Virg

Edward Young (1683–1765) · 1742–1745

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 309 lines · from The Poetical Works, Volume II

While others sing the fortune of the great;Empire and arms, and all the pomp of state;With Britain's hero(1) set their souls on fire,And grow immortal as his deeds inspire;I draw a deeper scene: a scene that yieldsA louder trumpet, and more dreadful fields;The world alarm'd, both earth and heaven o'erthrown,And gasping nature's last tremendous groan;Death's ancient sceptre broke, the teeming tomb,The righteous Judge, and man's eternal doom.'Twixt joy and pain I view the bold design,And ask my anxious heart, if it be mine.Whatever great or dreadful has been doneWithin the sight of conscious stars or sun,Is far beneath my daring: I look downOn all the splendours of the British crown.This globe is for my verse a narrow bound;Attend me, all the glorious worlds around!O! all ye angels, howsoe'er disjoin'd,Of every various order, place, and kind,Hear, and assist, a feeble mortal's lays;'Tis your Eternal King I strive to praise.But chiefly thou, great Ruler! Lord of all!Before whose throne archangels prostrate fall;If at thy nod, from discord, and from night,Sprang beauty, and yon sparkling worlds of light,Exalt e'en me; all inward tumults quell;The clouds and darkness of my mind dispel;To my great subject thou my breast inspire,And raise my lab'ring soul with equal fire.Man, bear thy brow aloft, view every graceIn God's great offspring, beauteous nature's face:See spring's gay bloom; see golden autumn's store;See how earth smiles, and hear old ocean roar.Leviathans but heave their cumbrous mail,It makes a tide, and wind-bound navies sail.Here, forests rise, the mountains awful pride;Here, rivers measure climes, and worlds divide;There, valleys fraught with gold's resplendent seeds,Hold kings, and kingdoms' fortunes, in their beds:There, to the skies, aspiring hills ascend,And into distant lands their shades extend.View cities, armies, fleets; of fleets the pride,See Europe's law, in Albion's channel ride.View the whole earth's vast landscape unconfin'd,Or view in Britain all her glories join'd.Then let the firmament thy wonder raise;'Twill raise thy wonder, but transcend thy praise.How far from east to west? the lab'ring eyeCan scarce the distant azure bounds descry:Wide theatre! where tempests play at large,And God's right hand can all its wrath discharge.Mark how those radiant lamps inflame the pole,Call forth the seasons, and the year control:They shine thro' time, with an unalter'd ray:See this grand period rise, and that decay:So vast, this world's a grain; yet myriads grace,With golden pomp, the throng'd ethereal space;So bright, with such a wealth of glory stor'd,'Twere sin in heathens not to have ador'd.How great, how firm, how sacred, all appears!How worthy an immortal round of years!Yet all must drop, as autumn's sickliest grain,And earth and firmament be sought in vain:The tract forgot where constellations shone,Or where the Stuarts fill'd an awful throne:Time shall be slain, all nature be destroy'd,Nor leave an atom in the mighty void.Sooner, or later, in some future date,(A dreadful secret in the book of fate!)This hour, for aught all human wisdom knows,Or when ten thousand harvests more have rose;When scenes are chang'd on this revolving earth,Old empires fall, and give new empires birth;While other Bourbons rule in other lands,And (if man's sin forbids not) other Annes;While the still busy world is treading o'erThe paths they trod five thousand years before,Thoughtless as those who now life's mazes run,Of earth dissolv'd, or an extinguish'd sun;(Ye sublunary worlds, awake, awake!Ye rulers of the nation, hear, and shake!)Thick clouds of darkness shall arise on day;In sudden night all earth's dominions lay;Impetuous winds the scatter'd forests rend;Eternal mountains, like their cedars, bend:The valleys yawn, the troubled ocean roar,And break the bondage of his wonted shore;A sanguine stain the silver moon o'erspread;Darkness the circle of the sun invade;From inmost heaven incessant thunders roll,And the strong echo bound from pole to pole.When, lo, a mighty trump, one half conceal'dIn clouds, one half to mortal eye reveal'd,Shall pour a dreadful note; the piercing callShall rattle in the centre of the ball;Th' extended circuit of creation shake,The living die with fear, the dead awake.Oh powerful blast! to which no equal soundDid e'er the frighted ear of nature wound,Tho' rival clarions have been strain'd on high,And kindled wars immortal thro' the sky,Tho' God's whole enginery discharg'd, and allThe rebel angels bellow'd in their fall.Have angels sinn'd? and shall not man beware?How shall a son of earth decline the snare?Not folded arms, and slackness of the mind,Can promise for the safety of mankind:None are supinely good: thro' care and painAnd various arts, the steep ascent we gain.This is the scene of combat, not of rest,Man's is laborious happiness at best;On this side death his dangers never cease,His joys are joys of conquest, not of peace.If then, obsequious to the will of fate,And bending to the terms of human state,When guilty joys invite us to their arms,When beauty smiles, or grandeur spreads her charms,The conscious soul would this great scene display,Call down th' immortal hosts in dread array,The trumpet sound, the Christian banner spread,And raise from silent graves the trembling dead;Such deep impression would the picture make,No power on earth her firm resolve could shake;Engag'd with angels she would greatly stand,And look regardless down on sea and land;Not proffer'd worlds her ardour could restrain,And death might shake his threat'ning lance in vain!Her certain conquest would endear the sight,And danger serve but to exalt delight.Instructed thus to shun the fatal spring,Whence flow the terrors of that day I sing;More boldly we our labours may pursue,And all the dreadful image set to view.The sparkling eye, the sleek and painted breast,The burnish'd scale, curl'd train, and rising crest,All that is lovely in the noxious snake,Provokes our fear, and bids us flee the brake:The sting once drawn, his guiltless beauties riseIn pleasing lustre, and detain our eyes;We view with joy, what once did horror move,And strong aversion softens into love.Say then, my muse, whom dismal scenes delight,Frequent at tombs, and in the realms of night;Say, melancholy maid, if bold to dareThe last extremes of terror and despair;Oh say, what change on earth, what heart in man,This blackest moment since the world began.Ah mournful turn! the blissful earth, who lateAt leisure on her axle roll'd in state;While thousand golden planets knew no rest,Still onward in their