Postscript

Edward Young (1683–1765) · 1742–1745

common measure · 128 lines · from The Poetical Works, Volume II

Thus have I written, when to writeNo mortal should presume;Or only write, what none can blame,Hic jacet--for his tomb:

The public frowns, and censures loudMy puerile employ;Though just the censure, if you smile,The scandal I enjoy;

But sing no more--no more I singOr reassume the lyre,Unless vouchsaf'd an humble partWhere Raphael leads the choir:

What myriads swell the concert loud!Their golden harps resoundHigh as the footstool of the throne,And deep as hell profound:

Hell (horrid contrast!) chord and songOf raptur'd angels drownsIn self-will's peal of blasphemies,And hideous burst of groans;

But drowns them not to me; I hearHarmonious thunders roll(In language low of men to speak)From echoing pole to pole!

Whilst this grand chorus shakes the skies--"Above, beneath the sun,Through boundless age, by men, by gods,Jehovah's will be done!"

'Tis done in heaven; whence headlong hurl'dSelf-will with Satan fell;And must from earth be banish'd too,Or earth's another hell;

Madam! self-will inflicts your pains:Self-will's the deadly foeWhich deepens all the dismal shades,And points the shafts of woe:

Your debt to nature fully paid,Now virtue claims her due:But virtue's cause I need not plead,'Tis safe; I write to you:

You know, that virtue's basis liesIn ever judging right;And wiping error's clouds away,Which dim the mental sight:

Why mourn the dead? you wrong the grave,From storm that safe resort;We still are tossing out at sea,Our admiral in port.

Was death denied, this world, a sceneHow dismal and forlorn!To death we owe, that 'tis to manA blessing to be born;

When every other blessing fails,Or sapp'd by slow decay,Or, storm'd by sudden blasts of fate,Is swiftly whirl'd away;

How happy! that no storm, or time,Of death can rob the just!None pluck from their unaching headsSoft pillows in the dust!

Well pleas'd to bear heaven's darkest frown,Your utmost power employ;'Tis noble chemistry to turnNecessity to joy.

Whate'er the colour of my fate,My fate shall be my choice:Determin'd am I, whilst I breathe,To praise and to rejoice;

What ample cause! triumphant hope!O rich eternity!I start not at a world in flames,Charm'd with one glimpse of thee:

And thou! its great inhabitant!How glorious dost thou shine!And dart through sorrow, danger, death,A beam of joy divine!

The void of joy (with some concernThe truth severe I tell)Is an impenitent in guilt,A fool or infidel!

Weigh this, ye pupils of Voltaire!From joyless murmur free;Or, let us know, which characterShall crown you of the three.

Resign, resign: this lesson noneToo deeply can instill;A crown has been resign'd by more,Than have resign'd the will;

Though will resign'd the meanest makesSuperior in renown,And richer in celestial eyes,Than he who wears a crown;

Hence, in the bosom cold of age,It kindled a strange aimTo shine in song; and bid me boastThe grandeur of my theme:

But oh! how far presumption fallsIts lofty theme below!Our thoughts in life's December freeze,And numbers cease to flow.

First! greatest! best! grant what I wroteFor others, ne'er may riseTo brand the writer! thou aloneCanst make our wisdom wise;

And how unwise! how deep in guilt!How infamous the fault!"A teacher thron'd in pomp of words,Indeed, beneath the taught!"

Means most infallible to makeThe world an infidel;And, with instructions most divine,To pave a path to hell;

O! for a clean and ardent heart,O! for a soul on fire,Thy praise, begun on earth, to soundWhere angels string the lyre;

How cold is man! to him how hard(Hard, what most easy seems)"To set a just esteem on that,Which yet he--most esteems!"

What shall we say, when boundless blissIs offer'd to mankind,And to that offer when a raceOf rationals is blind?

Of human nature ne'er too highAre our ideas wrought;Of human merit ne'er too lowDepress'd the daring thought.

