Her Friends Bring Her a Christmas Tree

W. B. Yeats (1865–1939) · 1919

iambic pentameter · 90 lines · from The Wild Swans at Coole

Pardon, great enemy,Without an angry thoughtWe've carried in our tree,And here and there have boughtTill all the boughs are gay,And she may look from the bedOn pretty things that mayPlease a fantastic head.Give her a little grace,What if a laughing eyeHave looked into your face--It is about to die.

On the grey sand beside the shallow streamUnder your old wind-beaten tower, where stillA lamp burns on beside the open bookThat Michael Robartes left, you walk in the moonAnd though you have passed the best of life still traceEnthralled by the unconquerable delusionMagical shapes.

That is our modern hope and by its lightWe have lit upon the gentle, sensitive mindAnd lost the old nonchalance of the hand;Whether we have chosen chisel, pen or brushWe are but critics, or but half create,Timid, entangled, empty and abashedLacking the countenance of our friends.

And yetThe chief imagination of ChristendomDante Alighieri so utterly found himselfThat he has made that hollow face of hisMore plain to the mind's eye than any faceBut that of Christ.

And did he find himself,Or was the hunger that had made it hollowA hunger for the apple on the boughMost out of reach? and is that spectral imageThe man that Lapo and that Guido knew?I think he fashioned from his oppositeAn image that might have been a stony face,Staring upon a bedouin's horse-hair roofFrom doored and windowed cliff, or half upturnedAmong the coarse grass and the camel dung.He set his chisel to the hardest stone.Being mocked by Guido for his lecherous life,Derided and deriding, driven outTo climb that stair and eat that bitter bread,He found the unpersuadable justice, he foundThe most exalted lady loved by a man.

Yet surely there are men who have made their artOut of no tragic war, lovers of life,Impulsive men that look for happinessAnd sing when they have found it.

No, not sing,For those that love the world serve it in action,Grow rich, popular and full of influence,And should they paint or write still it is action:The struggle of the fly in marmalade.The rhetorician would deceive his neighbours,The sentimentalist himself; while artIs but a vision of reality.What portion in the world can the artist haveWho has awakened from the common dreamBut dissipation and despair?

His art is happy but who knows his mind?I see a schoolboy when I think of him,With face and nose pressed to a sweet-shop window,For certainly he sank into his graveHis senses and his heart unsatisfied,And made--being poor, ailing and ignorant,Shut out from all the luxury of the world,The coarse-bred son of a livery stable-keeper--Luxuriant song.

Why should you leave the lampBurning alone beside an open book,And trace these characters upon the sands;A style is found by sedentary toilAnd by the imitation of great masters.

Because I seek an image, not a book.Those men that in their writings are most wiseOwn nothing but their blind, stupefied hearts.I call to the mysterious one who yetShall walk the wet sands by the edge of the streamAnd look most like me, being indeed my double,And prove of all imaginable thingsThe most unlike, being my anti-self,And standing by these characters discloseAll that I seek; and whisper it as thoughHe were afraid the birds, who cry aloudTheir momentary cries before it is dawn,Would carry it away to blasphemous men.

Words in this poem 17
angry a.
Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
unconquerable a.
Not conquerable; indomitable.
nonchalance n.
Indifference; carelessness; coolness. [F. See Nonchalant.]
christendom n.
The profession of faith in Christ by baptism; hence, the Christian religion, or the adoption of it. [AS. cristend; cristen a Christian + -dom.]
windowed a.
Having windows or openings.
lecherous a.
Like a lecher; addicted to lewdness; lustful; also, lust- provoking.
impulsive a.
Having the power of driving or impelling; giving an impulse; moving; impellent. [Cf. F. impulsif.]
rhetorician n.
One well versed in the rules and principles of rhetoric. [Cf. F. rhétoricien.]
sentimentalist n.
One who has, or affects, sentiment or fine feeling. [Cf. F. sentimentaliste.]
artist n.
One who practices some mechanic art or craft; an artisan. [F. artiste, LL. artista, fr. L. ars. See Art, n., and cf. Artiste.]
dissipation n.
The act of dissipating or dispersing; a state of dispersion or separation; dispersion; waste. [L. dissipatio: cf. F. dissipation.]
schoolboy n.
A boy belonging to, or attending, a school.
sedentary a.
Accustomed to sit much or long; as, a sedentary man. [L. sedentarius, fr. sedere to sit: cf. F. seédentaire. See Sedent.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
imaginable a.
Capable of being imagined; conceivable. [L. imaginabilis: cf. F. imaginable.]
aloud adv.
With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly. [Pref. a- + loud.]
blasphemous a.
Speaking or writing blasphemy; uttering or exhibiting anything impiously irreverent; profane; as, a blasphemous person; containing blasphemy; as, a blasphemous book; a blasphemous caricature. [L. blasphemus, Gr. .]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Her Friends Bring Her a Christmas Tree is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Wild Swans at Coole, Project Gutenberg ebook #32491; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: W. B. Yeats, Her Friends Bring Her a Christmas Tree, in The Wild Swans at Coole (1919), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #32491, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/yeats-wild-swans/her-friends-bring-her-a-christmas-tree.html, id L20033.

