"When, to the Attractions of the Busy World"

William Wordsworth (1770–1850) · 1802–1815

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 110 lines · from The Poetical Works, Volume III

When, to the attractions of the busy world,Preferring studious leisure, I had chosenA habitation in this peaceful Vale,Sharp season followed of continual stormIn deepest winter; and, from week to week,Pathway, and lane, and public road, were cloggedWith frequent showers of snow. Upon a hillAt a short distance from my cottage, standsA stately Fir-grove, whither I was wontTo hasten, for I found, beneath the roofOf that perennial shade, a cloistral placeOf refuge, with an unincumbered floor.Here, in safe covert, on the shallow snow,And, sometimes, on a speck of visible earth,The redbreast near me hopped; nor was I lothTo sympathise with vulgar coppice birdsThat, for protection from the nipping blast,Hither repaired.--A single beech-tree grewWithin this grove of firs! and, on the forkOf that one beech, appeared a thrush's nest;A last year's nest, conspicuously builtAt such small elevation from the groundAs gave sure sign that they, who in that houseOf nature and of love had made their homeAmid the fir-trees, all the summer longDwelt in a tranquil spot. And oftentimes,A few sheep, stragglers from some mountain-flock,Would watch my motions with suspicious stare,From the remotest outskirts of the grove,--Some nook where they had made their final stand,Huddling together from two fears--the fearOf me and of the storm. Full many an hourHere did I lose. But in this grove the treesHad been so thickly planted, and had thrivenIn such perplexed and intricate array;That vainly did I seek, beneath their stemsA length of open space, where to and froMy feet might move without concern or care;And, baffled thus, though earth from day to dayWas fettered, and the air by storm disturbed,I ceased the shelter to frequent, --and prized,Less than I wished to prize, that calm recess.

The snows dissolved, and genial Spring returnedTo clothe the fields with verdure. Other hauntsMeanwhile were mine; till, one bright April day,By chance retiring from the glare of noonTo this forsaken covert, there I foundA hoary pathway traced between the trees,And winding on with such an easy lineAlong a natural opening, that I stoodMuch wondering how I could have sought in vainFor what was now so obvious. To abide,For an allotted interval of ease,Under my cottage-roof, had gladly comeFrom the wild sea a cherished Visitant;And with the sight of this same path--begun,Begun and ended, in the shady grove,Pleasant conviction flashed upon my mindThat, to this opportune recess allured,He had surveyed it with a finer eye,A heart more wakeful; and had worn the trackBy pacing here, unwearied and alone,In that habitual restlessness of footThat haunts the Sailor measuring o'er and o'erHis short domain upon the vessel's deck,While she pursues her course through the dreary sea.

When thou hadst quitted Esthwaite's pleasant shore,And taken thy first leave of those green hillsAnd rocks that were the play-ground of thy youth,Year followed year, my Brother! and we two,Conversing not, knew little in what mouldEach other's mind was fashioned; and at lengthWhen once again we met in Grasmere Vale,Between us there was little other bondThan common feelings of fraternal love.But thou, a School-boy, to the sea hadst carriedUndying recollections; Nature thereWas with thee; she, who loved us both, she stillWas with thee; and even so didst thou becomeA silent Poet; from the solitudeOf the vast sea didst bring a watchful heartStill couchant, an inevitable ear,And an eye practised like a blind man's touch.--Back to the joyless Ocean thou art gone;Nor from this vestige of thy musing hoursCould I withhold thy honoured name,--and nowI love the fir-grove with a perfect love.Thither do I withdraw when cloudless sunsShine hot, or wind blows troublesome and strong;And there I sit at evening, when the steepOf Silver-how, and Grasmere's peaceful lake,And one green island, gleam between the stemsOf the dark firs, a visionary scene!And, while I gaze upon the spectacleOf clouded splendour, on this dream-like sightOf solemn loveliness, I think on thee,My Brother, and on all which thou hast lost.Nor seldom, if I rightly guess, while Thou,Muttering the verses which I muttered firstAmong the mountains, through the midnight watchArt pacing thoughtfully the vessel's deckIn some far region, here, while o'er my head,At every impulse of the moving breeze,The fir-grove murmurs with a sea-like sound,Alone I tread this path;--for aught I know,Timing my steps to thine; and, with a storeOf undistinguishable sympathies,Mingling most earnest wishes for the dayWhen we, and others whom we love, shall meetA second time, in Grasmere's happy Vale.

