Book Eight: Retrospect—Love of Nature Leading to Love of Man

William Wordsworth (1770–1850) · 1802–1815

iambic pentameter · unrhymed · 689 lines · from The Poetical Works, Volume III

What sounds are those, Helvellyn, that are heardUp to thy summit, through the depth of airAscending, as if distance had the powerTo make the sounds more audible? What crowdCovers, or sprinkles o'er, yon village green?Crowd seems it, solitary hill! to thee,Though but a little family of men,Shepherds and tillers of the ground--betimesAssembled with their children and their wives,And here and there a stranger interspersed.They hold a rustic fair--a festival,Such as, on this side now, and now on that,Repeated through his tributary vales,Helvellyn, in the silence of his rest,Sees annually, if clouds towards either oceanBlown from their favourite resting-place, or mistsDissolved, have left him an unshrouded head.Delightful day it is for all who dwellIn this secluded glen, and eagerlyThey give it welcome. Long ere heat of noon,From byre or field the kine were brought; the sheepAre penned in cotes; the chaffering is begun.The heifer lows, uneasy at the voiceOf a new master; bleat the flocks aloud.Booths are there none; a stall or two is here;A lame man or a blind, the one to beg,The other to make music; hither, too,From far, with basket, slung upon her arm,Of hawker's wares--books, pictures, combs, and pins--Some aged woman finds her way again,Year after year, a punctual visitant!There also stands a speech-maker by rote,Pulling the strings of his boxed raree-show;And in the lapse of many years may comeProuder itinerant, mountebank, or heWhose wonders in a covered wain lie hid.But one there is, the loveliest of them all,Some sweet lass of the valley, looking outFor gains, and who that sees her would not buy?Fruits of her father's orchard, are her wares,And with the ruddy produce, she walks roundAmong the crowd, half pleased with, half ashamedOf her new office, blushing restlessly.The children now are rich, for the old to-dayAre generous as the young; and, if contentWith looking on, some ancient wedded pairSit in the shade together, while they gaze,"A cheerful smile unbends the wrinkled brow,The days departed start again to life,And all the scenes of childhood reappear,Faint, but more tranquil, like the changing sunTo him who slept at noon and wakes at eve."Thus gaiety and cheerfulness prevail,Spreading from young to old, from old to young,And no one seems to want his share.--ImmenseIs the recess, the circumambient worldMagnificent, by which they are embraced:They move about upon the soft green turf:How little they, they and their doings, seem,And all that they can further or obstruct!Through utter weakness pitiably dear,As tender infants are: and yet how great!For all things serve them: them the morning lightLoves, as it glistens on the silent rocks;And them the silent rocks, which now from highLook down upon them; the reposing clouds;The wild brooks prattling from invisible haunts;And old Helvellyn, conscious of the stirWhich animates this day their calm abode.

With deep devotion, Nature, did I feel,In that enormous City's turbulent worldOf men and things, what benefit I owedTo thee, and those domains of rural peace,Where to the sense of beauty first my heartWas opened; tract more exquisitely fairThan that famed paradise often thousand trees,Or Gehol's matchless gardens, for delightOf the Tartarian dynasty composed(Beyond that mighty wall, not fabulous,China's stupendous mound) by patient toilOf myriads and boon nature's lavish help;There, in a clime from widest empire chosen,Fulfilling (could enchantment have done more?)A sumptuous dream of flowery lawns, with domesOf pleasure sprinkled over, shady dellsFor eastern monasteries, sunny mountsWith temples crested, bridges, gondolas,Rocks, dens, and groves of foliage taught to meltInto each other their obsequious hues,Vanished and vanishing in subtle chase,Too fine to be pursued; or standing forthIn no discordant opposition, strongAnd gorgeous as the colours side by sideBedded among rich plumes of tropic birds;And mountains over all, embracing all;And all the landscape, endlessly enrichedWith waters running, falling, or asleep.

But lovelier far than this, the paradiseWhere I was reared; in Nature's primitive giftsFavoured no less, and more to every senseDelicious, seeing that the sun and sky,The elements, and seasons as they change,Do find a worthy fellow-labourer there--Man free, man working for himself, with choiceOf time, and place, and object; by his wants,His comforts, native occupations, cares,Cheerfully led to individual endsOr social, and still followed by a trainUnwooed, unthought-of even--simplicity,And beauty, and inevitable grace.

Yea, when a glimpse of those imperial bowersWould to a child be transport over-great,When but a half-hour's roam through such a placeWould leave behind a dance of images,That shall break in upon his sleep for weeks;Even then the common haunts of the green earth,And ordinary interests of man,Which they embosom, all without regardAs both may seem, are fastening on the heartInsensibly, each with the other's help.For me, when my affections first were ledFrom kindred, friends, and playmates, to partakeLove for the human creature's absolute self,That noticeable kindliness of heartSprang out of fountains, there abounding mostWhere sovereign Nature dictated the tasksAnd occupations which her beauty adorned,And Shepherds were the men that pleased me first;Not such as Saturn ruled 'mid Latian wilds,With arts and laws so tempered, that their livesLeft, even to us toiling in this late day,A bright tradition of the golden age;Not such as, 'mid Arcadian fastnessesSequestered, handed down among themselvesFelicity, in Grecian song renowned;Nor such as--when an adverse fate had driven,From house and home, the courtly band whose fortunesEntered, with Shakespeare's genius, the wild woodsOf Arden--amid sunshine or in shade,Culled the best fruits of Time's uncounted hours,Ere Phoebe sighed for the false Ganymede;Or there where Perdita and FlorizelTogether danced, Queen of the feast, and King;Nor such as Spenser fabled. True it is,That I had heard (what he perhaps had seen)Of maids at sunrise bringing in from farTheir May-bush , and along the streets in flocksParading with a song of taunting rhymes,Aimed at the laggards slumbering within doors;Had also heard, from those who yet remembered,Tales of the May-pole dance, and wreaths that deckedPorch, door-way, or kirk-pillar; and of youths,Each with his maid, before the sun was up,By annual custom, issuing forth in troops,To drink the waters of some sainted well,And hang it round with garlands. Love survives;But, for such purpose, flowers no longer grow:The times, too sage, perhaps too proud, have droppedThese lighter graces; and the rural waysAnd manners which my childhood looked uponWere the unluxuriant produce of a lifeIntent on little but substantial needs,Yet rich in beauty, beauty that was felt.But images of danger and distress,Man suffering among awful Powers and Forms;Of this I heard, and saw enough to makeImagination restless; nor was freeMyself from frequent perils; nor were talesWanting,--the tragedies of former times,Hazards and strange escapes, of which the rocksImmutable and overflowing streams,Where'er I roamed, were speaking monuments.