circling journey prest;A grateful change of seasons some to bring,And sweet vicissitude of fall and spring:Some thro' vast oceans to conduct the keel,And some those watery worlds to sink, or swell:Around her some their splendours to display,And gild her globe with tributary day:This world so great, of joy the bright abode,Heaven's darling child, and fav'rite of her God,Now looks an exile from her father's care,Deliver'd o'er to darkness and despair.No sun in radiant glory shines on high;No light, but from the terrors of the sky:Fall'n are her mountains, her fam'd rivers lost,And all into a second chaos tost:One universal ruin spreads abroad;Nothing is safe beneath the throne of God.Such, earth, thy fate: what then canst thou affordTo comfort and support thy guilty lord?Man, haughty lord of all beneath the moon,How must he bend his soul's ambition downProstrate, the reptile own, and disavowHis boasted stature, and assuming brow?Claim kindred with the clay, and curse his form,That speaks distinction from his sister worm?What dreadful pangs the trembling heart invade?Lord, why dost thou forsake whom thou hast made?Who can sustain thy anger? who can standBeneath the terrors of thy lifted hand?It flies the reach of thought; oh, save me, PowerOf powers supreme, in that tremendous hour!Thou who beneath the frown of fate hast stood,And in thy dreadful agony sweat blood;Thou, who for me, thro' every throbbing vein,Hast felt the keenest edge of mortal pain;Whom death led captive thro' the realms below,And taught those horrid mysteries of woe;Defend me, O my God! Oh, save me, PowerOf powers supreme, in that tremendous hour!From east to west they fly, from pole to line,Imploring shelter from the wrath divine;Beg flames to wrap, or whelming seas to sweep,Or rocks to yawn, compassionately deep;Seas cast the monster forth to meet his doom,And rocks but prison up for wrath to come.So fares a traitor to an earthly crown;While death sits threat'ning in his prince's frownHis heart's dismay'd; and now his fears command,To change his native for a distant land:Swift orders fly, the king's severe decreeStands in the channel, and locks up the sea;The port he seeks, obedient to her lord,Hurls back the rebel to his lifted sword.But why this idle toil to paint that day?This time elaborately thrown away?Words all in vain pant after the distress,The height of eloquence would make it less;Heavens! how the good man trembles!--And is there a last day? and must there comeA sure, a fix'd, inexorable doom?Ambition swell, and, thy proud sails to show,Take all the winds that vanity can blow;Wealth on a golden mountain blazing stand,And reach an India forth in either hand;Spread all thy purple clusters, tempting vine,And thou, more dreaded foe, bright beauty, shine;Shine all; in all your charms together rise;That all, in all your charms, I may despise;While I mount upward on a strong desire,Borne, like Elijah, in a car of fire.In hopes of glory to be quite involv'd!To smile at death! to long to be dissolv'd!From our decays a pleasure to receive!And kindle into transport at a grave!What equals this? And shall the victor nowBoast the proud laurels on his loaded brow?Religion! Oh, thou cherub, heavenly bright!Oh, joys unmix'd, and fathomless delight!Thou, thou art all; nor find I in the wholeCreation aught, but God and my own soul.For ever, then, my soul, thy God adore,Nor let the brute creation praise him more.Shall things inanimate my conduct blame,And flush my conscious cheek with spreading shame?They all for him pursue, or quit, their endThe mountain flames their burning power suspend;In solid heaps th' unfrozen billows stand,To rest and silence aw'd by his command:Nay, the dire monsters that infest the flood,By nature dreadful, and athirst for blood,His will can calm, their savage tempers bind,And turn to mild protectors of mankind.Did not the prophet this great truth maintainIn the deep chambers of the gloomy main;When darkness round him all her horrors spread,And the loud ocean bellow'd o'er his head?When now the thunder roars, the lightning flies,And all the warring winds tumultuous rise;When now the foaming surges, tost on high,Disclose the sands beneath, and touch the sky;When death draws near, the mariners aghast,Look back with terror on their actions past;Their courage sickens into deep dismay,Their hearts, thro' fear and anguish, melt away;Nor tears, nor prayers, the tempest can appease;Now they devote their treasure to the seas;Unload their shatter'd barque, tho' richly fraught,And think the hopes of life are cheaply boughtWith gems and gold; but oh, the storm so high!Nor gems nor gold the hopes of life can buy.The trembling prophet then, themselves to save,They headlong plunge into the briny wave;Down he descends, and, booming o'er his head,The billows close; he's number'd with the dead.(Hear, O ye just! attend, ye virtuous few!And the bright paths of piety pursue)Lo! the great Ruler of the world, from high,Looks smiling down with a propitious eye,Covers his servant with his gracious hand,And bids tempestuous nature silent stand;Commands the peaceful waters to give place,Or kindly fold him in a soft embrace:He bridles in the monsters of the deep:The bridled monsters awful distance keep:Forget their hunger, while they view their prey;And guiltless gaze, and round the stranger play.But still arise new wonders; nature's LordSends forth into the deep his powerful word,And calls the great leviathan: the greatLeviathan attends in all his state;Exults for joy, and, with a mighty bound,Makes the sea shake, and heaven and earth resound;Blackens the waters with the rising sand.And drives vast billows to the distant land.As yawns an earthquake, when imprison'd airStruggles for vent, and lays the centre bare,The whale expands his jaws' enormous size;The prophet views the cavern with surprise;Measures his monstrous teeth, afar descried,And rolls his wond'ring eyes from side to side:Then takes possession of the spacious seat,And sails secure within the dark retreat.Now is he pleas'd the northern blast to hear,And hangs on liquid mountains, void of fear;Or falls immers'd into the depths below,Where the dead silent waters never flow;To the foundation of the hills convey'd,Dwells in the shelving mountain's dreadful shade:Where plummet never reach'd, he draws his breath,And glides serenely thro' the paths of death.Two wondrous days and nights thro' coral groves,Thro' labyrinths of rocks and sands, he roves:When the third morning with its level raysThe mountains gilds, and on the billows plays,It sees the king of waters rise and pourHis sacred guest uninjur'd on the shore:A type of that great blessing, which the museIn her next labour ardently pursues.