Words in this poem 16
presume v. t.
To assume or take beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously obtained. [F. présumer, L. praesumere, praesumptum; prae before + sumere to take. See Assume, Redeem.]
scandal n.
Offense caused or experienced; reproach or reprobation called forth by what is regarded as wrong, criminal, heinous, or flagrant: opprobrium or disgrace. [F. scandale, fr. L. scandalum, Gr. scandle, OF. escandle. See Slander.]
reassume v. t.
To assume again or anew; to resume.
footstool n.
A low stool to support the feet of one when sitting.
horrid a.
Rough; rugged; bristling. [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.]
peal v. i.
To appeal. Spencer.
dismal a.
Fatal; ill-omened; unlucky. [Formerly a noun; e. g., "I trow it was in the dismalle." Chaucer. Of uncertain origin; but perh. (as suggested by Skeat) from OF. disme, F. dîme, tithe, the phr]
forlorn a.
Deserted abandoned; lost. [OE., p.p. of forlesen to lose utterly, AS. forleósan (p.p. forloren); pref. for- + leósan (in comp.) to lose; cf. D. verliezen to lose, G. verlieren, Sw. förlor]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
impenitent a.
Not penitent; not repenting of sin; not contrite; of a hard heart. [L. impaenitens; pref. im- not + paenitens penitens: cf. F. impénitent. See Penitent.]
infidel a.
Not holding the faith; -- applied esp. to one who does not believe in the inspiration of the Scriptures, and the supernatural origin of Christianity. [L. infidelis; pref. in- not + fidelis faithful, fr. fides faith: cf. F. infidèle. See Fidelity.]
joyless a.
Not having joy; not causing joy; unenjoyable.
instill v. t.
To drop in; to pour in drop by drop; hence, to impart gradually; to infuse slowly; to cause to be imbibed. [L. instillare, instillatum; pref. in- in + stillare to drop, fr. stilla a drop: cf. F. instiller. See Distill.]
wrote v. i.
To root with the snout. See 1st Root. [OE. wroten. See 1st Root.]
pave n.
The pavement. Nymphe du pavé ([A low euphemism.] [F., from paver to pave. See Pave.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Postscript is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of Edward Young, Volume 2, Project Gutenberg ebook #18827; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Edward Young, Postscript, in The Poetical Works, Volume II (1742–1745), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #18827, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/young-night-thoughts/postscript.html, id L09479.