Words in this poem 36
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
pathway n.
A footpath; a beaten track; any path or course. Also used figuratively.
whither adv.
To what place; -- used interrogatively; as, whither goest thou [OE. whider. AS. hwider; akin to E. where, who; cf. Goth. hvadre whither. See Who, and cf. Hither, Thither.]
cloistral a.
Of, pertaining to, or confined in, a cloister; recluse.
unincumbered a.
Not incumbered; not burdened.
hopped p. a.
Impregnated with hops.
sympathise v. t.
To experience together.
coppice n.
A grove of small growth; a thicket of brushwood; a wood cut at certain times for fuel or other purposes. See Copse. [OF. copeiz, fr. coper, couper, to cut, F. couper, fr. cop, coup, colp, a blow, F. coup, L. colaphus, fr. G. Copse, and cf. Coup, Coupee.]
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
oftentimes adv.
Frequently; often; many times. [Often + time. Cf. -wards.]
nook n.
A narrow place formed by an angle in bodies or between bodies; a corner; a recess; a secluded retreat. [OE. nok; cf. Gael. & Ir. niuc.]
fettered a.
Seeming as if fettered, as the feet pf certain animals which bend backward, and appear unfit for walking.
genial a.
Contributing to, or concerned in, propagation or production; generative; procreative; productive. [L. genialis: cf. OF. genial. See Genius.]
meanwhile n.
The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
glare v. i.
To shine with a bright, dazzling light. [OE. glaren, gloren; cf. AS. glær amber, LG. glaren to glow or burn like coals, D. gloren to glimmer; prob. akin to E. glass.]
hoary a.
White or whitish."The hoary willows."
obvious a.
Opposing; fronting. [L. obvius; ob (see Ob-) + via way. See Voyage.]
gladly adv.
Preferably; by choice. [From Glad, a.]
visitant n.
One who visits; a guest; a visitor. [L. visitans, -antis; p. pr.: cf. F. visitant.]
opportune v. t.
To suit. Dr. Clerke(1637).
wakeful a.
Not sleeping; indisposed to sleep; watchful; vigilant.
unwearied a.
Not wearied; not fatigued or tired; hence, persistent; not tiring or wearying; indefatigable.
dreary a.
Sorrowful; distressful. [OE. dreori, dreri, AS. dreórig, sad; akin to G. traurig, and prob. to AS. dreósan to fall, Goth. driusan. Cf. Dross, Drear, Drizzle, Drowse.]
mould n.
Crumbling, soft, friable earth; esp., earth containing the remains or constituents of organic matter, and suited to the growth of plants; soil. [OE. molde, AS. molde; akin to D. mul, G. mull, mulm, OHG. molt, molta, Icel. mold, Dan. muld, Sw. mull, Goth. mulda, and E. meal flour. See Meal, and cf. Mole a]
fraternal a.
Pf, pertaining to, or involving, brethren; becoming to brothers; brotherly; as, fraternal affection; a fraternal embrace. [F. fraternel, LL. fraternalis, fr. L. fraternus, fr. frater brother. See Brother.]
undying a.
Not dying; imperishable; unending; immortal; as, the undying souls of men.
didst
, the 2d pers. sing. imp. of Do.
couchant a.
Lying down with head erect; squatting. [F., p. pr. of coucher. See Couch, v. t.]
joyless a.
Not having joy; not causing joy; unenjoyable.
cloudless a.
Without a cloud; clear; bright.
splendour n.
Great brightness; brilliant luster; brilliancy; as, the splendor ot the sun. B. Jonson. [L. fr. splendere to shine: cf. F. splendeur.]
loveliness n.
The state or quality of being lovely. [From Lovely.]
hast
, 2d pers. sing. pres. of. Fave, contr. of havest.
rightly adv.
Straightly; directly; in front. [AS. richtlice.]
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

"When, to the Attractions of the Busy World" is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth — Volume 3 (of 8), Project Gutenberg ebook #12383; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: William Wordsworth, "When, to the Attractions of the Busy World", in The Poetical Works, Volume III (1802–1815), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #12383, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/wordsworth-vol3/when-to-the-attractions-of-the-busy-world.html, id L17424.

