The Scholars

W. B. Yeats (1865–1939) · 1919

iambic pentameter · 141 lines · from The Wild Swans at Coole

Bald heads forgetful of their sins,Old, learned, respectable bald headsEdit and annotate the linesThat young men, tossing on their beds,Rhymed out in love's despairTo flatter beauty's ignorant ear.

They'll cough in the ink to the world's end;Wear out the carpet with their shoesEarning respect; have no strange friend;If they have sinned nobody knows.Lord, what would they sayShould their Catullus walk that way?

'Though logic choppers rule the town,And every man and maid and boyHas marked a distant object down,An aimless joy is a pure joy,'Or so did Tom O'Roughley sayThat saw the surges running by,'And wisdom is a butterflyAnd not a gloomy bird of prey.

'If little planned is little sinnedBut little need the grave distress.What's dying but a second wind?How but in zigzag wantonnessCould trumpeter Michael be so brave?'Or something of that sort he said,'And if my dearest friend were deadI'd dance a measure on his grave.'

Nor bird nor beastCould make me wish for anything this day,Being old, but that the old alone might die,And that would be against God's Providence.Let the young wish. But what has brought you here?Never until this moment have we metWhere my goats browse on the scarce grass or leapFrom stone to stone.

I am looking for strayed sheep;Something has troubled me and in my troubleI let them stray. I thought of rhyme alone,For rhyme can beat a measure out of troubleAnd make the daylight sweet once more; but whenI had driven every rhyme into its placeThe sheep had gone from theirs.

He that was best in every country sportAnd every country craft, and of us allMost courteous to slow age and hasty youthIs dead.

He had often played his pipes among my hillsAnd when he played it was their loneliness,The exultation of their stone, that criedUnder his fingers.

How does she bear her grief? There is not a shepherdBut grows more gentle when he speaks her name,Remembering kindness done, and how can I,That found when I had neither goat nor grazingNew welcome and old wisdom at her fireTill winter blasts were gone, but speak of herEven before his children and his wife.

She goes about her house erect and calmBetween the pantry and the linen chest,Or else at meadow or at grazing overlooksHer labouring men, as though her darling livedBut for her grandson now; there is no changeBut such as I have seen upon her faceWatching our shepherd sports at harvest-timeWhen her son's turn was over.

Sing your song,I too have rhymed my reveries, but youthIs hot to show whatever it has foundAnd till that's done can neither work nor wait.Old goatherds and old goats, if in all elseYouth can excel them in accomplishment,Are learned in waiting.

You cannot but have seenThat he alone had gathered up no gear,Set carpenters to work on no wide table,On no long bench nor lofty milking shedAs others will, when first they take possession,But left the house as in his father's timeAs though he knew himself, as it were, a cuckoo,No settled man. And now that he is goneThere's nothing of him left but half a scoreOf sorrowful, austere, sweet, lofty pipe tunes.

I worked all dayAnd when 'twas done so little had I doneThat maybe 'I am sorry' in plain proseHad sounded better to your mountain fancy.

'Like the speckled bird that steersThousands of leagues oversea,And runs for a while or a while half-fliesUpon his yellow legs through our meadows,He stayed for a while; and weHad scarcely accustomed our earsTo his speech at the break of day,Had scarcely accustomed our eyesTo his shape in the lengthening shadows,Where the sheep are thrown in the pool,When he vanished from ears and eyes.I had wished a dear thing on that dayI heard him first, but man is a fool.'

You sing as always of the natural life,And I that made like music in my youthHearing it now have sighed for that young manAnd certain lost companions of my own.

They say that on your barren mountain ridgeYou have measured out the road that the soul treadsWhen it has vanished from our natural eyes;That you have talked with apparitions.

They have brought me from that ridgeSeed pods and flowers that are not all wild poppy.