Smooth life had flock and shepherd in old time,Long springs and tepid winters, on the banksOf delicate Galesus ; and no lessThose scattered along Adria's myrtle shores:Smooth life had herdsman, and his snow-white herdTo triumphs and to sacrificial ritesDevoted, on the inviolable streamOf rich Clitumnus ; and the goat-herd livedAs calmly, underneath the pleasant browsOf cool Lucretilis , where the pipe was heardOf Pan, Invisible God, thrilling the rocksWith tutelary music, from all harmThe fold protecting. I myself, matureIn manhood then, have seen a pastoral tractLike one of these, where Fancy might run wild,Though under skies less generous, less serene:There, for her own delight had Nature framedA pleasure-ground, diffused a fair expanseOf level pasture, islanded with grovesAnd banked with woody risings; but the PlainEndless, here opening widely out, and thereShut up in lesser lakes or beds of lawnAnd intricate recesses, creek or baySheltered within a shelter, where at largeThe shepherd strays, a rolling hut his home.Thither he comes with spring-time, there abidesAll summer, and at sunrise ye may hearHis flageolet to liquid notes of loveAttuned, or sprightly fife resounding far.Nook is there none, nor tract of that vast spaceWhere passage opens, but the same shall haveIn turn its visitant, telling there his hoursIn unlaborious pleasure, with no taskMore toilsome than to carve a beechen bowlFor spring or fountain, which the traveller finds,When through the region he pursues at willHis devious course. A glimpse of such sweet lifeI saw when, from the melancholy wallsOf Goslar, once imperial, I renewedMy daily walk along that wide champaign,That, reaching to her gates, spreads east and west,And northwards, from beneath the mountainous vergeOf the Hercynian forest, Yet, hail to youMoors, mountains, headlands, and ye hollow vales,Ye long deep channels for the Atlantic's voice,Powers of my native region! Ye that seizeThe heart with firmer grasp! Your snows and streamsUngovernable, and your terrifying winds,That howl so dismally for him who treadsCompanionless your awful solitudes!There, 'tis the shepherd's task the winter longTo wait upon the storms: of their approachSagacious, into sheltering coves he drivesHis flock, and thither from the homestead bearsA toilsome burden up the craggy ways,And deals it out, their regular nourishmentStrewn on the frozen snow. And when the springLooks out, and all the pastures dance with lambs,And when the flock, with warmer weather, climbsHigher and higher, him his office leadsTo watch their goings, whatsoever trackThe wanderers choose. For this he quits his homeAt day-spring, and no sooner doth the sunBegin to strike him with a fire-like heat,Than he lies down upon some shining rock,And breakfasts with his dog. When they have stolen,As is their wont, a pittance from strict time,For rest not needed or exchange of love,Then from his couch he starts; and now his feetCrush out a livelier fragrance from the flowersOf lowly thyme, by Nature's skill enwroughtIn the wild turf: the lingering dews of mornSmoke round him, as from hill to hill he hies,His staff protending like a hunter's spear,Or by its aid leaping from crag to crag,And o'er the brawling beds of unbridged streams.Philosophy, methinks, at Fancy's call,Might deign to follow him through what he doesOr sees in his day's march; himself he feels,In those vast regions where his service lies,A freeman, wedded to his life of hopeAnd hazard, and hard labour interchangedWith that majestic indolence so dearTo native man. A rambling school-boy, thusI felt his presence in his own domain,As of a lord and master, or a power,Or genius, under Nature, under God,Presiding; and severest solitudeHad more commanding looks when he was there.When up the lonely brooks on rainy daysAngling I went, or trod the trackless hillsBy mists bewildered, suddenly mine eyesHave glanced upon him distant a few steps,In size a giant, stalking through thick fog,His sheep like Greenland bears; or, as he steppedBeyond the boundary line of some hill-shadow,His form hath flashed upon me, glorifiedBy the deep radiance of the setting sun:Or him have I descried in distant sky,A solitary object and sublime,Above all height! like an aerial crossStationed alone upon a spiry rockOf the Chartreuse, for worship. Thus was manEnnobled outwardly before my sight,And thus my heart was early introducedTo an unconscious love and reverenceOf human nature; hence the human formTo me became an index of delight,Of grace and honour, power and worthiness.Meanwhile this creature--spiritual almostAs those of books, but more exalted far;Far more of an imaginative formThan the gay Corin of the groves, who livesFor his own fancies, or to dance by the hour,In coronal, with Phyllis in the midst--Was, for the purposes of kind, a manWith the most common; husband, father; learned,Could teach, admonish; suffered with the restFrom vice and folly, wretchedness and fear;Of this I little saw, cared less for it,But something must have felt.Call ye these appearancesWhich I beheld of shepherds in my youth,This sanctity of Nature given to man,A shadow, a delusion? ye who poreOn the dead letter, miss the spirit of things;Whose truth is not a motion or a shapeInstinct with vital functions, but a blockOr waxen image which yourselves have made,And ye adore! But blessed be the GodOf Nature and of Man that this was so;That men before my inexperienced eyesDid first present themselves thus purified,Removed, and to a distance that was fit:And so we all of us in some degreeAre led to knowledge, wheresoever led,And howsoever; were it otherwise,And we found evil fast as we find goodIn our first years, or think that it is found,How could the innocent heart bear up and live!But doubly fortunate my lot; not hereAlone, that something of a better lifePerhaps was round me than it is the privilegeOf most to move in, but that first I lookedAt Man through objects that were great or fair;First communed with him by their help. And thusWas founded a sure safeguard and defenceAgainst the weight of meanness, selfish cares,Coarse manners, vulgar passions, that beat inOn all sides from the ordinary worldIn which we traffic. Starting from this pointI had my face turned toward the truth, beganWith an advantage furnished by that kindOf prepossession, without which the soulReceives no knowledge that can bring forth good,No genuine insight ever comes to her.From the restraint of over-watchful eyesPreserved, I moved about, year after year,Happy, a and now most thankful that my walkWas guarded from too early intercourseWith the deformities of crowded life,And those ensuing laughters and contempts,Self-pleasing, which, if we would wish to thinkWith a due reverence on earth's rightful lord,Here placed to be the inheritor of heaven,Will not permit us; but pursue the mind,That to devotion willingly would rise,Into the temple and the temple's heart.

Yet deem not, Friend! that human kind with meThus early took a place pre-eminent;Nature herself was, at this unripe time,But secondary to my own pursuitsAnd animal activities, and allTheir trivial pleasures; b and when these had droopedAnd gradually expired, and Nature, prizedFor her own sake, became my joy, even then--bAnd upwards through late youth, until not lessThan two-and-twenty summers had been told--cWas Man in my affections and regardsSubordinate to her, her visible formsAnd viewless agencies: a passion, she,A rapture often, and immediate loveEver at hand; he, only a delightOccasional, an accidental grace,His hour being not yet come. Far less had thenThe inferior creatures, beast or bird, attunedMy spirit to that gentleness of love(Though they had long been carefully observed),Won from me those minute obeisancesOf tenderness, d which I may number nowWith my first blessings. Nevertheless, on theseThe light of beauty did not fall in vain,Or grandeur circumfuse them to no end.

But when that first poetic facultyOf plain Imagination and severe,No longer a mute influence of the soul,Ventured, at some rash Muse's earnest call,To try her strength among harmonious words; eAnd to book-notions and the rules of artDid knowingly conform itself; there cameAmong the simple shapes of human lifeA wilfulness of fancy and conceit; eAnd Nature and her objects beautifiedThese fictions, as in some sort, in their turn,They burnished her. From touch of this new powerNothing was safe: the elder-tree that grewBeside the well-known charnel-house had thenA dismal look: the yew-tree had its ghost,That took his station there for ornament:The dignities of plain occurrence thenWere tasteless, and truth's golden mean, a pointWhere no sufficient pleasure could be found.Then, if a widow, staggering with the blowOf her distress, was known to have turned her stepsTo the cold grave in which her husband slept,One night, or haply more than one, through painOr half-insensate impotence of mind,The fact was caught at greedily, and thereShe must be visitant the whole year through,Wetting the turf with never-ending tears.

Through quaint obliquities I might pursueThese cravings; when the fox-glove, one by one,Upwards through every stage of the tall stem,Had shed beside the public way its bells,And stood of all dismantled, save the lastLeft at the tapering ladder's top, that seemedTo bend as doth a slender blade of grassTipped with a rain-drop, Fancy loved to seat,Beneath the plant despoiled, but crested stillWith this last relic, soon itself to fall,Some vagrant mother, whose arch little ones,All unconcerned by her dejected plight,Laughed as with rival eagerness their handsGathered the purple cups that round them lay,Strewing the turf's green slope.A diamond light(Whene'er the summer sun, declining, smoteA smooth rock wet with constant springs) was seenSparkling from out a copse-clad bank that roseFronting our cottage. f Oft beside the hearthSeated, with open door, often and longUpon this restless lustre have I gazed,That made my fancy restless as itself.'Twas now for me a burnished silver shieldSuspended over a knight's tomb, who layInglorious, buried in the dusky wood:An entrance now into some magic caveOr palace built by fairies of the rock;Nor could I have been bribed to disenchantThe spectacle, by visiting the spot.Thus wilful Fancy, in no hurtful mood,Engrafted far-fetched shapes on feelings bredBy pure Imagination: busy Power gShe was, and with her ready pupil turnedInstinctively to human passions, thenLeast understood. Yet, 'mid the fervent swarmOf these vagaries, with an eye so richAs mine was through the bounty of a grandAnd lovely region, h I had forms distinctTo steady me: each airy thought revolvedRound a substantial centre, which at onceIncited it to motion, and controlled.I did not pine like one in cities bred,As was thy melancholy lot, dear Friend! iGreat Spirit as thou art, in endless dreamsOf sickliness, disjoining, joining, thingsWithout the light of knowledge. Where the harm,If, when the woodman languished with diseaseInduced by sleeping nightly on the groundWithin his sod-built cabin, Indian-wise,I called the pangs of disappointed love,And all the sad etcetera of the wrong,To help him to his grave? Meanwhile the man,If not already from the woods retiredTo die at home, was haply as I knew,Withering by slow degrees, 'mid gentle airs,Birds, running streams, and hills so beautifulOn golden evenings, while the charcoal pileBreathed up its smoke, an image of his ghostOr spirit that full soon must take her flight.Nor shall we not be tending towards that pointOf sound humanity to which our TaleLeads, though by sinuous ways, if here I shewHow Fancy, in a season when she woveThose slender cords, to guide the unconscious BoyFor the Man's sake, could feed at Nature's callSome pensive musings which might well beseemMaturer years.A grove there is whose boughsStretch from the western marge of Thurston-mere, kWith length of shade so thick, that whoso glidesAlong the line of low-roofed water, movesAs in a cloister. Once--while, in that shadeLoitering, I watched the golden beams of lightFlung from the setting sun, as they reposedIn silent beauty on the naked ridgeOf a high eastern hill--thus flowed my thoughtsIn a pure stream of words fresh from the heart:Dear native Regions, m wheresoe'er shall closeMy mortal course, there will I think on you;Dying, will cast on you a backward look;Even as this setting sun (albeit the ValeIs no where touched by one memorial gleam)Doth with the fond remains of his last powerStill linger, and a farewell lustre shedsOn the dear mountain-tops where first he rose.

Enough of humble arguments; recal,My Song! those high emotions which thy voiceHas heretofore made known; that bursting forthOf sympathy, inspiring and inspired,When everywhere a vital pulse was felt,And all the several frames of things, like stars,Through every magnitude distinguishable,Shone mutually indebted, or half lostEach in the other's blaze, a galaxyOf life and glory. In the midst stood Man,Outwardly, inwardly contemplated,As, of all visible natures, crown, though bornOf dust, and kindred to the worm; a Being,Both in perception and discernment, firstIn every capability of rapture,Through the divine effect of power and love;As, more than anything we know, instinctWith godhead, and, by reason and by will,Acknowledging dependency sublime.