Form and metre

"When, to the Attractions of the Busy World" is 110 lines in 3 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 87%). 94% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 8 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 54% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ---------------------------A--A---B---B--- world · chosen · vale · storm · week · clogged · hill · stands · wont · roof · place · floor · snow · earth · loth · birds · blast · grew · fork · nest · built · ground · house · home · long · oftentimes · flock · stareA · grove · stand · fearA · hour · trees · thriven · arrayB · stems · fro · care · dayB · disturbed · prized · recess
  2. 2 -----A----A------------- returned · haunts · day · noon · found · treesA · line · stood · vain · abide · easeA · come · visitant · begun · grove · mind · allured · eye · track · alone · foot · o'er · deck · sea
  3. 3 ---------A---A----------------------B---B--- shore · hills · youth · two · mould · length · vale · bond · love · carriedA · there · still · become · solitudeA · heart · ear · touch · gone · hours · now · love · suns · strong · steep · lake · stems · scene · spectacle · sight · thee · lost · thou · first · watch · deck · head · breezeB · sound · know · store · sympathiesB · day · meet · vale
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
When, to the attractions of the busy world,11···˘/˘··/˘·
Preferring studious leisure, I had chosen11˘/˘/˘/˘··/˘
A habitation in this peaceful Vale,10··˘/˘··/˘·
Sharp season followed of continual storm10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
In deepest winter; and, from week to week,10·/˘/˘·····
Pathway, and lane, and public road, were clogged10/····/˘···
With frequent showers of snow. Upon a hill10·/˘/······
At a short distance from my cottage, stands10···/˘··/˘·
A stately Fir-grove, whither I was wont10·/˘··/˘···
To hasten, for I found, beneath the roof10·/˘·······
Of that perennial shade, a cloistral place10··˘/˘··/˘·
Of refuge, with an unincumbered floor.10·/˘·······
Here, in safe covert, on the shallow snow,10···/˘··/˘·
And, sometimes, on a speck of visible earth,10·/·····/˘·
The redbreast near me hopped; nor was I loth10·/˘·······
To sympathise with vulgar coppice birds10·/˘··/˘/˘·
That, for protection from the nipping blast,10··˘/˘··/˘·
Hither repaired.--A single beech-tree grew10/˘˘/·/˘···
Within this grove of firs! and, on the fork10··········
Of that one beech, appeared a thrush's nest;10····˘/·/˘·
A last year's nest, conspicuously built10····˘/˘˘˘·
At such small elevation from the ground10····˘/˘···
As gave sure sign that they, who in that house10··········
Of nature and of love had made their home10·/˘·······
Amid the fir-trees, all the summer long10˘/·····/˘·
Dwelt in a tranquil spot. And oftentimes,10···/˘··/˘·
A few sheep, stragglers from some mountain-flock,10···/˘··/˘·
Would watch my motions with suspicious stare,10···/˘·˘/˘·
From the remotest outskirts of the grove,--10··˘/˘/····
Some nook where they had made their final stand,10·······/˘·
Huddling together from two fears--the fear10/˘˘/˘·····
Of me and of the storm. Full many an hour11·······/·/˘
Here did I lose. But in this grove the trees10··········
Had been so thickly planted, and had thriven11···/˘/˘··/˘
In such perplexed and intricate array;10··˘/·/˘˘˘/
That vainly did I seek, beneath their stems10·/˘·······
A length of open space, where to and fro10···/˘·····
My feet might move without concern or care;10······˘/··
And, baffled thus, though earth from day to day10·/˘·······
Was fettered, and the air by storm disturbed,10·/˘·····˘/
I ceased the shelter to frequent, --and prized,10···/˘·/···
Less than I wished to prize, that calm recess.10········˘/
The snows dissolved, and genial Spring returned10··˘/·/˘·˘/
To clothe the fields with verdure. Other haunts10·····/˘/˘·