Words in this poem 63
dreadful a.
Full of dread or terror; fearful.
tremendous a.
Fitted to excite fear or terror; such as may astonish or terrify by its magnitude, force, or violence; terrible; dreadful; as, a tremendous wind; a tremendous shower; a tremendous shock or fall. [L. tremendus that is to be trembled at, fearful, fr. tremere to tremble. See Tremble.]
sceptre n.
A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a ceremonial badge or emblem of authority; a royal mace. [F. sceptre, L. sceptrum, from Gr. shaft. See Shaft, and cf. Scape a stem, shaft.]
broke v. i.
To transact business for another. Brome. [See Broker, and cf. Brook.]
teeming a.
Prolific; productive.
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
quell v. t.
To take the life of; to kill. [OE. quellen to kill, AS. cwellan, causative of cwelan to die; akin to OHG. quellen to torment, Icel. kvelja. See Quail to cower.]
dispel v. t.
To drive away by scattering, or so to cause to vanish; to clear away; to banish; to dissipate; as, to dispel a cloud, vapors, cares, doubts, illusions. [L. dispellere; dis- + pellere to push, drive. See Pulse a beating.]
beauteous a.
Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome. [Mostly poetic] -- Beau"te*ous*ly, adv. --
cumbrous a.
Rendering action or motion difficult or toilsome; serving to obstruct or hinder; burdensome; clogging.
fraught n.
A freight; a cargo. [OE.fraight, fraght; akin to Dan. fragt, Sw. frakt, D. vracht, G. fracht, cf. OHG. fr merit, reward; perh. from corresponding to E. for + The root of E. own. Cf.]
aspiring a.
That aspires; as, an Aspiring mind.
firmament n.
Fixed foundation; established basis. [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf. F. firmament. See Firm, v. & a.]
transcend v. i.
To climb; to mount.
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
descry
, Discovery or view, as of an army seen at a distance.
theatre n.
An edifice in which dramatic performances or spectacles are exhibited for the amusement of spectators; anciently uncovered, except the stage, but in modern times roofed. [F. thé\'83tre, L. theatrum, Gr. dhya to meditate, think. Cf. Theory.]
wealth n.
Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
sublunary n.
Any worldly thing.
wonted a.
Accustomed; customary; usual.
inmost a.
Deepest within; farthest from the surface or external part; innermost. [OE. innemest, AS. innemest, a double superlative form fr. inne within, fr. in in. The modern form is due to confusion with most. See In, and cf. Aftermost, Fore]
centre v. i.
To be placed in a center; to be central.
enginery n.
The act or art of managing engines, or artillery.
rebel a.
Pertaining to rebels or rebellion; acting in revolt; rebellious; as, rebel troops. [F. rebelle, fr. L. rebellis. See Rebel, v. t.]
beware v. t.
To avoid; to take care of; to have a care for.
slackness n.
The quality or state of being slack.
obsequious a.
Promptly obedient, or submissive, to the will of another; compliant; yielding to the desires of another; devoted. [L.obsequiosus, fr. obsequium compliance, fr. obsequi, fr. obsequi: cf. F. obséquieux, See Obsequent, and cf. Obsequy.]
ardour n.
Heat, in a literal sense; as, the ardor of the sun's rays. [L. ardor, fr. ardere to burn: cf. OF. ardor, ardur, F. ardeur.]
endear v. t.
To make dear or beloved.
boldly adv.
In a bold manner. [AS. bealdlice.]
guiltless a.
Free from guilt; innocent.
lustre n.
A period of five years; a lustrum. [L. lustrum: cf. F. lustre.]
aversion n.
A turning away. [L. aversio: cf. F. aversion. See Avert.]
dismal a.
Fatal; ill-omened; unlucky. [Formerly a noun; e. g., "I trow it was in the dismalle." Chaucer. Of uncertain origin; but perh. (as suggested by Skeat) from OF. disme, F. dîme, tithe, the phr]
blissful a.
Full of, characterized by, or causing, joy and felicity; happy in the highest degree.
prest a.
Ready; prompt; prepared. [OF. prest, F. prêt, fr. L. praestus ready. Cf. Presto.]
vicissitude n.