Ere long, the lonely mountains left, I moved,Begirt, from day to day, with temporal shapesOf vice and folly thrust upon my view,Objects of sport, and ridicule, and scorn,Manners and characters discriminate,And little bustling passions that eclipse,As well they might, the impersonated thought,The idea, or abstraction of the kind.

An idler among academic bowers,Such was my new condition, as at largeHas been set forth; n yet here the vulgar lightOf present, actual, superficial life,Gleaming through colouring of other times,Old usages and local privilege,Was welcome, softened, if not solemnised.

This notwithstanding, being brought more nearTo vice and guilt, forerunning wretchednessI trembled,--thought, at times, of human lifeWith an indefinite terror and dismay,Such as the storms and angry elementsHad bred in me; but gloomier far, a dimAnalogy to uproar and misrule,Disquiet, danger, and obscurity.

It might be told (but wherefore speak of thingsCommon to all?) that, seeing, I was ledGravely to ponder--judging between goodAnd evil, not as for the mind's delightBut for her guidance--one who was to act,As sometimes to the best of feeble meansI did, by human sympathy impelled:And, through dislike and most offensive pain,Was to the truth conducted; of this faithNever forsaken, that, by acting well,And understanding, I should learn to loveThe end of life, and every thing we know.

Grave Teacher, stern Preceptress! for at timesThou canst put on an aspect most severe;London, to thee I willingly return.Erewhile my verse played idly with the flowersEnwrought upon thy mantle; satisfiedWith that amusement, and a simple lookOf child-like inquisition now and thenCast upwards on thy countenance, to detectSome inner meanings which might harbour there.But how could I in mood so light indulge,Keeping such fresh remembrance of the day,When, having thridded the long labyrinthOf the suburban villages, I firstEntered thy vast dominion? o On the roofOf an itinerant vehicle I sate,With vulgar men about me, trivial formsOf houses, pavement, streets, of men and things,--Mean shapes on every side: but, at the instant,When to myself it fairly might be said,The threshold now is overpast, (how strangeThat aught external to the living mindShould have such mighty sway! yet so it was),A weight of ages did at once descendUpon my heart; no thought embodied, noDistinct remembrances, but weight and power,--Power growing under weight: alas! I feelThat I am trifling: 'twas a moment's pause,--All that took place within me came and wentAs in a moment; yet with Time it dwells,And grateful memory, as a thing divine.

The curious traveller, who, from open day,Hath passed with torches into some huge cave,The Grotto of Antiparos, p or the DenIn old time haunted by that Danish Witch,Yordas; q he looks around and sees the vaultWidening on all sides; sees, or thinks he sees,Erelong, the massy roof above his head,That instantly unsettles and recedes,--Substance and shadow, light and darkness, allCommingled, making up a canopyOf shapes and forms and tendencies to shapeThat shift and vanish, change and interchangeLike spectres,--ferment silent and sublime!That after a short space works less and less,Till, every effort, every motion gone,The scene before him stands in perfect viewExposed, and lifeless as a written book!--But let him pause awhile, and look again,And a new quickening shall succeed, at firstBeginning timidly, then creeping fast,Till the whole cave, so late a senseless mass,Busies the eye with images and formsBoldly assembled,--here is shadowed forthFrom the projections, wrinkles, cavities,A variegated landscape,--there the shapeOf some gigantic warrior clad in mail,The ghostly semblance of a hooded monk.Veiled nun, or pilgrim resting on his staff:Strange congregation! yet not slow to meetEyes that perceive through minds that can inspire.

Even in such sort had I at first been moved,Nor otherwise continued to be moved,As I explored the vast metropolis,Fount of my country's destiny and the world's;That great emporium, chronicle at onceAnd burial-place of passions, and their homeImperial, their chief living residence.

With strong sensations teeming as it didOf past and present, such a place must needsHave pleased me, seeking knowledge at that timeFar less than craving power; yet knowledge came,Sought or unsought, and influxes of powerCame, of themselves, or at her call derivedIn fits of kindliest apprehensiveness,From all sides, when whate'er was in itselfCapacious found, or seemed to find, in meA correspondent amplitude of mind;Such is the strength and glory of our youth!The human nature unto which I feltThat I belonged, and reverenced with love,Was not a punctual presence, but a spiritDiffused through time and space, with aid derivedOf evidence from monuments, erect,Prostrate, or leaning towards their common restIn earth, the widely scattered wreck sublimeOf vanished nations, or more clearly drawnFrom books and what they picture and record.

'Tis true, the history of our native land,With those of Greece compared and popular Rome,And in our high-wrought modern narrativesStript of their harmonising soul, the lifeOf manners and familiar incidents,Had never much delighted me. And lessThan other intellects had mine been usedTo lean upon extrinsic circumstanceOf record or tradition; but a senseOf what in the Great City had been doneAnd suffered, and was doing, suffering, still,Weighed with me, could support the test of thought;And, in despite of all that had gone by,Or was departing never to return,There I conversed with majesty and powerLike independent natures. Hence the placeWas thronged with impregnations like the WildsIn which my early feelings had been nursed--Bare hills and valleys, full of caverns, rocks,And audible seclusions, dashing lakes,Echoes and waterfalls, and pointed cragsThat into music touch the passing wind.Here then my young imagination foundNo uncongenial element; could hereAmong new objects serve or give command,Even as the heart's occasions might require,To forward reason's else too scrupulous march.The effect was, still more elevated viewsOf human nature. Neither vice nor guilt,Debasement undergone by body or mind,Nor all the misery forced upon my sight,Misery not lightly passed, but sometimes scannedMost feelingly, could overthrow my trustIn what we may become; induce beliefThat I was ignorant, had been falsely taught,A solitary, who with vain conceitsHad been inspired, and walked about in dreams.From those sad scenes when meditation turned,Lo! every thing that was indeed divineRetained its purity inviolate,Nay brighter shone, by this portentous gloomSet off; such opposition as arousedThe mind of Adam, yet in ParadiseThough fallen from bliss, when in the East he sawr Darkness ere day's mid course, and morning lightMore orient in the western cloud, that drewO'er the blue firmament a radiant white,Descending slow with something heavenly fraught.Add also, that among the multitudesOf that huge city, oftentimes was seenAffectingly set forth, more than elsewhereIs possible, the unity of man,One spirit over ignorance and vicePredominant, in good and evil hearts;One sense for moral judgments, as one eyeFor the sun's light. The soul when smitten thusBy a sublime idea, whencesoe'erVouchsafed for union or communion, feedsOn the pure bliss, and takes her rest with God.Thus from a very early age, O Friend!My thoughts by slow gradations had been drawnTo human-kind, and to the good and illOf human life: Nature had led me on;And oft amid the "busy hum" I seemed sTo travel independent of her help,As if I had forgotten her; but no,The world of human-kind outweighed not hersIn my habitual thoughts; the scale of love,Though filling daily, still was light, comparedWith that in which her mighty objects lay.

