A Tragedy

Edward Young (1683–1765) · 1742–1745

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 40 lines · from The Poetical Works, Volume II

An Epilogue, through custom, is your right,But ne'er perhaps was needful till this night:To-night the virtuous falls, the guilty flies,Guilt's dreadful close our narrow scene denies.In history's authentic record readWhat ample vengeance gluts Demetrius' shade;Vengeance so great, that, when his tale is told,With pity some e'en Perseus may behold.Perseus surviv'd, indeed, and fill'd the throne,But ceaseless cares in conquest made him groan:Nor reign'd he long; from Rome swift thunder flew,And headlong from his throne the tyrant threw:Thrown headlong down, by Rome in triumph led,For this night's deed his perjur'd bosom bled:His brother's ghost each moment made him start,And all his father's anguish rent his heart.When, rob'd in black, his children round him hung,And their rais'd arms in early sorrow wrung;The younger smil'd, unconscious of their woe;At which thy tears, O Rome! began to flow;So sad the scene! What then must Perseus feel,To see Jove's race attend the victor's wheel:To see the slaves of his worst foes increase,From such a source!--An emperor's embrace!He sicken'd soon to death; and, what is worse,He well deserv'd, and felt, the coward's curse;Unpitied, scorn'd, insulted his last hour,Far, far from home, and in a vassal's power:His pale cheek rested on his shameful chain,No friend to mourn, no flatterer to feign;No suit retards, no comfort soothes his doom,And not one tear bedews a monarch's tomb.Nor ends it thus--dire vengeance to complete,His ancient empire falling shares his fate:His throne forgot! his weeping country chain'd!And nations ask--where Alexander reign'd.As public woes a prince's crime pursue,So public blessings are his virtue's due.Shout, Britons, shout--auspicious fortune bless!And cry, Long live--Our title to success!

Words in this poem

needful a.
Full of need; in need or want; needy; distressing.
virtuous a.
Possessing or exhibiting virtue. Specifically: -- (a) Exhibiting manly courage and strength; valorous; valiant; brave. [OE. vertuous, OF. vertuos, vertuous, F. vertueux, fr. L. Virtuous. See Virtue, and cf. Virtuoso.]
dreadful a.
Full of dread or terror; fearful.
perseus n.
A Grecian legendary hero, son of Jupiter and Danaë, who slew the Gorgon Medusa.
ceaseless a.
Without pause or end; incessant.
ghost n.
The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
dire a.
Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

A Tragedy is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of Edward Young, Volume 2, Project Gutenberg ebook #18827; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Edward Young, A Tragedy, in The Poetical Works, Volume II (1742–1745), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #18827, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/young-night-thoughts/a-tragedy.html, id L09471.

Form and metre

A Tragedy is 40 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 85% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 91%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 2 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABB--CCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJ--KKLLMMNN--OOPPQQ rightA · nightA · fliesB · deniesB · read · shade · toldC · beholdC · throneD · groanD · flewE · threwE · ledF · bledF · startG · heartG · hungH · wrungH · woeI · flowI · feelJ · wheelJ · increase · embrace · worseK · curseK · hourL · powerL · chainM · feignM · doomN · tombN · complete · fate · chain'dO · reign'dO · pursueP · dueP · blessQ · successQ
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
An Epilogue, through custom, is your right,10·/˘··/˘···
But ne'er perhaps was needful till this night:10··˘/·/˘···
To-night the virtuous falls, the guilty flies,10···/˘··/˘·
Guilt's dreadful close our narrow scene denies.10·/˘·//˘·˘/
In history's authentic record read10·/˘˘˘/˘/˘·
What ample vengeance gluts Demetrius' shade;10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
Vengeance so great, that, when his tale is told,10/˘········
With pity some e'en Perseus may behold.10·/˘··/˘·˘/
Perseus surviv'd, indeed, and fill'd the throne,10/˘˘/˘/····
But ceaseless cares in conquest made him groan:10·/˘··/˘···
Nor reign'd he long; from Rome swift thunder flew,10·······/˘·
And headlong from his throne the tyrant threw:10·/·····/˘·
Thrown headlong down, by Rome in triumph led,10·/·····/˘·
For this night's deed his perjur'd bosom bled:10·····/˘/˘·
His brother's ghost each moment made him start,10·/˘··/˘···
And all his father's anguish rent his heart.10···/˘/˘···
When, rob'd in black, his children round him hung,10·····/˘···
And their rais'd arms in early sorrow wrung;10·····/˘/˘·
The younger smil'd, unconscious of their woe;10·/˘··/˘···
At which thy tears, O Rome! began to flow;10······˘/··
So sad the scene! What then must Perseus feel,10·······/˘·
To see Jove's race attend the victor's wheel:10····˘/·/˘·
To see the slaves of his worst foes increase,10········˘/
From such a source!--An emperor's embrace!10·····/˘˘˘/
He sicken'd soon to death; and, what is worse,10·/˘·······
He well deserv'd, and felt, the coward's curse;10··˘/···/˘·
Unpitied, scorn'd, insulted his last hour,11˘/˘·˘/˘··/˘
Far, far from home, and in a vassal's power:11·······/˘/˘
His pale cheek rested on his shameful chain,10···/˘··/˘·
No friend to mourn, no flatterer to feign;10·····/˘˘··
No suit retards, no comfort soothes his doom,10··˘/·/˘···
And not one tear bedews a monarch's tomb.10·······/··
Nor ends it thus--dire vengeance to complete,10·····/˘·˘/
His ancient empire falling shares his fate:10·/˘/˘/˘···
His throne forgot! his weeping country chain'd!10··˘/·/˘/˘·
And nations ask--where Alexander reign'd.10·/˘···˘/˘·
As public woes a prince's crime pursue,10·/˘··/˘·˘/
So public blessings are his virtue's due.10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Shout, Britons, shout--auspicious fortune bless!10·/˘·˘/˘/˘·
And cry, Long live--Our title to success!10····//˘·˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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