Regular change or succession from one thing to another; alternation; mutual succession; interchange. [L. vicissitudo, fr. vicis change, turn: cf. F. vicissitude. See Vicarious.]
abode n.
Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]
chaos n.
An empty, immeasurable space; a yawning chasm. [L. chaos chaos (in senses 1 & 2), Gr. Chasm.]
haughty a.
High; lofty; bold. [OE. hautein, F. hautain, fr. haut high, OF. also halt, fr. L. altus. See Altitude.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
horrid a.
Rough; rugged; bristling. [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.]
imploring a.
That implores; beseeching; entreating.
compassionately adv.
In a compassionate manner; mercifully. Clarendon.
pant v. i.
To breathe quickly or in a labored manner, as after exertion or from eagerness or excitement; to respire with heaving of the breast; to gasp. [Cf. F. panteler to gasp for breath, OF. panteisier to be breathless, F. pantois out of breath; perh. akin to E. phantom, the verb prob. orig. meaning, to have t]
despise v. t.
To look down upon with disfavor or contempt; to contemn; to scorn; to disdain; to have a low opinion or contemptuous dislike of. [OF. despis-, in some forms of despire to despise, fr. L. despicere, despectum, to look down upon, despise; de- + spicere, specere, to look. See Spy, and cf. Des]
cherub n.
A mysterious composite being, the winged footstool and chariot of the Almighty, described in Ezekiel i. and x. [Heb. kerub.]
fathomless a.
Incapable of being fathomed; immeasurable; that can not be sounded.
adore v. t.
To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French pr]
dire a.
Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
athirst a.
Wanting drink; thirsty. [OE. ofthurst, AS. ofpyrsted, p. p. of ofpyrstan; pref. of-, intensive + pyrstan to thirst. See Thirst.]
barque n.
Formerly, any small sailing vessel, as a pinnace, fishing smack, etc.; also, a rowing boat; a barge. Now applied poetically to a sailing vessel or boat of any kind. [F. barque, fr. Sp. or It. barca, fr. LL. barca for barica. See Barge.]
cheaply adv.
At a small price; at a low value; in a common or inferior manner.
briny a.
Of or pertaining to brine, or to the sea; partaking of the nature of brine; salt; as, a briny taste; the briny flood. [From Brine.]
virtuous a.
Possessing or exhibiting virtue. Specifically: -- (a) Exhibiting manly courage and strength; valorous; valiant; brave. [OE. vertuous, OF. vertuos, vertuous, F. vertueux, fr. L. Virtuous. See Virtue, and cf. Virtuoso.]
leviathan n.
An aquatic animal, described in the book of Job, ch. xli., and mentioned on other passages of Scripture. [Heb. livyathan.]
afar adv.
At, to, or from a great distance; far away; -- often used with from preceding, or off following; as, he was seen from afar; I saw him afar off. [Pref. a-.(for on or of) + far.]
shelving a.
Sloping gradually; inclining; as, a shelving shore.
plummet n.
A piece of lead attached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water. [OE. plommet, OF. plommet, fr. plom, plum, lead, F. plomb. See Plumb.]
serenely adv.
In a serene manner; clearly.
wondrous adv.
In a wonderful or surprising manner or degree; wonderfully. [OE. wonders, adv. (later also adj.). See Wonder, n., and cf. -wards.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Virg is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of Edward Young, Volume 2, Project Gutenberg ebook #18827; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Edward Young, Virg, in The Poetical Works, Volume II (1742–1745), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #18827, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/young-night-thoughts/virg.html, id L09455.

Form and metre

Virg is 309 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 59% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.0 syllables. 9 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 11% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AA--BBCCDDEEFFGGHHHHIIJJKKLL--MMNNOOPP--QQRR--SSTTUUVVWWXXYYZZaabbccddeeff----gghhiijjkk--llmmnnooppqqrrssttuuvvwwxxyyzzAABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQ--RR--SSTTUU--VV--WW--XXYYZZaabbccddeeff--gghhiijjkkll---mmnnooppqqrr--ssttuuvvwwxxyyzzAABBCCDDEEFFGGHH--IIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQ--RRSSTTUUVVWWXXYYZZaabbccddeeff greatA · stateA · fire · inspire · yieldsB · fieldsB · o'erthrownC · groanC · tombD · doomD · designE · mineE · doneF · sunF · downG · crownG · boundH · aroundH · disjoin'dH · kindH · laysI · praiseI · allJ · fallJ · nightK · lightK · quellL · dispelL · inspire · fire · graceM · faceM · storeN · roarN · mailO · sailO · prideP · divideP · seeds · beds · ascendQ · extendQ · prideR · rideR · unconfin'd · join'd · raiseS · praiseS · eyeT · descryT · largeU · dischargeU · poleV · controlV · rayW · decayW · graceX · spaceX · stor'dY · ador'dY · appearsZ · yearsZ · graina · vaina · shoneb · throneb · destroy'dc · voidc · dated · fated · knowse · rosee · earthf · birthf · lands · annes · o'er · before · rung · sung · awakeh · shakeh · dayi · layi · rendj · bendj · roark · shorek · o'erspread · invade · rolll · polel · conceal'dm · reveal'dm · calln · balln · shakeo · awakeo · soundp · woundp · highq · skyq · allr · fallr · bewares · snares · mindt · mankindt · painu · gainu · restv · bestv · ceasew · peacew · fatex · statex · armsy · charmsy · displayz · arrayz · spreadA · deadA · makeB · shakeB · standC · landC · restrainD · vainD · sightE · delightE · springF · singF · pursueG · viewG · breastH · crestH · snakeI · brakeI · riseJ · eyesJ · moveK · loveK · delightL · nightL · dareM · despairM · manN · beganN · lateO · stateO · restP · prestP · bringQ · springQ · keel · swell · displayR · dayR · abode · god · careS · despairS · highT · skyT · lostU · tostU · abroad · god · affordV · lordV · moon · down · disavowW · browW · form · worm · invadeX · madeX · standY · handY · powerZ · hourZ · stooda · blooda · veinb · painb · belowc · woec · powerd · hourd · linee · divinee · sweepf · deepf · doom · come · crowng · frowng · commandh · landh · decreei · seai · lordj · swordj · dayk · awayk · distressl · lessl · trembles · come · doom · showm · blowm · standn · handn · vineo · shineo · risep · despisep · desireq · fireq · involv'dr · dissolv'dr · receive · grave · nows · brows · brightt · delightt · wholeu · soulu · adorev · morev · blamew · shamew · endx · suspendx · standy · commandy · floodz · bloodz · bindA · mankindA · maintainB · mainB · spreadC · headC · fliesD · riseD · highE · skyE · aghastF · pastF · dismayG · awayG · appeaseH · seasH · fraught · bought · highI · buyI · saveJ · waveJ · headK · deadK · fewL · pursueL · highM · eyeM · handN · standN · placeO · embraceO · deepP · keepP · preyQ · playQ · lord · word · greatR · stateR · boundS · resoundS · sandT · landT · airU · bareU · sizeV · surpriseV · descriedW · sideW · seatX · retreatX · hearY · fearY · belowZ · flowZ · convey'da · shadea · breathb · deathb · grovesc · rovesc · raysd · playsd · poure · shoree · musef · pursuesf
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
While others sing the fortune of the great;10·/˘··/˘···
Empire and arms, and all the pomp of state;10/˘········
With Britain's hero(1) set their souls on fire,11·/˘/˘····/˘
And grow immortal as his deeds inspire;10··˘/˘···˘/
I draw a deeper scene: a scene that yields10···/˘·····
A louder trumpet, and more dreadful fields;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
The world alarm'd, both earth and heaven o'erthrown,10··˘/···/··
And gasping nature's last tremendous groan;10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
Death's ancient sceptre broke, the teeming tomb,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
The righteous Judge, and man's eternal doom.10·/˘···˘/˘·
'Twixt joy and pain I view the bold design,10········˘/
And ask my anxious heart, if it be mine.10···/˘·····
Whatever great or dreadful has been done10·/˘··/˘···
Within the sight of conscious stars or sun,10·····/˘···
Is far beneath my daring: I look down10·····/˘···
On all the splendours of the British crown.10···/˘··/˘·
This globe is for my verse a narrow bound;10·······/˘·
Attend me, all the glorious worlds around!10˘/···/˘···
O! all ye angels, howsoe'er disjoin'd,9···/˘····
Of every various order, place, and kind,10·/˘/˘/˘···
Hear, and assist, a feeble mortal's lays;10··˘/·/˘/˘·
'Tis your Eternal King I strive to praise.10··˘/˘·····
But chiefly thou, great Ruler! Lord of all!10·/˘··/˘···
Before whose throne archangels prostrate fall;10·····/˘/˘·
If at thy nod, from discord, and from night,10·····/˘···
Sprang beauty, and yon sparkling worlds of light,10·/˘··/˘···
Exalt e'en me; all inward tumults quell;10˘/···/˘/˘·
The clouds and darkness of my mind dispel;10···/˘···˘/
To my great subject thou my breast inspire,10···/˘···˘/
And raise my lab'ring soul with equal fire.11·······/˘/˘
Man, bear thy brow aloft, view every grace10····˘/·/˘·
In God's great offspring, beauteous nature's face:11···/·/˘˘/˘·
See spring's gay bloom; see golden autumn's store;10·····/˘/˘·
See how earth smiles, and hear old ocean roar.10·······/˘·
Leviathans but heave their cumbrous mail,10˘/˘˘···/˘·
It makes a tide, and wind-bound navies sail.10·······/˘·
Here, forests rise, the mountains awful pride;10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Here, rivers measure climes, and worlds divide;10·/˘/˘···˘/
There, valleys fraught with gold's resplendent seeds,10·/˘···˘/˘·
Hold kings, and kingdoms' fortunes, in their beds:10···/˘/˘···
There, to the skies, aspiring hills ascend,10····˘/˘·˘/
And into distant lands their shades extend.10···/˘···˘/
View cities, armies, fleets; of fleets the pride,10·/˘/˘·····
See Europe's law, in Albion's channel ride.10·/˘··/˘/˘·
View the whole earth's vast landscape unconfin'd,10·····/··˘/
Or view in Britain all her glories join'd.10···/˘··/˘·
Then let the firmament thy wonder raise;10···/˘˘·/˘·