Words in this poem 148
betimes adv.
In good season or time; before it is late; seasonably; early. [Pref. be- (for by) + time; that is, by the proper time. The -s is an adverbial ending.]
dwell v. i.
To delay; to linger. [OE. dwellen, dwelien, to err, linger, AS. dwellan to deceive, hinder, delay, dwelian to err; akin to Icel. dvelja to delay, tarry, Sw. dväljas to dwell, Dan. dv]
byre n.
A cow house. [N. of Eng.& Scot.] [Cf, Icel. bür pantry, Sw. bur cage,Dan. buur, E.bower.]
penned a.
Winged; having plumes.
bleat v. i.
To make the noise of, or one like that of, a sheep; to cry like a sheep or calf. [OE. bleten, AS. bl; akin to D. blaten, bleeten, OHG. blazan, plazan; prob. of imitative origin.]
aloud adv.
With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly. [Pref. a- + loud.]
punctual a.
Consisting in a point; limited to a point; unextended. [F. ponctuel (cf. Sp.puntual, It. puntuale), from L. punctum point. See Point.]
visitant n.
One who visits; a guest; a visitor. [L. visitans, -antis; p. pr.: cf. F. visitant.]
rote v. t.
To learn or repeat by rote.
wain n.
A four-wheeled vehicle for the transportation of goods, produce, etc.; a wagon. [OE. wain, AS. wægn; akin to D. & G. wagen, OHG. wagan, Icel. & Sw. vagn, Dan. vogn, and E. way. Way, Weigh, and cf. Wagon.]
lass n.
A youth woman; a girl; a sweetheart. [OE. lasse; prob. of Celtic origin; cf. W. llodes girl, fem. of llawd lad. (Lad a youth.]
generous a.
Of honorable birth or origin; highborn. [F. généreux, fr. L. generous of noble birth, noble, excellent, magnanimous, fr. genus birth, race: cf. It. generoso. See 2d Gender.]
wedded a.
Joined in wedlock; married.
childhood n.
The state of being a child; the time in which persons are children; the condition or time from infancy to puberty. [AS. cildhad; cild child + -had. See Child, and hood.]
reappear v. i.
To appear again.
circumambient a.
Surrounding; inclosing or being on all sides; encompassing. [Pref. circum- + ambient.]
abode n.
Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]
exquisitely adv.
In an exquisite manner or degree; as, lace exquisitely wrought.
tartarian a.
Of or pertaining to Tartary in Asia, or the Tartars. Tartarian lamb (Bot.), Scythian lamb. See Barometz.
stupendous a.
Astonishing; wonderful; amazing; especially, astonishing in magnitude or elevation; as, a stupendous pile. [L. stupendus astonishing, p. future pass. of stupere to be astonished at. Cf. Stupid.]
boon n.
A prayer or petition. [OE. bone, boin, a petition, fr. Icel. b; akin to Sw. & Dan. b, AS. b, and perh. to E. ban; but influenced by F. bon good, fr. L. bonus. Ban, Bounty.]
clime n.
A climate; a tract or region of the earth. See Climate. [L. clima. See Climate.]
sunny a.
Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from, or resembling the sun; hence, shining; bright; brilliant; radiant.
obsequious a.
Promptly obedient, or submissive, to the will of another; compliant; yielding to the desires of another; devoted. [L.obsequiosus, fr. obsequium compliance, fr. obsequi, fr. obsequi: cf. F. obséquieux, See Obsequent, and cf. Obsequy.]
gorgeous a.
Imposing through splendid or various colors; showy; fine; magnificent. [OF. gorgias beautiful, glorious, vain, luxurious; cf. OF. gorgias ruff, neck handkerchief, and F. gorge throat, and se pengorger to assume airs. Cf. Gorge, n.]
bedded a.
Provided with a bed; as, double-bedded room; placed or arranged in a bed or beds.
endlessly adv.
In an endless manner.
favoured a.
Countenanced; aided; regarded with kidness; as, a favored friend.
cheerfully adv.
In a cheerful manner, gladly.
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
embosom v. t.
To take into, or place in, the bosom; to cherish; to foster. [Written also imbosom.]
insensibly adv.
In a manner not to be felt or perceived; imperceptibly; gradually.
kindliness n.
Natural inclination; natural course.
latian a.
Belonging, or relating, to Latium, a country of ancient Italy.
arcadian a.
Of or pertaining to Arcadia; pastoral; ideally rural; as, Arcadian simplicity or scenery. [L. Arcadius, Arcadicus, fr. Arcadia: cf. F. Arcadien, Arcadique.]
courtly a.
Relating or belonging to a court. [From Court.]
amid prep.
In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
sunshine n.
The light of the sun, or the place where it shines; the direct rays of the sun, the place where they fall, or the warmth and light which they give.
phoebe n.
The pewee, or pewit.
sainted a.
Consecrated; sacred; holy; pious.
needs adv.
Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]
immutable a.
Not mutable; not capable or susceptible of change; unchangeable; unalterable. [L. immutabilis; pref. im- not + mutabilis mutable. See Mutable.]
sacrificial a.
Of or pertaining to sacrifice or sacrifices; consisting in sacrifice; performing sacrifice.
thrilling a.
Causing a thrill; causing tremulous excitement; deeply moving; as, a thrilling romance.
flageolet n.
A small wooden pipe, having six or more holes, and a mouthpiece inserted at one end. It produces a shrill sound, softer than of the piccolo flute, and is said to have superseded the old recorder. [F. flageolet, dim. of OF. flaj (as if fr. a LL. flautio;us), of flaüte, flahute, F. fl. See Flute.]
nook n.
A narrow place formed by an angle in bodies or between bodies; a corner; a recess; a secluded retreat. [OE. nok; cf. Gael. & Ir. niuc.]
beechen a.
Consisting, or made, of the wood or bark of the beech; belonging to the beech. [AS. b.]
devious a.
Out of a straight line; winding; varying from directness; as, a devious path or way. [L. devius; de + via way. See Viaduct.]
champaign n.
A flat, open country. [OF. champaigne; same word as campagne.]
northwards adv.
Toward the north, or toward a point nearer to the north than to the east or west point.
hercynian a.
Of or pertaining to an extensive forest in Germany, of which there are still portions in Swabia and the Hartz mountains.
dismally adv.
In a dismal manner; gloomily; sorrowfully; uncomfortably.
companionless a.
Without a companion.
pittance n.
An allowance of food bestowed in charity; a mess of victuals; hence, a small charity gift; a dole. [OE. pitance, pitaunce, F. pitance; cf. It. pietanza, LL. pitancia, pittantia, pictantia; perh. fr. L. pietas pity, piety, or perhaps akin to E. petty. Cf. Petty]
morn n.
The first part of the day; the morning; -- used chiefly in poetry. [OE. morwen, morgen, AS. morgen; akin to D. morgen, OS. morgan, G. morgen, Icel. morginn, morgunn, Sw. morgon, Dan. morgen, Goth. maúrgins. Cf. Morrow, Morning.]
crag n.
The neck or throat [A form of craw: cf. D. kraag neck, collar, G. kragen. See Craw.]
brawling a.
Quarreling; quarrelsome; noisy.
methinks v.
It seems to me; I think. See Me. [AS. þyncan to seem, me þynceedh, me þuhte, OE. me thinketh, me thoughte; akin to G. dünken to seem, denken to think, and E. think. See Me, and Think.]
deign v. t.
To esteem worthy; to consider worth notice; -- opposed to disdain. [OE. deinen, deignen, OF. degner, deigner, daigner, F. daigner, fr. L. dignari to deem worthy, deign, fr. dignus worthy; akin to decere to be fitting. See Decent]
indolence n.
Freedom from that which pains, or harasses, as toil, care, grief, etc. [L. indolentia freedom from pain: cf. F. indolence.]
went n.
Course; way; path; journey; direction.
trackless a.
Having no track; marked by no footsteps; untrodden; as, a trackless desert.
spiry a.
Of a spiral form; wreathed; curled; serpentine. [From Spire a winding line.]
chartreuse n.
A Carthusian monastery; esp. La Grande Chartreuse, mother house of the order, in the mountains near Grenoble, France. [F.]
honour n.
Esteem due or paid to worth; high estimation; respect; consideration; reverence; veneration; manifestation of respect or reverence. [OE. honor, honour, onour, onur, OF. honor, onor, honur, onur, honour, onour, F. honneur, fr. L. honor, honos.]
worthiness n.
The quality or state of being worthy; desert; merit; excellence; dignity; virtue; worth.
meanwhile n.
The intervening time; as, in the meantime (or mean time).
coronal a.
Of or pertaining to a corona (in any of the senses). [L. coronalis: cf. F. coronal.]
adore v. t.
To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French pr]
howsoever conj.
In what manner soever; to whatever degree or extent; however. [How + so + ever.]
safeguard n.