Form and metre

Postscript is 128 lines in 32 stanzas of 4 lines each. The metre is common measure, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 7.1 syllables. 6 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 26% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in common measure.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-A write · presumeA · blame · tombA
  2. 2 -A-A loud · employA · smile · enjoyA
  3. 4 -A-A loud · resoundA · throne · profoundA
  4. 6 -A-A hear · rollA · speak · poleA
  5. 7 -A-A skies · sunA · gods · doneA
  6. 8 -A-A hurl'd · fellA · too · hellA
  7. 9 -A-A pains · foeA · shades · woeA
  8. 10 -A-A paid · dueA · plead · youA
  9. 11 -A-A lies · rightA · away · sightA
  10. 12 -A-A grave · resortA · sea · portA
  11. 13 -A-A scene · forlornA · man · bornA
  12. 14 -A-A fails · decayA · fate · awayA
  13. 15 -A-A time · justA · heads · dustA
  14. 16 -A-A frown · employA · turn · joyA
  15. 17 -A-A fate · choiceA · breathe · rejoiceA
  16. 19 -A-A inhabitant · shineA · death · divineA
  17. 20 -A-A concern · tellA · guilt · infidelA
  18. 21 -A-A voltaire · freeA · character · threeA
  19. 22 -A-A none · instillA · more · willA
  20. 23 -A-A makes · renownA · eyes · crownA
  21. 25 -A-A falls · belowA · freeze · flowA
  22. 26 -A-A wrote · riseA · alone · wiseA
  23. 28 -A-A make · infidelA · divine · hellA
  24. 29 -A-A heart · fireA · sound · lyreA
  25. 30 -A-A hard · seemsA · that · esteemsA
  26. 31 -A-A bliss · mankindA · race · blindA
  27. 32 -A-A high · wroughtA · low · thoughtA
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against common measure. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Thus have I written, when to write8···/˘···
No mortal should presume;6·/˘·˘/
Or only write, what none can blame,8·/˘·····
Hic jacet--for his tomb:6······
The public frowns, and censures loud8·/˘··/˘·
My puerile employ;5·˘/˘/
Though just the censure, if you smile,8···/˘···
The scandal I enjoy;6·/˘·˘/
But sing no more--no more I sing8········
Or reassume the lyre,6·˘˘/··
Unless vouchsaf'd an humble part8·····/˘·
Where Raphael leads the choir:8·/˘˘··/˘
What myriads swell the concert loud!9·/˘˘··˘/·
Their golden harps resound6·/˘··/
High as the footstool of the throne,8···/˘···
And deep as hell profound:6····˘/
Hell (horrid contrast!) chord and song8·/˘/˘···
Of raptur'd angels drowns6···/˘·
In self-will's peal of blasphemies,8·····/˘˘
And hideous burst of groans;7·/˘˘···
But drowns them not to me; I hear8········
Harmonious thunders roll7˘/˘˘/˘·
(In language low of men to speak)8·/˘·····
From echoing pole to pole!7·/˘˘···
Whilst this grand chorus shakes the skies--8···/˘···
"Above, beneath the sun,6······
Through boundless age, by men, by gods,8·/˘·····
Jehovah's will be done!"6˘/˘···
'Tis done in heaven; whence headlong hurl'd9···/˘·/··
Self-will with Satan fell;6···/˘·
And must from earth be banish'd too,8·····/˘·
Or earth's another hell;6··˘/˘·
Madam! self-will inflicts your pains:8/˘··˘/··
Self-will's the deadly foe6···/˘·
Which deepens all the dismal shades,8·/˘··/˘·
And points the shafts of woe:6······
Your debt to nature fully paid,8···/˘/˘·
Now virtue claims her due:6·/˘···
But virtue's cause I need not plead,8·/˘·····
'Tis safe; I write to you:6······
You know, that virtue's basis lies8···/˘/˘·
In ever judging right;6·/˘/˘·
And wiping error's clouds away,8·/˘/˘·˘/
Which dim the mental sight:6···/˘·
Why mourn the dead? you wrong the grave,8········
From storm that safe resort;6····˘/
We still are tossing out at sea,8···/˘···
Our admiral in port.7/˘/˘˘··
Was death denied, this world, a scene8··˘/····
How dismal and forlorn!6·/˘·˘/
To death we owe, that 'tis to man8········
A blessing to be born;6·/˘···
When every other blessing fails,9·/˘˘/˘/˘·
Or sapp'd by slow decay,6····˘/
Or, storm'd by sudden blasts of fate,8···/˘···
Is swiftly whirl'd away;6·/˘·˘/
How happy! that no storm, or time,8·/˘·····
Of death can rob the just!6······
None pluck from their unaching heads8········
Soft pillows in the dust!6·/˘···
Well pleas'd to bear heaven's darkest frown,9····/˘/˘·
Your utmost power employ;7·/·/˘˘/
'Tis noble chemistry to turn8·/˘/˘˘··
Necessity to joy.6˘/˘˘··
Whate'er the colour of my fate,9˘˘/·/˘···
My fate shall be my choice:6······
Determin'd am I, whilst I breathe,8˘/˘·····
To praise and to rejoice;6····˘/
What ample cause! triumphant hope!8·/˘·˘/˘·
O rich eternity!6··˘/˘˘
I start not at a world in flames,8········
Charm'd with one glimpse of thee:6······
And thou! its great inhabitant!8····˘/˘˘
How glorious dost thou shine!7·/˘˘···
And dart through sorrow, danger, death,8···/˘/˘·
A beam of joy divine!6····˘/
The void of joy (with some concern8······˘/
The truth severe I tell)6··˘/··
Is an impenitent in guilt,8··˘/˘˘··
A fool or infidel!6···/˘·
Weigh this, ye pupils of Voltaire!8···/˘·˘/
From joyless murmur free;6·/˘/˘·
Or, let us know, which character8·····/˘˘
Shall crown you of the three.6······
Resign, resign: this lesson none8˘/˘/·/˘·
Too deeply can instill;6·/˘·˘/
A crown has been resign'd by more,8····˘/··
Than have resign'd the will;6··˘/··
Though will resign'd the meanest makes8··˘/·/˘·
Superior in renown,7˘/˘˘·˘/
And richer in celestial eyes,8·/˘·˘/˘·
Than he who wears a crown;6······
Hence, in the bosom cold of age,8···/˘···
It kindled a strange aim6·/˘···
To shine in song; and bid me boast8········
The grandeur of my theme:6·˘/···
But oh! how far presumption falls8····˘/˘·
Its lofty theme below!6·/˘···
Our thoughts in life's December freeze,9/˘···˘/˘·
And numbers cease to flow.6·/˘···
First! greatest! best! grant what I wrote8·/˘·····
For others, ne'er may rise6·/˘···
To brand the writer! thou alone8···/˘·˘/
Canst make our wisdom wise;7··/˘/˘·
And how unwise! how deep in guilt!8··˘/····
How infamous the fault!6·/˘˘··
"A teacher thron'd in pomp of words,8·/˘·····
Indeed, beneath the taught!"6˘/····
Means most infallible to make8··˘/˘˘··
The world an infidel;6···/˘·
And, with instructions most divine,8··˘/˘·˘/
To pave a path to hell;6······
O! for a clean and ardent heart,8·····/˘·
O! for a soul on fire,7·····/˘
Thy praise, begun on earth, to sound8··˘/····
Where angels string the lyre;6·/˘···
How cold is man! to him how hard8········
(Hard, what most easy seems)6···/˘·
"To set a just esteem on that,8····˘/··
Which yet he--most esteems!"6····˘/
What shall we say, when boundless bliss8·····/˘·
Is offer'd to mankind,6·/˘·//
And to that offer when a race8···/˘···
Of rationals is blind?6·/˘˘··
Of human nature ne'er too high8·/˘/˘···
Are our ideas wrought;7·/˘˘/˘·
Of human merit ne'er too low8·/˘/˘···
Depress'd the daring thought.6˘/·/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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