'Twill raise thy wonder, but transcend thy praise.10···/˘·˘/··
How far from east to west? the lab'ring eye10··········
Can scarce the distant azure bounds descry:10···/˘/˘·˘/
Wide theatre! where tempests play at large,10·/˘˘·/˘···
And God's right hand can all its wrath discharge.10········˘/
Mark how those radiant lamps inflame the pole,10···/˘·˘/··
Call forth the seasons, and the year control:10···/˘···˘/
They shine thro' time, with an unalter'd ray:10······˘/˘·
See this grand period rise, and that decay:10···/˘···˘/
So vast, this world's a grain; yet myriads grace,10·······/˘·
With golden pomp, the throng'd ethereal space;10·/˘···˘/˘·
So bright, with such a wealth of glory stor'd,10·······/˘·
'Twere sin in heathens not to have ador'd.10···/˘···˘/
How great, how firm, how sacred, all appears!10·····/˘·˘/
How worthy an immortal round of years!10·/˘·˘/˘···
Yet all must drop, as autumn's sickliest grain,10·····/˘···
And earth and firmament be sought in vain:10···/˘˘····
The tract forgot where constellations shone,10··˘/··˘/˘·
Or where the Stuarts fill'd an awful throne:10···/˘··/˘·
Time shall be slain, all nature be destroy'd,10·····/˘·˘/
Nor leave an atom in the mighty void.10···/˘··/˘·
Sooner, or later, in some future date,10/˘·/˘··/˘·
(A dreadful secret in the book of fate!)10·/˘/˘·····
This hour, for aught all human wisdom knows,10·/···/˘/˘·
Or when ten thousand harvests more have rose;10···/˘/˘···
When scenes are chang'd on this revolving earth,10······˘/˘·
Old empires fall, and give new empires birth;10·/˘····/˘·
While other Bourbons rule in other lands,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
And (if man's sin forbids not) other Annes;10····˘/·/˘·
While the still busy world is treading o'er10···/˘··/˘·
The paths they trod five thousand years before,10·····/˘···
Thoughtless as those who now life's mazes run,10/˘·····/˘·
Of earth dissolv'd, or an extinguish'd sun;10··˘/··˘/˘·
(Ye sublunary worlds, awake, awake!10·/˘˘˘·˘/˘/
Ye rulers of the nation, hear, and shake!)10·/˘··/˘···
Thick clouds of darkness shall arise on day;10···/˘·˘/··
In sudden night all earth's dominions lay;10·/˘···˘/˘·
Impetuous winds the scatter'd forests rend;10˘/˘··/˘/˘·
Eternal mountains, like their cedars, bend:10˘/˘/˘··/˘·
The valleys yawn, the troubled ocean roar,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
And break the bondage of his wonted shore;10···/˘··/˘·
A sanguine stain the silver moon o'erspread;10·/˘··/˘···
Darkness the circle of the sun invade;10/˘·/˘···˘/
From inmost heaven incessant thunders roll,10·/˘/˘/˘/˘·
And the strong echo bound from pole to pole.10···/˘·····
When, lo, a mighty trump, one half conceal'd10···/˘···˘/
In clouds, one half to mortal eye reveal'd,10·····/˘·˘/
Shall pour a dreadful note; the piercing call10···/˘··/˘·
Shall rattle in the centre of the ball;10·/˘··/˘···
Th' extended circuit of creation shake,10˘/˘/˘·˘/˘·
The living die with fear, the dead awake.10·/˘·····˘/
Oh powerful blast! to which no equal sound10·/˘····/˘·
Did e'er the frighted ear of nature wound,10···/˘··/˘·
Tho' rival clarions have been strain'd on high,10·/˘/˘·····
And kindled wars immortal thro' the sky,10·/˘·˘/˘···
Tho' God's whole enginery discharg'd, and all10···/˘˘˘/··
The rebel angels bellow'd in their fall.10·/˘/˘/˘···
Have angels sinn'd? and shall not man beware?10·/˘·····˘/
How shall a son of earth decline the snare?10······˘/··
Not folded arms, and slackness of the mind,10·/˘··/˘···
Can promise for the safety of mankind:10·/˘··/˘·//
None are supinely good: thro' care and pain11···········
And various arts, the steep ascent we gain.10·/˘···˘/··
This is the scene of combat, not of rest,10·····/˘···
Man's is laborious happiness at best;10··˘/˘/˘˘··
On this side death his dangers never cease,10·····/˘/˘·
His joys are joys of conquest, not of peace.10·····/˘···
If then, obsequious to the will of fate,10··˘/˘·····
And bending to the terms of human state,10·/˘····/˘·
When guilty joys invite us to their arms,10·/˘·˘/····
When beauty smiles, or grandeur spreads her charms,10·/˘··˘/···
The conscious soul would this great scene display,10·/˘·····˘/
Call down th' immortal hosts in dread array,10··˘/˘···˘/
The trumpet sound, the Christian banner spread,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
And raise from silent graves the trembling dead;10···/˘··/˘·
Such deep impression would the picture make,10··˘/˘··/˘·
No power on earth her firm resolve could shake;10·/····˘/··
Engag'd with angels she would greatly stand,10˘/·/˘··/˘·
And look regardless down on sea and land;10··˘/˘·····
Not proffer'd worlds her ardour could restrain,10·/˘··/˘·˘/
And death might shake his threat'ning lance in vain!10··········
Her certain conquest would endear the sight,10·/˘/˘·˘/··
And danger serve but to exalt delight.10·/˘···˘/˘/
Instructed thus to shun the fatal spring,10˘/˘····/˘·
Whence flow the terrors of that day I sing;10···/˘·····
More boldly we our labours may pursue,10·/˘·//˘·˘/
And all the dreadful image set to view.10···/˘/˘···