One who, or that which, defends or protects; defense; protection. [Safe = guard: cf. F. sauvegarde.]
defence n.
The act of defending, or the state of being defended; protection, as from violence or danger. [F. défense, OF. defense, fem., defens, masc., fr. L. defensa (cf. Fence.]
insight n.
A sight or view of the interior of anything; a deep inspection or view; introspection; -- frequently used with into.
thankful a.
Obtaining or deserving thanks; thankworthy. [AS. Þancfull.]
rightful a.
Righteous; upright; just; good; -- said of persons.
inheritor n.
One who inherits; an heir.
willingly adv.
In a willing manner; with free will; without reluctance; cheerfully.
deem v. t.
To decide; to judge; to sentence; to condemn. [OE. demen to judge, condemn, AS. d, fr. d doom; akin to OFries. d, OS. ad, D. doemen, OHG. tuommen, Icel. dæma, Sw. dömma, Dan. dömme, Goth. d. See Doom, n., an]
trivial a.
Found anywhere; common. [L. trivialis, properly, that is in, or belongs to, the crossroads or public streets; hence, that may be found everywhere, common, fr. trivium a place where thre]
viewless a.
Not perceivable by the eye; invisible; unseen.
circumfuse v. t.
To pour round; to spread round. [L. circumfusus, p. p. of circumfundere to pour around; circum + fundere to pour.]
dismal a.
Fatal; ill-omened; unlucky. [Formerly a noun; e. g., "I trow it was in the dismalle." Chaucer. Of uncertain origin; but perh. (as suggested by Skeat) from OF. disme, F. dîme, tithe, the phr]
ghost n.
The spirit; the soul of man. [OE. gast, gost, soul, spirit, AS. gast breath, spirit, soul; akin to OS. g spirit, soul, D. geest, G. geist, and prob. to E. gaze, ghastly.]
haply adv.
By hap, chance, luck, or accident; perhaps; it may be.
impotence n.
The quality or condition of being impotent; want of strength or power, animal, intellectual, or moral; weakness; feebleness; inability; imbecility. [L. impotenia inability, poverty, want of moderation. See Impotent.]
quaint a.
Prudent; wise; hence, crafty; artful; wily. [OE. queint, queynte, coint, prudent, wise, cunning, pretty, odd, OF. cointe cultivated, amiable, agreeable, neat, fr. L. cognitus known, p. p. of cognoscere to ]
plight v. t.
To weave; to braid; to fold; to plait. [OE. pliten; probably through Old French, fr. LL. plectare, L. plectere. See Plait, Ply.]
strewing n.
The act of scattering or spreading.
copse n.
A wood of small growth; a thicket of brushwood. See Coppice. [Contr. from coppice.]
clad v.
To clothe. Holland.
lustre n.
A period of five years; a lustrum. [L. lustrum: cf. F. lustre.]
inglorious a.
Not glorious; not bringing honor or glory; not accompanied with fame, honor, or celebrity; obscure; humble; as, an inglorious life of ease. [L. inglorious; pref. in- not + gloria glory, fame: cf. F. inglorieux. See Glory.]
instinctively adv.
In an instinctive manner; by force of instinct; by natural impulse.
fervent a.
Hot; glowing; boiling; burning; as, a fervent summer. [F. fervent, L. fervens, -entis. p.pr. of fervere o the boiling hot, to boil, glow.]
bounty n.
Goodness, kindness; virtue; worth. [OE. bounte goodness, kindness, F. bonté, fr. L. bonitas, fr. bonus good, for older duonus; cf. Skr. duvas honor, respect.]
centre v. i.
To be placed in a center; to be central.
sickliness n.
The quality or state of being sickly.
woodman n.
A forest officer appointed to take care of the king's woods; a forester. [Eng.]
nightly a.
Of or pertaining to the night, or to every night; happening or done by night, or every night; as, nightly shades; he kept nightly vigils.
disappointed a.
Defeated of expectation or hope; balked; as, a disappointed person or hope.
withering a.
Tending to wither; causing to shrink or fade.
shew n.
Show. [Obs. except in shewbread.]
wove
p. pr. & rare vb. n. of Weave.
beseem v. i.
To seem; to appear; to be fitting.
maturer n.
One who brings to maturity.
marge n.
Border; margin; edge; verge. [F. marge. See Margin.]
whoso pron.
Whosoever. Piers Plowman.
reposed a.
Composed; calm; tranquil; at rest.
albeit conj.
Even though; although; notwithstanding. [OE. al be although it be, where al is our all. Cf. Although.]
vale n.
A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
begirt v. t.
To encompass; to begird.
bustling a.
Agitated; noisy; tumultuous; characterized by confused activity; as, a bustling crowd.
colouring n.
The act of applying color to; also, that which produces color.
angry a.
Troublesome; vexatious; rigorous. [See Anger.]
misrule v. t.
To rule badly; to misgovern.
wherefore adv.
For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
gravely adv.
In a grave manner.
preceptress n.
A woman who is the principal of a school; a female teacher.
erewhile adv.
Some time ago; a little while before; heretofore.
amusement n.
Deep thought; muse. [Cf. F. amusement.]
harbour n.
A station for rest and entertainment; a place of security and comfort; a refuge; a shelter. [OE herbor, herberwe, herberge, Icel. herbergi (cf. OHG. heriberga), orig., a shelter for soldiers; herr army + bjarga to save, help, defend; akin to AS. here ar]
suburban a.
Of or pertaining to suburbs; inhabiting, or being in, the suburbs of a city. [L. suburbanus.]
sate v. t.
To satisfy the desire or appetite of; to satiate; to glut; to surfeit. [Probably shortened fr. satiate: cf. L. satus full. See Satiate.]
fairly adv.
In a fairmanner; clearly; openly; plainly; fully; distinctly; frankly.
aught n.
Property; possession. [AS. , fr. agan to own, p. p. ahte.]
curious a.
Difficult to please or satisfy; solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous; nice; exact. [OF. curios, curius, F. curieux, L. curiosus careful, inquisitive, fr. cura care. See Cure.]
haunted a.
Inhabited by, or subject to the visits of, apparitions; frequented by a ghost.
erelong adv.
Before the ere long.
massy a.
Compacted into, or consisting of, a mass; having bulk and weight ot substance; ponderous; bulky and heavy; weight; heavy; as, a massy shield; a massy rock.
awhile adv.
For a while; for some time; for a short time. [Adj. a + while time, interval.]
quickening n.
The act or process of making or of becoming quick.
boldly adv.
In a bold manner. [AS. bealdlice.]
ghostly a.
Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; spiritual; as, a ghostly confessor. [OE. gastlich, gostlich, AS. gastlic. See Ghost.]
veiled a.
Covered by, or as by, a veil; hidden.
emporium n.
A place of trade; a market place; a mart; esp., a city or town with extensive commerce; the commercial center of a country. [L., fr. Gr. In, and Empiric, Fare.]
teeming a.
Prolific; productive.
apprehensiveness n.
The quality or state of being apprehensive.
amplitude n.
State of being ample; extent of surface or space; largeness of dimensions; size. [L. amplitudo, fr. amplus: cf. F. amplitude. See Ample.]
delighted a.
Endowed with delight.
debasement n.
The act of debasing or the state of being debased.
feelingly adv.
In a feeling manner; pathetically; sympathetically.
induce v. t.
To lead in; to introduce. [L. inducere, inductum; pref. in- in + ducere to lead. See Duke, and cf. Induct.]
inviolate a.
Not violated; uninjured; unhurt; unbroken. [L. inviolatus. See In- not, and Violate.]
portentous a.
Of the nature of a portent; containing portents; foreschadowing, esp. foreschadowing ill; ominous. [L. portentosus.]
firmament n.
Fixed foundation; established basis. [L. firmamentum, fr. firmare to make firm: cf. F. firmament. See Firm, v. & a.]
fraught n.
A freight; a cargo. [OE.fraight, fraght; akin to Dan. fragt, Sw. frakt, D. vracht, G. fracht, cf. OHG. fr merit, reward; perh. from corresponding to E. for + The root of E. own. Cf.]
oftentimes adv.
Frequently; often; many times. [Often + time. Cf. -wards.]
affectingly adv.
In an affecting manner; is a manner to excite emotions.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Book Eight: Retrospect—Love of Nature Leading to Love of Man is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of William Wordsworth — Volume 3 (of 8), Project Gutenberg ebook #12383; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: William Wordsworth, Book Eight: Retrospect—Love of Nature Leading to Love of Man, in The Poetical Works, Volume III (1802–1815), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #12383, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/wordsworth-vol3/book-eight-retrospect-love-of-nature-leading-to-love-of-man.html, id L17440.

