To Sleep

Mark Akenside (1721–1770) · 1744

iambic pentameter · AABCCBDEDE · 60 lines · from The Poetical Works of Mark Akenside

Thou silent power, whose welcome swayCharms every anxious thought away;In whose divine oblivion drown'd,Sore pain and weary toil grow mild,Love is with kinder looks beguiled,And grief forgets her fondly cherish'd wound;Oh, whither hast thou flown, indulgent god?God of kind shadows and of healing dews,Whom dost thou touch with thy Lethaean rod?Around whose temples now thy opiate airs diffuse?

Lo, Midnight from her starry reignLooks awful down on earth and main.The tuneful birds lie hush'd in sleep,With all that crop the verdant food,With all that skim the crystal flood,Or haunt the caverns of the rocky steep.No rushing winds disturb the tufted bowers;No wakeful sound the moonlight valley knows,Save where the brook its liquid murmur pours,And lulls the waving scene to more profound repose.

Oh, let not me alone complain,Alone invoke thy power in vain!Descend, propitious, on my eyes;Not from the couch that bears a crown,Not from the courtly statesman's down,Nor where the miser and his treasure lies:Bring not the shapes that break the murderer's rest,Nor those the hireling soldier loves to see,Nor those which haunt the bigot's gloomy breast:Far be their guilty nights, and far their dreams from me!

Nor yet those awful forms present,For chiefs and heroes only meant:The figured brass, the choral song,The rescued people's glad applause,The listening senate, and the lawsFix'd by the counsels of Timoleon's tongue,Are scenes too grand for fortune's private ways;And though they shine in youth's ingenuous view,The sober gainful arts of modern daysTo such romantic thoughts have bid a long adieu.

I ask not, god of dreams, thy careTo banish Love's presentments fair:Nor rosy cheek nor radiant eyeCan arm him with such strong commandThat the young sorcerer's fatal handShould round my soul his pleasing fetters tie.Nor yet the courtier's hope, the giving smile(A lighter phantom, and a baser chain)Did e'er in slumber my proud lyre beguileTo lend the pomp of thrones her ill-according strain.

But, Morpheus, on thy balmy wingSuch honourable visions bring,As soothed great Milton's injured age,When in prophetic dreams he sawThe race unborn with pious aweImbibe each virtue from his heavenly page:Or such as Mead's benignant fancy knowsWhen health's deep treasures, by his art explored,Have saved the infant from an orphan's woes,Or to the trembling sire his age's hope restored.

Words in this poem 18
oblivion n.
The act of forgetting, or the state of being forgotten; cessation of remembrance; forgetfulness. [L. oblivio, akin to oblivisci to forget: cf. OF. oblivion.]
fondly adv.
Foolishly. Verstegan (1673).
whither adv.
To what place; -- used interrogatively; as, whither goest thou [OE. whider. AS. hwider; akin to E. where, who; cf. Goth. hvadre whither. See Who, and cf. Hither, Thither.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
flown a.
Flushed, inflated.
opiate n.
Originally, a medicine of a thicker consistence than sirup, prepared with opium. Parr. [From Opium: cf.F. opiat.]
starry a.
Abounding with stars; adorned with stars.
tuneful a.
Harmonious; melodious; musical; as, tuneful notes.
wakeful a.
Not sleeping; indisposed to sleep; watchful; vigilant.
courtly a.
Relating or belonging to a court. [From Court.]
hireling n.
One who is hired, or who serves for wages; esp., one whose motive and interest in serving another are wholly gainful; a mercenary. [AS. h. See Hire, n., and -ling.]
choral a.
Of or pertaining to a choir or chorus; singing, sung, or adapted to be sung, in chorus or harmony. Choral service, a service of song. [LL. choralis, fr. L. chorus. See Chorus.]
ingenuous a.
Of honorable extraction; freeborn; noble; as, ingenuous blood of birth. [L. ingenuus inborn, innate, freeborn, noble, frank; pref. in- in + the root of gignere to beget. See Genius, and cf. Ingenious.]
morpheus n.
The god of dreams.
balmy a.
Having the qualities of balm; odoriferous; aromatic; assuaging; soothing; refreshing; mild.
unborn a.
Not born; no yet brought into life; being still to appear; future.
benignant a.
Kind; gracious; favorable. [LL. benignans, p. pr. of benignare, from L. benignus. See Benign.]
sire n.
A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

To Sleep is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of Mark Akenside, Project Gutenberg ebook #9814; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Mark Akenside, To Sleep, in The Poetical Works of Mark Akenside (1744), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #9814, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/akenside-poems/to-sleep.html, id L09523.