The sparkling eye, the sleek and painted breast,10·/˘····/˘·
The burnish'd scale, curl'd train, and rising crest,10·/˘····/˘·
All that is lovely in the noxious snake,10···/˘··/˘·
Provokes our fear, and bids us flee the brake:10˘//·······
The sting once drawn, his guiltless beauties rise10·····/˘/˘·
In pleasing lustre, and detain our eyes;10·/˘/˘·˘//·
We view with joy, what once did horror move,10·······/˘·
And strong aversion softens into love.10··˘/˘/˘···
Say then, my muse, whom dismal scenes delight,10·····/˘·˘/
Frequent at tombs, and in the realms of night;10/˘········
Say, melancholy maid, if bold to dare10·/˘·˘·····
The last extremes of terror and despair;10··˘/·/˘·˘/
Oh say, what change on earth, what heart in man,10··········
This blackest moment since the world began.10·/˘/˘···˘/
Ah mournful turn! the blissful earth, who late10·/˘··/˘···
At leisure on her axle roll'd in state;10·/˘··/˘···
While thousand golden planets knew no rest,10·/˘/˘/˘···
Still onward in their circling journey prest;10·/˘··/˘/˘·
A grateful change of seasons some to bring,10·/˘··/˘···
And sweet vicissitude of fall and spring:10···/˘˘····
Some thro' vast oceans to conduct the keel,10···/˘·˘/··
And some those watery worlds to sink, or swell:10···/˘·····
Around her some their splendours to display,10·····/˘·˘/
And gild her globe with tributary day:10·····/˘·˘·
This world so great, of joy the bright abode,10········˘/
Heaven's darling child, and fav'rite of her God,11/˘/˘·······
Now looks an exile from her father's care,10···/···/˘·
Deliver'd o'er to darkness and despair.10˘/˘··/˘·˘/
No sun in radiant glory shines on high;10···/˘/˘···
No light, but from the terrors of the sky:10·····/˘···
Fall'n are her mountains, her fam'd rivers lost,10···/˘··/˘·
And all into a second chaos tost:10·····/˘/˘·
One universal ruin spreads abroad;10··˘/˘/˘·˘/
Nothing is safe beneath the throne of God.10/˘········
Such, earth, thy fate: what then canst thou afford10········˘/
To comfort and support thy guilty lord?10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
Man, haughty lord of all beneath the moon,10·/˘·······
How must he bend his soul's ambition down10······˘/˘·
Prostrate, the reptile own, and disavow10/˘·/˘···˘/
His boasted stature, and assuming brow?10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
Claim kindred with the clay, and curse his form,10·/˘·······
That speaks distinction from his sister worm?10··˘/˘··/˘·
What dreadful pangs the trembling heart invade?10·/˘··/˘·˘/
Lord, why dost thou forsake whom thou hast made?10····˘/····
Who can sustain thy anger? who can stand10··˘/·/˘···
Beneath the terrors of thy lifted hand?10···/˘··/˘·
It flies the reach of thought; oh, save me, Power11·········/˘
Of powers supreme, in that tremendous hour!11·/˘/··˘/˘/˘
Thou who beneath the frown of fate hast stood,10··········
And in thy dreadful agony sweat blood;10···/˘/˘˘··
Thou, who for me, thro' every throbbing vein,10·····/˘/˘·
Hast felt the keenest edge of mortal pain;10···/˘··/˘·
Whom death led captive thro' the realms below,10···/˘·····
And taught those horrid mysteries of woe;10···/˘/˘˘··
Defend me, O my God! Oh, save me, Power11˘/·······/˘
Of powers supreme, in that tremendous hour!11·/˘/··˘/˘/˘
From east to west they fly, from pole to line,10··········
Imploring shelter from the wrath divine;10˘/˘/˘···˘/
Beg flames to wrap, or whelming seas to sweep,10··········
Or rocks to yawn, compassionately deep;10····˘/˘˘˘·
Seas cast the monster forth to meet his doom,10···/˘·····
And rocks but prison up for wrath to come.10···/˘·····
So fares a traitor to an earthly crown;10···/˘··/˘·
While death sits threat'ning in his prince's frown10·······/˘·
His heart's dismay'd; and now his fears command,10··˘/····˘/
To change his native for a distant land:10···/˘··/˘·
Swift orders fly, the king's severe decree10·/˘···˘/˘/
Stands in the channel, and locks up the sea;10···/˘·····
The port he seeks, obedient to her lord,10····˘/˘···
Hurls back the rebel to his lifted sword.10···/˘··/˘·
But why this idle toil to paint that day?10···/˘·····
This time elaborately thrown away?9··˘/˘˘·˘/
Words all in vain pant after the distress,10········˘/
The height of eloquence would make it less;10···/˘˘····
Heavens! how the good man trembles!--8/˘····/˘
And is there a last day? and must there come10··········
A sure, a fix'd, inexorable doom?10·····/˘˘˘·
Ambition swell, and, thy proud sails to show,10˘/˘·······
Take all the winds that vanity can blow;10·····/˘˘··
Wealth on a golden mountain blazing stand,10···/˘/˘/˘·
And reach an India forth in either hand;10···/˘··/˘·
Spread all thy purple clusters, tempting vine,10···/˘/˘/˘·
And thou, more dreaded foe, bright beauty, shine;10···/˘··/˘·
Shine all; in all your charms together rise;10······˘/˘·
That all, in all your charms, I may despise;10········˘/
While I mount upward on a strong desire,11···/˘···˘/˘
Borne, like Elijah, in a car of fire.11··˘/˘····/˘
In hopes of glory to be quite involv'd!10···/˘···˘/