Form and metre

Book Eight: Retrospect—Love of Nature Leading to Love of Man is 689 lines in 18 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 85%). 92% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 53 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 52% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter, other poems in blank verse.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ----------------------------------A---A------B---B------------------- heard · air · power · crowd · green · thee · men · betimes · wives · interspersed · festival · that · vales · rest · ocean · mists · head · dwell · eagerly · noon · sheep · begun · voice · aloud · here · beg · too · arm · pins · again · visitant · rote · show · come · heA · hid · all · out · buyA · wares · round · ashamed · restlessly · day · content · pairB · gaze · brow · life · reappearB · sun · eve · prevail · young · immense · world · embraced · turf · seem · obstruct · dear · great · light · rocks · high · clouds · haunts · stir · abode
  2. 2 -----------------A-A------BB feel · world · owed · peace · heart · fair · trees · delight · composed · fabulous · toil · help · chosen · more · domes · dells · mounts · gondolasA · melt · huesA · chase · forth · strong · side · birds · all · enrichedB · asleepB
  3. 4 -----------------------------A---A---------------------------- bowers · great · place · images · weeks · earth · man · regard · heart · help · led · partake · self · heart · most · tasks · adorned · first · wilds · lives · day · age · fastnesses · themselves · renowned · driven · fortunes · woods · shade · hoursA · ganymede · florizel · king · isA · seen · far · flocks · rhymes · doors · remembered · decked · youths · up · troops · well · survives · grow · dropped · ways · upon · life · needs · felt · distress · forms · make · free · tales · times · rocks · streams · monuments
  4. 5 --------------------------------------------------------------A--A-------------------------------------B---B--------------------------------C---C---D--D---------------- time · banks · less · shores · herd · rites · stream · lived · brows · heard · rocks · harm · mature · tract · wild · serene · framed · expanse · groves · plain · there · lawn · bay · large · home · abides · hear · love · far · space · have · hours · task · bowl · finds · will · life · walls · renewed · champaign · west · verge · you · vales · voice · seize · streams · winds · treads · solitudes · long · approach · drives · bears · ways · nourishment · spring · lambs · climbs · leads · track · home · sunA · heat · rock · stolenA · time · love · feet · flowers · enwrought · morn · hies · spear · crag · streams · call · does · feels · lies · hope · interchanged · dear · thus · domain · power · god · solitude · there · days · hills · eyes · steps · fog · stepped · shadow · glorified · sun · sky · sublime · cross · rock · man · sightB · introduced · reverence · form · delightB · worthiness · almost · far · form · lives · hour · midst · man · learned · rest · fear · it · felt · appearances · youth · man · pore · things · shape · block · made · god · so · eyes · purified · fit · degree · led · otherwise · good · found · live · hereC · life · privilege · looked · fairC · thus · defence · cares · inD · world · point · beganD · kind · soul · good · her · eyes · year · walk · intercourse · life · contempts · think · lord · heaven · mind · rise · heart
  5. 6 A------A-A--AB----B------ meA · eminent · time · pursuits · all · drooped · prized · bA · less · cA · regards · forms · sheA · loveB · delight · grace · then · attuned · loveB · observed · obeisances · now · these · vain · end
  6. 7 ----A---A---BC-DCD-------B- faculty · severe · soul · call · eA · art · came · life · eA · beautified · turn · power · grewB · thenC · ghost · ornamentD · thenC · pointD · found · blow · steps · slept · pain · mind · there · throughB · tears
  7. 8 -----------A---A----------------------------------------BB---------------------------- pursue · one · stem · bells · last · seemed · grass · seat · still · fall · ones · plightA · hands · lay · slope · lightA · smote · seen · rose · hearth · long · gazed · itself · shield · lay · wood · cave · rock · disenchant · spot · mood · bred · g · turned · then · swarm · rich · grand · distinct · revolved · once · controlled · bred · i · dreams · things · harm · disease · ground · wise · love · wrong · man · retired · knew · airs · beautifulB · pileB · ghost · flight · point · tale · shew · wove · boy · call · beseem · years · boughs · k · glides · moves · shade · light · reposed · ridge · thoughts · heart · close · you · look · vale · gleam · power · sheds · rose
  8. 14 ---------------------A----ABBB times · severe · return · flowers · satisfied · look · then · detect · there · indulge · day · labyrinth · first · roof · sate · forms · things · instant · said · strange · mind · wasA · descend · no · power · feel · pauseA · wentB · dwellsB · divineB
  9. 15 --A-------B------A------B---CC day · cave · denA · witch · vault · sees · head · recedes · all · canopy · shapeB · interchange · sublime · less · gone · view · book · againA · first · fast · mass · forms · forth · cavities · shapeB · mail · monk · staff · meetC · inspireC
  10. 16 AA--B-B movedA · movedA · metropolis · world's · onceB · home · residenceB
  11. 17 --A--B--------B--A-- did · needs · timeA · came · power · derivedB · apprehensiveness · itself · me · mind · youth · felt · love · spirit · derivedB · erect · rest · sublimeA · drawn · record
  12. 18 --------------------------------------------A-A----------------------- land · rome · narratives · life · incidents · less · used · circumstance · sense · done · still · thought · by · return · power · place · wilds · nursed · rocks · lakes · crags · wind · found · here · command · require · march · views · guilt · mind · sight · scanned · trust · belief · taught · conceits · dreams · turned · divine · inviolate · gloom · aroused · paradise · saw · lightA · drew · whiteA · fraught · multitudes · seen · elsewhere · man · vice · hearts · eye · thus · whencesoe'er · feeds · god · friend · drawn · ill · on · s · help · no · hers · love · compared · lay
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
What sounds are those, Helvellyn, that are heard10··········
Up to thy summit, through the depth of air10···/˘·····
Ascending, as if distance had the power11˘/˘··/˘··/˘
To make the sounds more audible? What crowd10·····/˘˘··
Covers, or sprinkles o'er, yon village green?10/˘·/˘··/˘·
Crowd seems it, solitary hill! to thee,10···/˘·˘···
Though but a little family of men,10···/˘/˘˘··
Shepherds and tillers of the ground--betimes10/˘·/˘·····
Assembled with their children and their wives,10˘/˘··/˘···
And here and there a stranger interspersed.10·····/˘·˘/
They hold a rustic fair--a festival,10···/˘··/˘˘
Such as, on this side now, and now on that,10··········
Repeated through his tributary vales,10˘/˘··/˘·˘·
Helvellyn, in the silence of his rest,10·····/˘···
Sees annually, if clouds towards either ocean10·/˘˘···/˘/
Blown from their favourite resting-place, or mists11······/˘···
Dissolved, have left him an unshrouded head.10˘/········
Delightful day it is for all who dwell10˘/˘·······
In this secluded glen, and eagerly10··˘/˘··/˘˘
They give it welcome. Long ere heat of noon,10···/˘·····
From byre or field the kine were brought; the sheep10·/········
Are penned in cotes; the chaffering is begun.11·········˘/
The heifer lows, uneasy at the voice10·/˘·˘/˘···
Of a new master; bleat the flocks aloud.10···/˘···˘/
Booths are there none; a stall or two is here;10··········
A lame man or a blind, the one to beg,10··········
The other to make music; hither, too,10·/˘··/˘/˘·
From far, with basket, slung upon her arm,10···/˘·····
Of hawker's wares--books, pictures, combs, and pins--10·/˘··/˘···
Some aged woman finds her way again,9··/˘···˘/
Year after year, a punctual visitant!11·····/˘˘/˘˘
There also stands a speech-maker by rote,10·/˘···/˘··
Pulling the strings of his boxed raree-show;10/˘········
And in the lapse of many years may come10·····/˘···
Prouder itinerant, mountebank, or he10/˘/˘˘/˘˘··
Whose wonders in a covered wain lie hid.10·/˘··/˘···
But one there is, the loveliest of them all,11···········
Some sweet lass of the valley, looking out10·····/˘/˘·
For gains, and who that sees her would not buy?10··········
Fruits of her father's orchard, are her wares,10···/˘/˘···
And with the ruddy produce, she walks round10···/˘/˘···
Among the crowd, half pleased with, half ashamed10········˘/
Of her new office, blushing restlessly.10···/˘/˘/˘˘
The children now are rich, for the old to-day11·/˘········
Are generous as the young; and, if content11·/˘˘·····/˘
With looking on, some ancient wedded pair10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Sit in the shade together, while they gaze,10····˘/˘···
"A cheerful smile unbends the wrinkled brow,10·/˘··/·/˘·
The days departed start again to life,10··˘/˘·˘/··
And all the scenes of childhood reappear,10·····/··˘/
Faint, but more tranquil, like the changing sun10···/˘··/˘·
To him who slept at noon and wakes at eve."10··········
Thus gaiety and cheerfulness prevail,10·/˘˘·/˘˘˘/
Spreading from young to old, from old to young,10/˘········
And no one seems to want his share.--Immense10········˘/
Is the recess, the circumambient world10··˘/······
Magnificent, by which they are embraced:10˘/˘˘····˘/
They move about upon the soft green turf:10··········
