Hussein

Matthew Arnold (1822–1888) · 1849–1867

iambic tetrameter · 104 lines · from Poems

Three days since, at the time of prayer,A certain Moollah, with his robeAll rent, and dust upon his hair,Watched my lord’s coming forth, and pushedThe golden mace-bearers aside,And fell at the king’s feet, and cried,--

“Justice, O king, and on myself!On this great sinner, who did breakThe law, and by the law must die!Vengeance, O king!”

But the king spake:“What fool is this, that hurts our earsWith folly? or what drunken slave?My guards, what! prick him with your spears!Prick me the fellow from the path!”

As the king said, so was it done,And to the mosque my lord passed on.

But on the morrow, when the kingWent forth again, the holy bookCarried before him, as is right,And through the square his way he took;

My man comes running, flecked with bloodFrom yesterday, and falling downCries out most earnestly, “O king,My lord, O king, do right, I pray!

“How canst thou, ere thou hear, discernIf I speak folly? but a king,Whether a thing be great or small,Like Allah, hears and judges all.

“Wherefore hear thou! Thou know’st, how fierceIn these last days the sun hath burned;That the green water in the tanksIs to a putrid puddle turned;And the canal, that from the streamOf Samarcand is brought this way,Wastes and runs thinner every day.

‘Now I at nightfall had gone forthAlone, and in a darksome placeUnder some mulberry-trees I foundA little pool; and in short spaceWith all the water that was thereI filled my pitcher, and stole homeUnseen; and having drink to spare,I hid the can behind the door,And went up on the roof to sleep.

“But in the night, which was with windAnd burning dust, again I creepDown, having fever, for a drink.

“Now, meanwhile had my brethren foundThe water-pitcher, where it stoodBehind the door upon the ground,And called my mother; and they all,As they were thirsty, and the nightMost sultry, drained the pitcher there;That they sate with it, in my sight,Their lips still wet, when I came down.

“Now mark! I, being fevered, sick,(Most unblest also), at that sightBrake forth, and cursed them--dost thou hear?--One was my mother.---- Now do right!”

But my lord mused a space, and said,--“Send him away, sirs, and make on!It is some madman,” the king said.As the king bade, so was it done.

The morrow, at the self-same hour,In the king’s path, behold, the man,Not kneeling, sternly fixed! He stoodRight opposite, and thus began,Frowning grim down: “Thou wicked king,Most deaf where thou shouldst most give ear!What! must I howl in the next world,Because thou wilt not listen here?

“What! wilt thou pray, and get thee grace,And all grace shall to me be grudged?Nay, but I swear, from this thy pathI will not stir till I be judged!”

Then they who stood about the kingDrew close together, and conferred;Till that the king stood forth, and said,“Before the priests thou shalt be heard.”

But when the Ulemas were met,And the thing heard, they doubted not;But sentenced him, as the law is,To die by stoning on the spot.

Now the king charged us secretly:“Stoned must he be, the law stands so.Yet, if he seek to fly, give way:Hinder him not, but let him go.”

So saying, the king took a stone,And cast it softly; but the man,With a great joy upon his face,Kneeled down, and cried not, neither ran.

So they, whose lot it was, cast stones,That they flew thick, and bruised him sore.But he praised Allah with loud voice,And remained kneeling as before.

My lord had covered up his face;But when one told him, “He is dead,”Turning him quickly to go in,“Bring thou to me his corpse,” he said.

And truly, while I speak, O king,I hear the bearers on the stair:Wilt thou they straightway bring him in?--Ho! enter ye who tarry there!

Words in this poem 18
sinner n.
One who has sinned; especially, one who has sinned without repenting; hence, a persistent and incorrigible transgressor; one condemned by the law of God.
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
allah n.
The name of the Supreme Being, in use among the Arabs and the Mohammedans generally. [contr. fr. the article al the + ilah God.]
wherefore adv.
For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
nightfall n.
The close of the day.
darksome a.
Dark; gloomy; obscure; shaded; cheerless.
stole n.
A long, loose garment reaching to the feet. [AS. stole, L. stola, Gr. stall. See Stall.]
unseen a.
Not seen or discovered.
meanwhile n.
The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
sate v. t.
To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
unblest a.
Not blest; excluded from benediction; hence, accursed; wretched. [Pref. un- not + blessed, blest.]
cursed a.
Deserving a curse; execrable; hateful; detestable; abominable.
bade
A form of the pat tense of Bid.
sternly adv.
In a stern manner.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
shalt
2d per. sing. of Shall.
corpse n.
A human body in general, whether living or dead; -- sometimes contemptuosly. [OF. cors (sometimes written corps), F. corps, L. corpus; akin to AS. hrif womb. See Midriff, and cf. Corse, Corselet, Corps, Cuerpo.]
straightway adv.
Immediately; without loss of time; without delay.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Hussein is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems, Project Gutenberg ebook #54985; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Matthew Arnold, Hussein, in Poems (1849–1867), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #54985, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/arnold-poems/hussein-3.html, id L06967.