'He grows younger every secondThat were all his birthdays reckonedMuch too solemn seemed;Because of what he had dreamed,Or the ambitions that he served,Much too solemn and reserved.Jaunting, journeyingTo his own dayspring,He unpacks the loaded pernOf all 'twas pain or joy to learn,Of all that he had made.The outrageous war shall fade;At some old winding whitethorn rootHe'll practice on the shepherd's flute,Or on the close-cropped grassCourt his shepherd lass,Or run where lads reform our day-timeTill that is their long shouting play-time;Knowledge he shall unwindThrough victories of the mind,Till, clambering at the cradle side,He dreams himself his mother's pride,All knowledge lost in tranceOf sweeter ignorance.'

When I have shut these ewes and this old ramInto the fold, we'll to the woods and thereCut out our rhymes on strips of new-torn barkBut put no name and leave them at her door.To know the mountain and the valley grieveMay be a quiet thought to wife and mother,And children when they spring up shoulder high.

Words in this poem 20
forgetful a.
Apt to forget; easily losing remembrance; as, a forgetful man should use helps to strengthen his memory.
edit v. t.
To superintend the publication of; to revise and prepare for publication; to select, correct, arrange, etc., the matter of, for publication; as, to edit a newspaper. [F. éditer, or L. editus, p. p. of edere to give out, put forth, publish; e out + dare to give. See Date a point of time.]
annotate v. t.
To explain or criticize by notes; as, to annotate the works of [L. annotatus; p. p. of annotare to annotate; ad + notare to mark, nota mark. See Note, n.]
earning n.
That which is earned; wages gained by work or services; money earned; -- used commonly in the plural.
nobody n.
No person; no one; not anybody. [No, a. + body.]
aimless a.
Without aim or purpose; as, an aimless life.
trumpeter n.
One who sounds a trumpet.
scarce a.
Not plentiful or abundant; in small quantity in proportion to the demand; not easily to be procured; rare; uncommon. [OE. scars, OF. escars, eschars, LL. scarpsus, for L. excerptus, p. p. of excerpere to pick out, and hence to contract, to shorten; ex (see Ex-) + carpere. See C]
daylight n.
The light of day as opposed to the darkness of night; the light of the sun, as opposed to that of the moon or to artificial light.
craft n.
Strength; might; secret power. [AS. cr strength, skill, art, cunning; akin to OS., G., Sw., & Dan. kraft strength, D. kracht, Icel. kraptr; perh. originally, a drawing together, stretching, fr]
loneliness n.
The condition of being lonely; solitude; seclusion.
labouring a.
That labors; performing labor; esp., performing coarse, heavy work, not requiring skill also, set apart for labor; as, laboring days.
maybe adv.
Perhaps; possibly; peradventure. [For it may be.]
oversea a.
Beyond the sea; foreign.
stayed a.
Staid; fixed; settled; sober; -- now written staid. See Staid.
dayspring n.
The beginning of the day, or first appearance of light; the dawn; hence, the beginning.
pern v. t.
To take profit of; to make profitable. Sylvester. [See Pernancy.]
outrageous a.
Of the nature of an outrage; exceeding the limits of right, reason, or decency; involving or doing an outrage; furious; violent; atrocious. [OF. outrageus, F. outrageux. See Outrage, n.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
lass n.
A youth woman; a girl; a sweetheart. [OE. lasse; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. llodes girl, fem. of llawd lad. (Lad a youth.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Scholars is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Wild Swans at Coole, Project Gutenberg ebook #32491; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: W. B. Yeats, The Scholars, in The Wild Swans at Coole (1919), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #32491, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/yeats-wild-swans/the-scholars.html, id L20009.