To smile at death! to long to be dissolv'd!10········˘/
From our decays a pleasure to receive!10·/˘/·/˘·˘/
And kindle into transport at a grave!10·/˘··/˘···
What equals this? And shall the victor now10·/˘····/˘·
Boast the proud laurels on his loaded brow?10···/˘··/˘·
Religion! Oh, thou cherub, heavenly bright!10˘/˘··/˘/˘·
Oh, joys unmix'd, and fathomless delight!10··˘/·/˘˘˘/
Thou, thou art all; nor find I in the whole10··········
Creation aught, but God and my own soul.10˘/˘·······
For ever, then, my soul, thy God adore,10·/˘·····˘/
Nor let the brute creation praise him more.10····˘/˘···
Shall things inanimate my conduct blame,10··˘/˘˘·/˘·
And flush my conscious cheek with spreading shame?10···/˘··/˘·
They all for him pursue, or quit, their end10····˘/····
The mountain flames their burning power suspend;10·/˘··/˘/˘/
In solid heaps th' unfrozen billows stand,10·/˘·˘/˘/˘·
To rest and silence aw'd by his command:10···/˘···˘/
Nay, the dire monsters that infest the flood,10···/˘·˘/··
By nature dreadful, and athirst for blood,10·/˘/˘·˘/··
His will can calm, their savage tempers bind,10·····/˘/˘·
And turn to mild protectors of mankind.10····˘/˘·//
Did not the prophet this great truth maintain10···/˘···˘/
In the deep chambers of the gloomy main;10···/˘··/˘·
When darkness round him all her horrors spread,10·/˘····/˘·
And the loud ocean bellow'd o'er his head?10···/˘/˘···
When now the thunder roars, the lightning flies,10···/˘··/˘·
And all the warring winds tumultuous rise;10···/˘··/˘·
When now the foaming surges, tost on high,10···/˘/˘···
Disclose the sands beneath, and touch the sky;10˘/········
When death draws near, the mariners aghast,10·····/˘˘˘/
Look back with terror on their actions past;10···/˘··/˘·
Their courage sickens into deep dismay,10·/˘/˘···˘/
Their hearts, thro' fear and anguish, melt away;10·····/˘·˘/
Nor tears, nor prayers, the tempest can appease;10·····/˘·˘/
Now they devote their treasure to the seas;10··˘/·/˘···
Unload their shatter'd barque, tho' richly fraught,10˘/·/˘··/˘·
And think the hopes of life are cheaply bought10·······/˘·
With gems and gold; but oh, the storm so high!10··········
Nor gems nor gold the hopes of life can buy.10··········
The trembling prophet then, themselves to save,10·/˘/˘·˘/··
They headlong plunge into the briny wave;10·/·····/˘·
Down he descends, and, booming o'er his head,10··˘/·/˘···
The billows close; he's number'd with the dead.10·/˘··/˘···
(Hear, O ye just! attend, ye virtuous few!10····˘/·/˘·
And the bright paths of piety pursue)10·····/˘˘˘/
Lo! the great Ruler of the world, from high,10···/˘·····
Looks smiling down with a propitious eye,10·/˘···˘/˘·
Covers his servant with his gracious hand,10/˘·/˘··/˘·
And bids tempestuous nature silent stand;10···/˘/˘/˘·
Commands the peaceful waters to give place,10˘/·/˘/˘···
Or kindly fold him in a soft embrace:10·/˘·····˘/
He bridles in the monsters of the deep:10·/˘··/˘···
The bridled monsters awful distance keep:10·/˘/˘/˘/˘·
Forget their hunger, while they view their prey;10˘/·/˘·····
And guiltless gaze, and round the stranger play.10·/˘····/˘·
But still arise new wonders; nature's Lord10··˘/·/˘/˘·
Sends forth into the deep his powerful word,10·······/˘·
And calls the great leviathan: the great10····˘/˘˘··
Leviathan attends in all his state;10˘/˘˘˘/····
Exults for joy, and, with a mighty bound,10˘/·····/˘·
Makes the sea shake, and heaven and earth resound;10·····/···/
Blackens the waters with the rising sand.10/˘·/˘··/˘·
And drives vast billows to the distant land.10···/˘··/˘·
As yawns an earthquake, when imprison'd air10···/··˘/˘·
Struggles for vent, and lays the centre bare,10/˘·····/˘·
The whale expands his jaws' enormous size;10··˘/··˘/˘·
The prophet views the cavern with surprise;10·/˘··/˘·˘/
Measures his monstrous teeth, afar descried,9/˘·/˘·˘/·
And rolls his wond'ring eyes from side to side:10··········
Then takes possession of the spacious seat,10··˘/˘··/˘·
And sails secure within the dark retreat.10··˘/····˘/
Now is he pleas'd the northern blast to hear,10·····/˘···
And hangs on liquid mountains, void of fear;10···/˘/˘···
Or falls immers'd into the depths below,10··˘/······
Where the dead silent waters never flow;10···/˘/˘/˘·
To the foundation of the hills convey'd,10··˘/˘···˘/
Dwells in the shelving mountain's dreadful shade:10···/˘/˘/˘·
Where plummet never reach'd, he draws his breath,10·/˘/˘·····
And glides serenely thro' the paths of death.10··˘/˘·····
Two wondrous days and nights thro' coral groves,10·/˘····/˘·
Thro' labyrinths of rocks and sands, he roves:10·/˘·······
When the third morning with its level rays10···/˘··/˘·
The mountains gilds, and on the billows plays,10·/˘····/˘·
It sees the king of waters rise and pour10·····/˘···
His sacred guest uninjur'd on the shore:10·/˘·˘/˘···
A type of that great blessing, which the muse10·····/˘···
In her next labour ardently pursues.10···/˘/˘˘˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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