How little they, they and their doings, seem,10·/˘····/˘·
And all that they can further or obstruct!10·····/˘·˘/
Through utter weakness pitiably dear,9·/˘/˘····
As tender infants are: and yet how great!10·/˘/˘·····
For all things serve them: them the morning light10·······/˘·
Loves, as it glistens on the silent rocks;10···/˘··/˘·
And them the silent rocks, which now from high10···/˘·····
Look down upon them; the reposing clouds;10······/·˘·
The wild brooks prattling from invisible haunts;10···/˘·˘/˘·
And old Helvellyn, conscious of the stir10·····/˘···
Which animates this day their calm abode.10·/˘·····˘/
With deep devotion, Nature, did I feel,10··˘/˘/˘···
In that enormous City's turbulent world10··˘/˘/˘/˘·
Of men and things, what benefit I owed10·····/˘˘··
To thee, and those domains of rural peace,10····˘/·/˘·
Where to the sense of beauty first my heart10·····/˘···
Was opened; tract more exquisitely fair10·/˘···/˘˘·
Than that famed paradise often thousand trees,11···/˘·/˘/˘·
Or Gehol's matchless gardens, for delight10···/˘/˘·˘/
Of the Tartarian dynasty composed10··˘/˘˘/˘˘/
(Beyond that mighty wall, not fabulous,10···/˘··/˘˘
China's stupendous mound) by patient toil10/˘˘/˘··/˘·
Of myriads and boon nature's lavish help;10·/˘··/˘/˘·
There, in a clime from widest empire chosen,11·····/˘/˘/˘
Fulfilling (could enchantment have done more?)10˘/˘·˘/˘···
A sumptuous dream of flowery lawns, with domes10·/˘··/˘···
Of pleasure sprinkled over, shady dells10·/˘/˘··/˘·
For eastern monasteries, sunny mounts10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
With temples crested, bridges, gondolas,10·/˘/˘/˘/˘˘
Rocks, dens, and groves of foliage taught to melt10·····/˘···
Into each other their obsequious hues,10···/˘·˘/˘·
Vanished and vanishing in subtle chase,10/˘·/˘˘·/˘·
Too fine to be pursued; or standing forth10····˘/·/˘·
In no discordant opposition, strong10··˘/˘·˘/˘·
And gorgeous as the colours side by side10·/˘··/˘···
Bedded among rich plumes of tropic birds;10/˘·····/˘·
And mountains over all, embracing all;10·/˘···˘/˘·
And all the landscape, endlessly enriched10···/·/˘˘˘/
With waters running, falling, or asleep.10·/˘/˘/˘·˘/
But lovelier far than this, the paradise11········/˘·
Where I was reared; in Nature's primitive gifts10·····/˘/˘·
Favoured no less, and more to every sense10/˘·····/˘·
Delicious, seeing that the sun and sky,10˘/˘/˘·····
The elements, and seasons as they change,10·/˘˘·/˘···
Do find a worthy fellow-labourer there--11···/˘/˘····
Man free, man working for himself, with choice10···/˘·˘/··
Of time, and place, and object; by his wants,10·····/˘···
His comforts, native occupations, cares,10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
Cheerfully led to individual ends10/˘···˘/˘˘·
Or social, and still followed by a train10·/˘··/˘···
Unwooed, unthought-of even--simplicity,10····/˘˘/˘˘
And beauty, and inevitable grace.10·/˘·˘/˘˘˘·
Yea, when a glimpse of those imperial bowers10······˘/˘/
Would to a child be transport over-great,10·····˘/···
When but a half-hour's roam through such a place10····/·····
Would leave behind a dance of images,10·······/˘˘
That shall break in upon his sleep for weeks;10··········
Even then the common haunts of the green earth,10/··/˘·····
And ordinary interests of man,9·/˘·˘/˘··
Which they embosom, all without regard10··˘/˘···˘/
As both may seem, are fastening on the heart10·····/˘···
Insensibly, each with the other's help.10˘/˘˘···/˘·
For me, when my affections first were led10····˘/˘···
From kindred, friends, and playmates, to partake10·/˘··/··˘/
Love for the human creature's absolute self,11···/˘/˘/˘··
That noticeable kindliness of heart10·/˘˘˘/˘˘··
Sprang out of fountains, there abounding most10···/˘·˘/˘·
Where sovereign Nature dictated the tasks10·/˘/˘/·˘··
And occupations which her beauty adorned,11··˘/˘··/˘˘/
And Shepherds were the men that pleased me first;10·/˘·······
Not such as Saturn ruled 'mid Latian wilds,10···/˘··/˘·
With arts and laws so tempered, that their lives10·····/˘···
Left, even to us toiling in this late day,10·/··/˘····
A bright tradition of the golden age;10··˘/˘··/˘·
Not such as, 'mid Arcadian fastnesses11·····/˘˘/˘˘
Sequestered, handed down among themselves10˘/˘/˘···˘/
Felicity, in Grecian song renowned;10˘/˘˘·/˘·˘/
Nor such as--when an adverse fate had driven,11·····/···/˘
From house and home, the courtly band whose fortunes11·····/˘··/˘
Entered, with Shakespeare's genius, the wild woods10/˘·/·/˘···
Of Arden--amid sunshine or in shade,10·/˘˘//····
Culled the best fruits of Time's uncounted hours,11·······/˘/˘
Ere Phoebe sighed for the false Ganymede;10·/˘····/˘·
Or there where Perdita and Florizel10···˘/˘····
Together danced, Queen of the feast, and King;10˘/˘·······
Nor such as Spenser fabled. True it is,10···/˘/˘···
That I had heard (what he perhaps had seen)10······˘/··
Of maids at sunrise bringing in from far10···/·/˘···
Their May-bush , and along the streets in flocks10····˘/····
Parading with a song of taunting rhymes,10˘/˘····/˘·
Aimed at the laggards slumbering within doors;10···/˘/˘···
Had also heard, from those who yet remembered,11·/˘·····˘/˘
Tales of the May-pole dance, and wreaths that decked10··········
Porch, door-way, or kirk-pillar; and of youths,10·····/˘···
Each with his maid, before the sun was up,10··········
By annual custom, issuing forth in troops,10·/˘/˘/˘···
To drink the waters of some sainted well,10···/˘··/˘·
And hang it round with garlands. Love survives;10·····/˘·˘/
But, for such purpose, flowers no longer grow:10···/˘/·/˘·
The times, too sage, perhaps too proud, have dropped10····˘/····
These lighter graces; and the rural ways10·/˘/˘··/˘·
And manners which my childhood looked upon10·/˘··/····
Were the unluxuriant produce of a life11······˘/···
Intent on little but substantial needs,10˘/·/˘·˘/˘·
Yet rich in beauty, beauty that was felt.10···/˘/˘···
But images of danger and distress,10·/˘˘·/˘·˘/
Man suffering among awful Powers and Forms;10·/˘··/˘/··
Of this I heard, and saw enough to make10······˘/··
Imagination restless; nor was free10˘·˘/˘/˘···
Myself from frequent perils; nor were tales10·/·/˘/˘···
Wanting,--the tragedies of former times,10/˘·/˘˘·/˘·
Hazards and strange escapes, of which the rocks10/˘··˘/····
Immutable and overflowing streams,10˘/˘˘·/˘·˘·
Where'er I roamed, were speaking monuments.11˘˘/···/˘/˘˘
Smooth life had flock and shepherd in old time,10·····/˘···
Long springs and tepid winters, on the banks10···/˘/˘···
Of delicate Galesus ; and no less10·/˘˘······
Those scattered along Adria's myrtle shores:10·/˘˘//˘/˘·
Smooth life had herdsman, and his snow-white herd10··········
To triumphs and to sacrificial rites10·/˘···˘/˘·
Devoted, on the inviolable stream10˘/˘··˘/˘˘·
Of rich Clitumnus ; and the goat-herd lived10··········
As calmly, underneath the pleasant brows10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
Of cool Lucretilis , where the pipe was heard11···········
Of Pan, Invisible God, thrilling the rocks10··˘/˘·/˘··
With tutelary music, from all harm10·····/˘···
The fold protecting. I myself, mature10··˘/˘··/˘/
In manhood then, have seen a pastoral tract10·/·····/˘·
Like one of these, where Fancy might run wild,10·····/˘···
Though under skies less generous, less serene:10·····/˘·˘/
There, for her own delight had Nature framed10····˘/·/˘·
A pleasure-ground, diffused a fair expanse10·/˘·˘/··˘/
Of level pasture, islanded with groves10·/˘/˘/˘˘··
And banked with woody risings; but the Plain10···/˘/˘···
Endless, here opening widely out, and there10/˘·/˘/˘···
Shut up in lesser lakes or beds of lawn10···/˘·····
And intricate recesses, creek or bay10·/˘˘/˘˘···
Sheltered within a shelter, where at large10/˘···/˘···
The shepherd strays, a rolling hut his home.10·/˘··/˘···
Thither he comes with spring-time, there abides10/˘······˘/
All summer, and at sunrise ye may hear10·/˘··/····
His flageolet to liquid notes of love10··˘/·/˘···
Attuned, or sprightly fife resounding far.10˘/·/˘·˘/˘·
Nook is there none, nor tract of that vast space10··········
Where passage opens, but the same shall have10·/˘/˘·····
In turn its visitant, telling there his hours11···/˘˘/˘··/
In unlaborious pleasure, with no task10·····/˘···
More toilsome than to carve a beechen bowl10·/˘····/˘·
For spring or fountain, which the traveller finds,10···/˘··/˘·
When through the region he pursues at will10···/˘·˘/··
His devious course. A glimpse of such sweet life10·/˘·······
I saw when, from the melancholy walls10·····/˘·˘·
Of Goslar, once imperial, I renewed10····˘/˘·˘/
My daily walk along that wide champaign,10·/˘·˘/··˘/
That, reaching to her gates, spreads east and west,10·/˘·······
And northwards, from beneath the mountainous verge10·/˘····/˘·
Of the Hercynian forest, Yet, hail to you12··˘/˘˘/˘····
Moors, mountains, headlands, and ye hollow vales,10·/˘····/˘·
Ye long deep channels for the Atlantic's voice,11···/˘··˘/˘·
Powers of my native region! Ye that seize10/··/˘/˘···
The heart with firmer grasp! Your snows and streams10···/˘·····
Ungovernable, and your terrifying winds,10˘/˘··/˘·˘·
That howl so dismally for him who treads10···/˘˘····
Companionless your awful solitudes!10˘/˘˘·/˘/˘·
There, 'tis the shepherd's task the winter long10···/˘··/˘·
To wait upon the storms: of their approach10········˘/
Sagacious, into sheltering coves he drives10˘/˘··/˘···
His flock, and thither from the homestead bears10···/˘··/··
A toilsome burden up the craggy ways,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
And deals it out, their regular nourishment11·····/˘˘/˘˘
