | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| But what I can do, that I will. | 8 | ········ |
| I have a fretted brick-work tomb | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Upon a hill on the right hand, | 8 | ········ |
| Hard by a close of apricots, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Upon the road of Samarcand; | 8 | ········ |
| Thither, O vizier, will I bear | 8 | /˘·/˘··· |
| This man my pity could not save, | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| And, plucking up the marble flags, | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| There lay his body in my grave. | 8 | ···/˘··· |
| Bring water, nard, and linen-rolls! | 8 | ·/˘··/˘· |
| Wash off all blood, set smooth each limb! | 8 | ········ |
| Then say, “He was not wholly vile, | 8 | ·····/˘· |
| Because a king shall bury him.” | 8 | ·····/˘· |
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