Form and metre

Hussein is 104 lines in 22 stanzas. The metre is iambic tetrameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 86%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.9 syllables. 2 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 26% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic tetrameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 A-A-BB prayerA · robe · hairA · pushed · asideB · criedB
  2. 3 -A-A- spake · earsA · slave · spearsA · path
  3. 5 -A-A king · bookA · right · tookA
  4. 7 --AA discern · king · smallA · allA
  5. 8 -A-A-BB fierce · burnedA · tanks · turnedA · stream · wayB · dayB
  6. 9 -A-AB-B-- forth · placeA · found · spaceA · thereB · home · spareB · door · sleep
  7. 11 A-A-B-B- foundA · stood · groundA · all · nightB · there · sightB · down
  8. 12 -A-A sick · sightA · hear · rightA
  9. 13 A-A- saidA · on · saidA · done
  10. 14 -A-A-B-B hour · manA · stood · beganA · king · earB · world · hereB
  11. 15 -A-A grace · grudgedA · path · judgedA
  12. 16 -A-A king · conferredA · said · heardA
  13. 17 -A-A met · notA · is · spotA
  14. 18 -A-A secretly · soA · way · goA
  15. 19 -A-A stone · manA · face · ranA
  16. 20 -A-A stones · soreA · voice · beforeA
  17. 21 -A-A face · deadA · in · saidA
  18. 22 -A-A king · stairA · in · thereA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic tetrameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Three days since, at the time of prayer,8········
A certain Moollah, with his robe8·/˘·····
All rent, and dust upon his hair,8········
Watched my lord’s coming forth, and pushed8···/˘···
The golden mace-bearers aside,8·/˘·/˘˘/
And fell at the king’s feet, and cried,--8········
“Justice, O king, and on myself!8/˘·····/
On this great sinner, who did break8···/˘···
The law, and by the law must die!8········
Vengeance, O king!”4/˘··
But the king spake:4····
“What fool is this, that hurts our ears8······/·
With folly? or what drunken slave?8·/˘··/˘·
My guards, what! prick him with your spears!8········
Prick me the fellow from the path!”8···/˘···
As the king said, so was it done,8········
And to the mosque my lord passed on.8········
But on the morrow, when the king8···/˘···
Went forth again, the holy book8··˘/·/˘·
Carried before him, as is right,8/˘······
And through the square his way he took;8········
My man comes running, flecked with blood8···/˘···
From yesterday, and falling down8·/˘··/˘·
Cries out most earnestly, “O king,8···/˘˘··
My lord, O king, do right, I pray!8········
“How canst thou, ere thou hear, discern8······˘/
If I speak folly? but a king,8···/˘···
Whether a thing be great or small,8········
Like Allah, hears and judges all.8·/˘··/˘·
“Wherefore hear thou! Thou know’st, how fierce8/˘······
In these last days the sun hath burned;8········
That the green water in the tanks8···/˘···
Is to a putrid puddle turned;8···/˘/˘·
And the canal, that from the stream8··˘/····
Of Samarcand is brought this way,8········
Wastes and runs thinner every day.8···/˘/˘·
‘Now I at nightfall had gone forth8···/····
Alone, and in a darksome place8˘/···/˘·
Under some mulberry-trees I found9···/·˘···
A little pool; and in short space8·/˘·····
With all the water that was there8···/˘···
I filled my pitcher, and stole home8···/˘···
Unseen; and having drink to spare,8˘/·/˘···
I hid the can behind the door,8········
And went up on the roof to sleep.8········
“But in the night, which was with wind8········
And burning dust, again I creep8·/˘·˘/··
Down, having fever, for a drink.8·/˘/˘···
“Now, meanwhile had my brethren found8·/···/˘·
The water-pitcher, where it stood8·/˘/˘···
Behind the door upon the ground,8········
And called my mother; and they all,8···/˘···
As they were thirsty, and the night8···/˘···
Most sultry, drained the pitcher there;8·/˘··/˘·
That they sate with it, in my sight,8········
Their lips still wet, when I came down.8········
“Now mark! I, being fevered, sick,8···/˘/˘·
(Most unblest also), at that sight8···/˘···
Brake forth, and cursed them--dost thou hear?--8········
One was my mother.---- Now do right!”8···/˘···
But my lord mused a space, and said,--8········
“Send him away, sirs, and make on!8··˘/····
It is some madman,” the king said.8···/····
As the king bade, so was it done.8········
The morrow, at the self-same hour,9·/˘····/˘
In the king’s path, behold, the man,8····˘/··
Not kneeling, sternly fixed! He stood8·/˘/˘···
Right opposite, and thus began,8·/˘˘··˘/
Frowning grim down: “Thou wicked king,8/˘···/˘·
Most deaf where thou shouldst most give ear!8········
What! must I howl in the next world,8········
Because thou wilt not listen here?8·····/˘·
“What! wilt thou pray, and get thee grace,8········
And all grace shall to me be grudged?8········
Nay, but I swear, from this thy path8········
I will not stir till I be judged!”8········
Then they who stood about the king8········
Drew close together, and conferred;8··˘/˘·˘/
Till that the king stood forth, and said,8········
“Before the priests thou shalt be heard.”8········
But when the Ulemas were met,8········
And the thing heard, they doubted not;8·····/˘·
But sentenced him, as the law is,8·/˘·····
To die by stoning on the spot.8···/˘···
Now the king charged us secretly:8·····/˘˘
“Stoned must he be, the law stands so.8········
Yet, if he seek to fly, give way:8········
Hinder him not, but let him go.”8/˘······
So saying, the king took a stone,8·/˘·····
And cast it softly; but the man,8···/˘···
With a great joy upon his face,8········
Kneeled down, and cried not, neither ran.8·····/˘·
So they, whose lot it was, cast stones,8········
That they flew thick, and bruised him sore.8········
But he praised Allah with loud voice,8···/˘···
And remained kneeling as before.8·˘//˘···
My lord had covered up his face;8···/˘···
But when one told him, “He is dead,”8········
Turning him quickly to go in,8/˘·/˘···
“Bring thou to me his corpse,” he said.8········
And truly, while I speak, O king,8·/˘·····
I hear the bearers on the stair:8···/˘···
Wilt thou they straightway bring him in?8···/˘···
--Ho! enter ye who tarry there!8·/˘··/˘·

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