Strewn on the frozen snow. And when the spring10···/˘·····
Looks out, and all the pastures dance with lambs,10·····/˘···
And when the flock, with warmer weather, climbs10·····/˘/˘·
Higher and higher, him his office leads10/˘·/˘··/˘·
To watch their goings, whatsoever track10···/˘·˘/˘·
The wanderers choose. For this he quits his home10·/˘·······
At day-spring, and no sooner doth the sun10·····/˘···
Begin to strike him with a fire-like heat,10˘/·····/··
Than he lies down upon some shining rock,10·······/˘·
And breakfasts with his dog. When they have stolen,11·/˘······/˘
As is their wont, a pittance from strict time,10·····/˘···
For rest not needed or exchange of love,10···/˘·˘/··
Then from his couch he starts; and now his feet10··········
Crush out a livelier fragrance from the flowers10···/˘/˘··/
Of lowly thyme, by Nature's skill enwrought10·/˘··/˘···
In the wild turf: the lingering dews of morn10·····/˘···
Smoke round him, as from hill to hill he hies,10··········
His staff protending like a hunter's spear,10·······/˘·
Or by its aid leaping from crag to crag,10····/˘····
And o'er the brawling beds of unbridged streams.10···/˘·····
Philosophy, methinks, at Fancy's call,10˘/˘˘˘/·/˘·
Might deign to follow him through what he does10···/˘·····
Or sees in his day's march; himself he feels,10······˘/··
In those vast regions where his service lies,10···/˘··/˘·
A freeman, wedded to his life of hope10·/˘/˘·····
And hazard, and hard labour interchanged10·/˘··/··˘/
With that majestic indolence so dear10··˘/˘/˘˘··
To native man. A rambling school-boy, thus10·/˘··/˘···
I felt his presence in his own domain,10···/˘···˘/
As of a lord and master, or a power,11·····/˘··/˘
Or genius, under Nature, under God,10·/˘··/˘···
Presiding; and severest solitude10˘/˘·˘/˘/˘·
Had more commanding looks when he was there.10··˘/˘·····
When up the lonely brooks on rainy days10···/˘··/˘·
Angling I went, or trod the trackless hills10/˘·····/˘·
By mists bewildered, suddenly mine eyes10··˘/˘/˘˘··
Have glanced upon him distant a few steps,10·····/˘···
In size a giant, stalking through thick fog,10···/˘/˘···
His sheep like Greenland bears; or, as he stepped10···/˘·····
Beyond the boundary line of some hill-shadow,11···/˘····/·
His form hath flashed upon me, glorified10·······/˘·
By the deep radiance of the setting sun:10···/˘··/˘·
Or him have I descried in distant sky,9······/˘·
A solitary object and sublime,10·/˘·˘/˘·˘/
Above all height! like an aerial cross10······/˘˘·
Stationed alone upon a spiry rock10/˘˘/···/˘·
Of the Chartreuse, for worship. Thus was man10··˘/·/˘···
Ennobled outwardly before my sight,10˘/˘/˘˘····
And thus my heart was early introduced10·····/˘·˘/
To an unconscious love and reverence10···/˘··/˘˘
Of human nature; hence the human form10·/˘/˘··/˘·
To me became an index of delight,10··˘/·/˘·˘/
Of grace and honour, power and worthiness.11···/˘/˘·/˘˘
Meanwhile this creature--spiritual almost10/··/˘/˘˘/·
As those of books, but more exalted far;10······˘/˘·
Far more of an imaginative form10····˘/˘˘˘·
Than the gay Corin of the groves, who lives10··········
For his own fancies, or to dance by the hour,11···/˘·····/
In coronal, with Phyllis in the midst--10·/˘˘·/˘···
Was, for the purposes of kind, a man10···/˘˘····
With the most common; husband, father; learned,10···/˘/˘/˘·
Could teach, admonish; suffered with the rest10··˘/˘/˘···
From vice and folly, wretchedness and fear;10···/˘/˘˘··
Of this I little saw, cared less for it,10···/˘·····
But something must have felt.6·/˘···
Call ye these appearances7···˘/˘˘
Which I beheld of shepherds in my youth,10··˘/·/˘···
This sanctity of Nature given to man,10·/˘˘·/˘/··
A shadow, a delusion? ye who pore10·/··˘/˘···
On the dead letter, miss the spirit of things;10···/˘··/··
Whose truth is not a motion or a shape10·····/˘···
Instinct with vital functions, but a block10/˘·/˘/˘···
Or waxen image which yourselves have made,10·/˘/˘·˘/··
And ye adore! But blessed be the God10··˘/··˘···
Of Nature and of Man that this was so;10·/˘·······
That men before my inexperienced eyes10·····˘˘/˘·
Did first present themselves thus purified,10··˘/˘/·/˘·
Removed, and to a distance that was fit:10˘/···/˘···
And so we all of us in some degree10········˘/
Are led to knowledge, wheresoever led,10···/˘·····
And howsoever; were it otherwise,9······/˘·
And we found evil fast as we find good10···/˘·····
In our first years, or think that it is found,10·/········
How could the innocent heart bear up and live!10···/˘·····
But doubly fortunate my lot; not here10·/˘/˘˘····
Alone, that something of a better life10˘/·/˘··/˘·
Perhaps was round me than it is the privilege11˘/·······/˘
Of most to move in, but that first I looked10··········
At Man through objects that were great or fair;10···/˘·····
First communed with him by their help. And thus10·/˘·······
Was founded a sure safeguard and defence10·/˘··/··˘/
Against the weight of meanness, selfish cares,10·····/˘/˘·
Coarse manners, vulgar passions, that beat in10·/˘/˘/˘···
On all sides from the ordinary world10·····/˘·˘·
In which we traffic. Starting from this point10···/˘/˘···
I had my face turned toward the truth, began11·········˘/
With an advantage furnished by that kind10··˘/˘/˘···
Of prepossession, without which the soul10··········
Receives no knowledge that can bring forth good,10˘/·/˘·····
No genuine insight ever comes to her.10·//·/·/···
From the restraint of over-watchful eyes10··˘/···/˘·
Preserved, I moved about, year after year,10˘/········
Happy, a and now most thankful that my walk11/˘····/˘···
Was guarded from too early intercourse10·/˘··/˘/˘·
With the deformities of crowded life,10··˘/˘˘·/˘·
And those ensuing laughters and contempts,10··/˘˘/˘·˘/
Self-pleasing, which, if we would wish to think10·/˘·······
With a due reverence on earth's rightful lord,10···/˘··/˘·
Here placed to be the inheritor of heaven,10·····˘/˘·/
Will not permit us; but pursue the mind,10··˘/··˘/··
That to devotion willingly would rise,10··˘/˘/˘˘··
Into the temple and the temple's heart.10···/˘··/˘·
Yet deem not, Friend! that human kind with me10·····/˘···
Thus early took a place pre-eminent;10·/˘····/˘˘
Nature herself was, at this unripe time,10/˘˘/···˘/·
But secondary to my own pursuits10·/˘·˘···˘/
And animal activities, and all10·/˘˘˘/˘˘··
Their trivial pleasures; b and when these had drooped11·/˘/˘······
And gradually expired, and Nature, prized10·/˘˘˘/·/˘·
For her own sake, became my joy, even then--b11····˘/··/··
And upwards through late youth, until not less10·/˘·······
Than two-and-twenty summers had been told--c11···/˘/˘····
Was Man in my affections and regards10····˘/˘·˘/
Subordinate to her, her visible forms10˘/˘····/˘·
And viewless agencies: a passion, she,10·/˘/˘˘·/˘·
A rapture often, and immediate love10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
Ever at hand; he, only a delight10/˘···/˘·˘/
Occasional, an accidental grace,10˘/˘˘··˘/˘·
His hour being not yet come. Far less had then10·//·······
The inferior creatures, beast or bird, attuned11·˘/˘/˘···˘/
My spirit to that gentleness of love10·/˘··/˘˘··
(Though they had long been carefully observed),10·····/˘˘˘/
Won from me those minute obeisances10····/˘····
Of tenderness, d which I may number now10·/˘····/˘·
With my first blessings. Nevertheless, on these10···/˘·˘/··
The light of beauty did not fall in vain,10···/˘·····
Or grandeur circumfuse them to no end.10·˘/·······
But when that first poetic faculty10····˘/˘/˘˘
Of plain Imagination and severe,10··˘·˘/˘·˘/
No longer a mute influence of the soul,10·/˘··/˘···
Ventured, at some rash Muse's earnest call,10/˘···/˘/˘·
To try her strength among harmonious words; e11······˘/˘··
And to book-notions and the rules of art10···/˘·····
Did knowingly conform itself; there came10·/˘˘˘/˘/··
Among the simple shapes of human life10···/˘··/˘·
A wilfulness of fancy and conceit; e11·····/˘·˘/·
And Nature and her objects beautified9·/˘··/˘··
These fictions, as in some sort, in their turn,10·/˘·······
They burnished her. From touch of this new power11·/˘······/˘
Nothing was safe: the elder-tree that grew10/˘···/˘···
Beside the well-known charnel-house had then10˘/···/˘···
A dismal look: the yew-tree had its ghost,10·/˘·······
That took his station there for ornament:10···/˘··/˘˘
The dignities of plain occurrence then10·/˘˘··˘/˘·
Were tasteless, and truth's golden mean, a point10·/˘··/˘···
Where no sufficient pleasure could be found.10··˘/˘/˘···
Then, if a widow, staggering with the blow10···/˘/˘···
Of her distress, was known to have turned her steps11··˘/·······
To the cold grave in which her husband slept,10·······/˘·
One night, or haply more than one, through pain10···/˘·····
Or half-insensate impotence of mind,10··˘/˘/˘˘··
The fact was caught at greedily, and there10·····/˘˘··
She must be visitant the whole year through,10···/˘˘····
Wetting the turf with never-ending tears.10/˘···/˘/˘·
Through quaint obliquities I might pursue9·······˘/
These cravings; when the fox-glove, one by one,10·/˘·······
Upwards through every stage of the tall stem,10/˘·/˘·····
Had shed beside the public way its bells,10··˘/·/˘···
And stood of all dismantled, save the last10····˘/˘···
Left at the tapering ladder's top, that seemed10···/˘/˘···
To bend as doth a slender blade of grass10·····/˘···
Tipped with a rain-drop, Fancy loved to seat,10·····/˘···

The first 400 of 689 lines; the reader marks them all.

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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