Meanwhile were mine; till, one bright April day,10/······/˘·
By chance retiring from the glare of noon10··˘/˘·····
To this forsaken covert, there I found10··˘/˘/˘···
A hoary pathway traced between the trees,10·/˘/······
And winding on with such an easy line10·/˘····/˘·
Along a natural opening, that I stood10˘/·/˘/˘···
Much wondering how I could have sought in vain10·/˘·······
For what was now so obvious. To abide,10·····/˘·˘/
For an allotted interval of ease,10··˘/˘/˘˘··
Under my cottage-roof, had gladly come10···/˘··/˘·
From the wild sea a cherished Visitant;10·····/˘/˘˘
And with the sight of this same path--begun,10········˘/
Begun and ended, in the shady grove,10˘/·/˘··/˘·
Pleasant conviction flashed upon my mind10/˘˘/˘·····
That, to this opportune recess allured,10····˘/˘/˘/
He had surveyed it with a finer eye,10··˘/···/˘·
A heart more wakeful; and had worn the track10···/˘·····
By pacing here, unwearied and alone,10·/˘·˘/˘·˘/
In that habitual restlessness of foot10··˘/˘/˘˘··
That haunts the Sailor measuring o'er and o'er10···/˘/˘···
His short domain upon the vessel's deck,10··˘/···/˘·
While she pursues her course through the dreary sea.11··˘/····/˘·
When thou hadst quitted Esthwaite's pleasant shore,10···/˘··/˘·
And taken thy first leave of those green hills10·/˘·······
And rocks that were the play-ground of thy youth,10··········
Year followed year, my Brother! and we two,10·/˘··/˘···
Conversing not, knew little in what mould10˘/˘··/˘···
Each other's mind was fashioned; and at length10·/˘··/˘···
When once again we met in Grasmere Vale,12··˘/········
Between us there was little other bond10·····/˘/˘·
Than common feelings of fraternal love.10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
But thou, a School-boy, to the sea hadst carried11·········/˘
Undying recollections; Nature there10˘/˘·˘/˘/˘·
Was with thee; she, who loved us both, she still10··········
Was with thee; and even so didst thou become10····/···˘/
A silent Poet; from the solitude10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Of the vast sea didst bring a watchful heart10·······/˘·
Still couchant, an inevitable ear,10·/˘·˘/˘˘˘·
And an eye practised like a blind man's touch.10··········
--Back to the joyless Ocean thou art gone;10···/˘/˘···
Nor from this vestige of thy musing hours11···/˘··/˘/˘
Could I withhold thy honoured name,--and now10··˘/·/˘···
I love the fir-grove with a perfect love.10·······˘/·
Thither do I withdraw when cloudless suns10/˘··˘/·/˘·
Shine hot, or wind blows troublesome and strong;10·····/˘˘··
And there I sit at evening, when the steep10·····/˘···
Of Silver-how, and Grasmere's peaceful lake,10·/˘····/˘·
And one green island, gleam between the stems10···/˘·····
Of the dark firs, a visionary scene!10·····/˘·˘·
And, while I gaze upon the spectacle10·······/˘˘
Of clouded splendour, on this dream-like sight10·/˘/˘·····
Of solemn loveliness, I think on thee,10·/˘/˘˘····
My Brother, and on all which thou hast lost.10·/˘·······
Nor seldom, if I rightly guess, while Thou,10·/˘··/˘···
Muttering the verses which I muttered first10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Among the mountains, through the midnight watch10···/˘··/··
Art pacing thoughtfully the vessel's deck10·/˘/˘˘·/˘·
In some far region, here, while o'er my head,10···/˘·····
At every impulse of the moving breeze,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
The fir-grove murmurs with a sea-like sound,10···/˘·····
Alone I tread this path;--for aught I know,10˘/········
Timing my steps to thine; and, with a store10/˘········
Of undistinguishable sympathies,10·······/˘˘
Mingling most earnest wishes for the day10/˘·/˘/˘···
When we, and others whom we love, shall meet10···/˘·····
A second time, in Grasmere's happy Vale.10·/˘····/˘·

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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