Form and metre

The Scholars is 141 lines in 19 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-ABB sins · headsA · lines · bedsA · despairB · earB
  2. 2 A-A-BB endA · shoes · friendA · knows · sayB · wayB
  3. 3 ABABCDDC townA · boyB · downA · joyB · sayC · byD · butterflyD · preyC
  4. 4 ABABCDDC sinnedA · distressB · windA · wantonnessB · braveC · saidD · deadD · graveC
  5. 6 -A-A--- sheep · troubleA · alone · troubleA · when · place · theirs
  6. 12 A---A--A-- seenA · gear · table · shed · possessionA · time · cuckoo · goneA · score · tunes
  7. 14 ABCDBAECDFCEF steersA · overseaB · fliesC · meadowsD · weB · earsA · dayE · eyesC · shadowsD · poolF · eyesC · dayE · foolF
  8. 18 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLL secondA · reckonedA · seemedB · dreamedB · servedC · reservedC · journeyingD · dayspringD · pernE · learnE · madeF · fadeF · rootG · fluteG · grassH · lassH · timeI · timeI · unwindJ · mindJ · sideK · prideK · tranceL · ignoranceL
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Bald heads forgetful of their sins,8··˘/˘···
Old, learned, respectable bald heads9··˘˘/˘˘··
Edit and annotate the lines8/˘·/˘···
That young men, tossing on their beds,8···/˘···
Rhymed out in love's despair6····˘/
To flatter beauty's ignorant ear.9·/˘/˘/˘˘·
They'll cough in the ink to the world's end;9·········
Wear out the carpet with their shoes8···/˘···
Earning respect; have no strange friend;8/˘˘/····
If they have sinned nobody knows.9····˘/···
Lord, what would they say5·····
Should their Catullus walk that way?8········
'Though logic choppers rule the town,8·/˘/˘···
And every man and maid and boy9·/˘˘·····
Has marked a distant object down,9··˘·/˘/˘·
An aimless joy is a pure joy,'8·/˘·····
Or so did Tom O'Roughley say8········
That saw the surges running by,8···/˘/˘·
'And wisdom is a butterfly8·/˘··/˘·
And not a gloomy bird of prey.8···/˘···
'If little planned is little sinned10·/˘·˘·/˘·˘
But little need the grave distress.8·/˘···˘/
What's dying but a second wind?8·/˘··/˘·
How but in zigzag wantonness8···/˘/˘˘
Could trumpeter Michael be so brave?'9·/˘˘/˘···
Or something of that sort he said,8·/˘·····
'And if my dearest friend were dead8···/˘···
I'd dance a measure on his grave.'8···/˘···
Nor bird nor beast4····
Could make me wish for anything this day,10·····/˘···
Being old, but that the old alone might die,10/·····˘/··
And that would be against God's Providence.10·······/˘˘
Let the young wish. But what has brought you here?10··········
Never until this moment have we met10/˘···/˘···
Where my goats browse on the scarce grass or leap10··········
From stone to stone.4····
I am looking for strayed sheep;7··/˘···
Something has troubled me and in my trouble11/˘·/˘····/˘
I let them stray. I thought of rhyme alone,10········˘/
For rhyme can beat a measure out of trouble11·····/˘··/˘
And make the daylight sweet once more; but when10···/······
I had driven every rhyme into its place10··//˘·····
The sheep had gone from theirs.6······
He that was best in every country sport10·····/˘/˘·
And every country craft, and of us all10·/˘/˘·····
Most courteous to slow age and hasty youth10·/˘····/˘·
Is dead.2··
He had often played his pipes among my hills11··/˘·······
And when he played it was their loneliness,10·······/˘˘
The exultation of their stone, that cried10··········
Under his fingers.5···/˘
How does she bear her grief? There is not a shepherd12··········/˘
But grows more gentle when he speaks her name,10···/˘·····
Remembering kindness done, and how can I,10˘/˘/˘·····
That found when I had neither goat nor grazing11·····/˘··/˘
New welcome and old wisdom at her fire11·/˘··/˘··/˘
Till winter blasts were gone, but speak of her10·/˘·······
Even before his children and his wife.10/˘···/˘···
She goes about her house erect and calm10······˘/··
Between the pantry and the linen chest,10···/˘··/˘·
Or else at meadow or at grazing overlooks12···/···/˘/˘·