Form and metre

Her Friends Bring Her a Christmas Tree is 90 lines in 10 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 84%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 -A-ABCBCDEDE enemy · thoughtA · tree · boughtA · gayB · bedC · mayB · headC · graceD · eyeE · faceD · dieE
  2. 2 ---A-A- stream · still · book · moonA · trace · delusionA · shapes
  3. 7 -A-A------- sing · actionA · influence · actionA · marmalade · neighbours · art · reality · have · dream · despair
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Pardon, great enemy,6/˘·/˘˘
Without an angry thought6···/˘·
We've carried in our tree,7·/˘·/˘·
And here and there have bought6······
Till all the boughs are gay,6······
And she may look from the bed7·······
On pretty things that may6·/˘···
Please a fantastic head.6··˘/˘·
Give her a little grace,6···/˘·
What if a laughing eye6···/˘·
Have looked into your face--6······
It is about to die.6······
On the grey sand beside the shallow stream10····˘/·/˘·
Under your old wind-beaten tower, where still10·····/˘/··
A lamp burns on beside the open book10····˘/·/˘·
That Michael Robartes left, you walk in the moon11·/˘/·······
And though you have passed the best of life still trace11···········
Enthralled by the unconquerable delusion12˘/··˘/˘˘˘˘/˘
Magical shapes.4/˘˘·
That is our modern hope and by its light10··//˘·····
We have lit upon the gentle, sensitive mind11······/˘/˘·
And lost the old nonchalance of the hand;10····/˘/···
Whether we have chosen chisel, pen or brush11····/˘/˘···
We are but critics, or but half create,10···/˘···˘/
Timid, entangled, empty and abashed10/˘˘/˘/˘·˘/
Lacking the countenance of our friends.10/˘·/˘˘·/˘·
And yet2··
The chief imagination of Christendom11··˘·˘/˘·/˘˘
Dante Alighieri so utterly found himself12/˘·····/˘·˘/
That he has made that hollow face of his10·····/˘···
More plain to the mind's eye than any face10·······/˘·
But that of Christ.4····
And did he find himself,6····˘/
Or was the hunger that had made it hollow11···/˘····/˘
A hunger for the apple on the bough10·/˘··/˘···
Most out of reach? and is that spectral image11·······/˘/˘
The man that Lapo and that Guido knew?10·······/˘·
I think he fashioned from his opposite10···/˘··/˘˘
An image that might have been a stony face,11·/˘·····/˘·
Staring upon a bedouin's horse-hair roof10/˘···/˘···
From doored and windowed cliff, or half upturned10···/˘···˘/
Among the coarse grass and the camel dung.10·······/˘·
He set his chisel to the hardest stone.10···/˘··/˘·
Being mocked by Guido for his lecherous life,10/··/˘··/˘·
Derided and deriding, driven out10˘/˘·˘/˘/˘·
To climb that stair and eat that bitter bread,10·······/˘·
He found the unpersuadable justice, he found12········/˘··
The most exalted lady loved by a man.11··˘/˘/˘····
Yet surely there are men who have made their art11·/˘········
Out of no tragic war, lovers of life,10···/˘·/˘··
Impulsive men that look for happiness10˘/˘····/˘˘
And sing when they have found it.7·······
No, not sing,3···
For those that love the world serve it in action,11·········/˘
Grow rich, popular and full of influence,11··/˘˘···/˘˘
And should they paint or write still it is action:11·········/˘
The struggle of the fly in marmalade.10·/˘····/˘·
The rhetorician would deceive his neighbours,11··˘/˘·˘/·/˘
The sentimentalist himself; while art10······˘/··
Is but a vision of reality.10···/˘·˘/˘˘
What portion in the world can the artist have11·/˘·····/˘·
Who has awakened from the common dream10··˘/˘··/˘·
But dissipation and despair?8··˘/˘·˘/
His art is happy but who knows his mind?10···/˘·····
I see a schoolboy when I think of him,10···/······
With face and nose pressed to a sweet-shop window,11·········/˘
For certainly he sank into his grave10·/˘˘······
His senses and his heart unsatisfied,10·/˘···˘/˘·
And made--being poor, ailing and ignorant,11··/˘·/˘·/˘˘
Shut out from all the luxury of the world,10·····/˘···
The coarse-bred son of a livery stable-keeper--12······/˘/˘/˘
Luxuriant song.5˘/˘˘·
Why should you leave the lamp6······
Burning alone beside an open book,10/˘˘/˘/·/˘·
And trace these characters upon the sands;10···/˘˘····
A style is found by sedentary toil10·····/˘·˘·
And by the imitation of great masters.11····˘/˘··/˘
Because I seek an image, not a book.10·····/˘···
Those men that in their writings are most wise10·····/˘···
Own nothing but their blind, stupefied hearts.10·/˘···/˘˘·
I call to the mysterious one who yet10····˘/˘···
Shall walk the wet sands by the edge of the stream11···········
And look most like me, being indeed my double,11·····/˘/·/˘
And prove of all imaginable things10····˘/˘˘˘·
The most unlike, being my anti-self,10··˘//˘·/˘·
And standing by these characters disclose10·/˘··/˘˘˘/
All that I seek; and whisper it as though10·····/˘···
He were afraid the birds, who cry aloud10··˘/····˘/
Their momentary cries before it is dawn,11·/˘·˘······
Would carry it away to blasphemous men.10·/˘·˘/·/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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