Form and metre

To Sleep is 60 lines in 6 stanzas of 10 lines each. The rhyme scheme is AABCCBDEDE, complete in 4 of its 6 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 9.4 syllables. 2 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 23% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABCCBDEDE swayA · awayA · drown'dB · mildC · beguiledC · woundB · godD · dewsE · rodD · diffuseE
  2. 2 AAB--BCC-C reignA · mainA · sleepB · food · flood · steepB · bowersC · knowsC · pours · reposeC
  3. 3 AABCCBDEDE complainA · vainA · eyesB · crownC · downC · liesB · restD · seeE · breastD · meE
  4. 4 AA-BB-CDCD presentA · meantA · song · applauseB · lawsB · tongue · waysC · viewD · daysC · adieuD
  5. 5 AABCCBDEDE careA · fairA · eyeB · commandC · handC · tieB · smileD · chainE · beguileD · strainE
  6. 6 AABCCBDEDE wingA · bringA · ageB · sawC · aweC · pageB · knowsD · exploredE · woesD · restoredE
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Thou silent power, whose welcome sway9·/˘/˘·/˘·
Charms every anxious thought away;9·/˘˘/˘·˘/
In whose divine oblivion drown'd,9··˘/˘/˘˘·
Sore pain and weary toil grow mild,8···/˘···
Love is with kinder looks beguiled,9···/˘·˘/˘
And grief forgets her fondly cherish'd wound;10··˘/·/˘/˘·
Oh, whither hast thou flown, indulgent god?10·/˘···˘/˘·
God of kind shadows and of healing dews,10···/···/˘·
Whom dost thou touch with thy Lethaean rod?9·········
Around whose temples now thy opiate airs diffuse?12···/˘··/˘·˘/
Lo, Midnight from her starry reign8·/···/˘·
Looks awful down on earth and main.8·/˘·····
The tuneful birds lie hush'd in sleep,8·/˘·····
With all that crop the verdant food,8·····/˘·
With all that skim the crystal flood,8·····/˘·
Or haunt the caverns of the rocky steep.10···/˘··/˘·
No rushing winds disturb the tufted bowers;11·/˘·˘/·/˘/˘
No wakeful sound the moonlight valley knows,10·/˘··/·/˘·
Save where the brook its liquid murmur pours,10·····/˘/˘·
And lulls the waving scene to more profound repose.12···/˘···˘/˘/
Oh, let not me alone complain,8····˘/˘/
Alone invoke thy power in vain!9˘/˘/·/˘··
Descend, propitious, on my eyes;8˘/˘/˘···
Not from the couch that bears a crown,8········
Not from the courtly statesman's down,8···/˘/˘·
Nor where the miser and his treasure lies:10···/˘··/˘·
Bring not the shapes that break the murderer's rest,10·······/˘·
Nor those the hireling soldier loves to see,10···/˘/˘···
Nor those which haunt the bigot's gloomy breast:10·····/˘/˘·
Far be their guilty nights, and far their dreams from me!12···/˘·······
Nor yet those awful forms present,8···/˘·˘/
For chiefs and heroes only meant:8···/˘/˘·
The figured brass, the choral song,9·/˘˘··/˘·
The rescued people's glad applause,9·/˘˘/˘·˘/
The listening senate, and the laws9·/˘˘/˘···
Fix'd by the counsels of Timoleon's tongue,10···/˘·····
Are scenes too grand for fortune's private ways;10·····/˘/˘·
And though they shine in youth's ingenuous view,10······˘/˘·
The sober gainful arts of modern days10·/˘/˘··/˘·
To such romantic thoughts have bid a long adieu.12··˘/˘·····˘/
I ask not, god of dreams, thy care8········
To banish Love's presentments fair:8·/˘·˘/˘·
Nor rosy cheek nor radiant eye9·/˘··/˘˘·
Can arm him with such strong command8······˘/
That the young sorcerer's fatal hand9···/˘˘/˘·
Should round my soul his pleasing fetters tie.10·····/˘/˘·
Nor yet the courtier's hope, the giving smile10···/˘··/˘·
(A lighter phantom, and a baser chain)10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Did e'er in slumber my proud lyre beguile10···/˘···˘/
To lend the pomp of thrones her ill-according strain.12········˘/˘·
But, Morpheus, on thy balmy wing8·/˘··/˘·
Such honourable visions bring,8·····/˘·
As soothed great Milton's injured age,10··˘·/˘/˘˘·
When in prophetic dreams he saw8··˘/˘···
The race unborn with pious awe8··//·/˘·
Imbibe each virtue from his heavenly page:10˘/·/˘··/˘·
Or such as Mead's benignant fancy knows10····˘/˘/˘·
When health's deep treasures, by his art explored,10···/˘···˘/
Have saved the infant from an orphan's woes,10···/˘··/˘·
Or to the trembling sire his age's hope restored.12···/˘/·/˘·˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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