Her labouring men, as though her darling lived10·/˘····/˘·
But for her grandson now; there is no change10···/······
But such as I have seen upon her face10··········
Watching our shepherd sports at harvest-time10/˘//˘··/˘·
When her son's turn was over.7·······
Sing your song,3···
I too have rhymed my reveries, but youth10·····/˘˘··
Is hot to show whatever it has found10·····/˘···
And till that's done can neither work nor wait.10·····/˘···
Old goatherds and old goats, if in all else10··········
Youth can excel them in accomplishment,10··˘/··˘/˘˘
Are learned in waiting.5···/˘
You cannot but have seen6·/˘···
That he alone had gathered up no gear,10··˘/·/˘···
Set carpenters to work on no wide table,11·/˘˘·····/˘
On no long bench nor lofty milking shed10·····/˘/˘·
As others will, when first they take possession,11·/˘·····˘/˘
But left the house as in his father's time10·······/˘·
As though he knew himself, as it were, a cuckoo,12····˘/····/·
No settled man. And now that he is gone10·/˘·······
There's nothing of him left but half a score10·/˘·······
Of sorrowful, austere, sweet, lofty pipe tunes.10·/˘˘/·/˘··
I worked all day4····
And when 'twas done so little had I done10·····/˘···
That maybe 'I am sorry' in plain prose10·/˘··/˘···
Had sounded better to your mountain fancy.11·/˘/˘··/˘/˘
'Like the speckled bird that steers7··/˘···
Thousands of leagues oversea,7/˘···˘/
And runs for a while or a while half-flies10··········
Upon his yellow legs through our meadows,10···/˘··//·
He stayed for a while; and we7·······
Had scarcely accustomed our ears10·/˘˘/˘˘/˘·
To his speech at the break of day,8········
Had scarcely accustomed our eyes10·/˘˘/˘˘/˘·
To his shape in the lengthening shadows,10·····/˘˘/·
Where the sheep are thrown in the pool,8········
When he vanished from ears and eyes.9··/˘˘····
I had wished a dear thing on that day10···˘······
I heard him first, but man is a fool.'9·········
You sing as always of the natural life,10···/···/˘·
And I that made like music in my youth10·····/˘···
Hearing it now have sighed for that young man10/˘········
And certain lost companions of my own.10·/˘·˘/˘···
They say that on your barren mountain ridge10·····/˘/˘·
You have measured out the road that the soul treads11··/˘·······
When it has vanished from our natural eyes;10···/˘·//˘·
That you have talked with apparitions.10····˘··˘/˘
They have brought me from that ridge7·······
Seed pods and flowers that are not all wild poppy.11···/·····/˘
'He grows younger every second9··/˘/˘˘/˘
That were all his birthdays reckoned9····/·/˘˘
Much too solemn seemed;5··/˘·
Because of what he had dreamed,7·······
Or the ambitions that he served,9··˘/˘···˘
Much too solemn and reserved.7··/˘·˘/
Jaunting, journeying5/˘/˘˘
To his own dayspring,5···/˘
He unpacks the loaded pern7·˘/·/˘·
Of all 'twas pain or joy to learn,8········
Of all that he had made.6······
The outrageous war shall fade;7·˘/˘···
At some old winding whitethorn root8···/˘/˘·
He'll practice on the shepherd's flute,8·/˘··/˘·
Or on the close-cropped grass6······
Court his shepherd lass,5··/˘·
Or run where lads reform our day-time10····˘//˘··
Till that is their long shouting play-time;9·····/˘··
Knowledge he shall unwind6/˘··˘/
Through victories of the mind,7·/˘˘···
Till, clambering at the cradle side,9·/˘˘··/˘·
He dreams himself his mother's pride,8··˘/·/˘·
All knowledge lost in trance6·/˘···
Of sweeter ignorance.'6·/˘/˘˘
When I have shut these ewes and this old ram10··········
Into the fold, we'll to the woods and there10··········
Cut out our rhymes on strips of new-torn bark10··/·······
But put no name and leave them at her door.10··········
To know the mountain and the valley grieve10···/˘··/˘·
May be a quiet thought to wife and mother,11···/˘····/˘
And children when they spring up shoulder high.10·/˘····/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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