Wherefore?

Ella Wheeler Wilcox (1850–1919) · 1883

iambic pentameter · ABABCDCD · 24 lines · from Poems of Passion

Wherefore in dreams are sorrows borne anew,A healed wound opened, or the past revived?Last night in my deep sleep I dreamed of you;Again the old love woke in me, and thrivedOn looks of fire, and kisses, and sweet wordsLike silver waters purling in a stream,Or like the amorous melodies of birds:A dream--a dream!

Again upon the glory of the sceneThere settled that dread shadow of the crossThat, when hearts love too well, falls in between;That warns them of impending woe and loss.Again I saw you drifting from my life,As barques are rudely parted in a stream;Again my heart was torn with awful strife:A dream--a dream!

Again the deep night settled on me there,Alone I groped, and heard strange waters roll,Lost in that blackness of supreme despairThat comes but once to any living soul.Alone, afraid, I called your name aloud--Mine eyes, unveiled, beheld white stars agleam,And lo! awake, I cried, "Thank God, thank God!A dream--a dream!"

Words in this poem

wherefore adv.
For which reason; so; -- used relatively. [Where + for.]
purling n.
The motion of a small stream running among obstructions; also, the murmur it makes in so doing. [See 3d Purl.]
strife n.
The act of striving; earnest endeavor. [OF. estrif. See Strive.]
aloud adv.
With a loud voice, or great noise; loudly; audibly. [Pref. a- + loud.]
agleam adv.
Gleaming; as, faces agleam. Lowell. [Pref. a- + gleam.]
thank n.
A expression of gratitude; an acknowledgment expressive of a sense of favor or kindness received; obligation, claim, or desert, or gratitude; -- now generally used in the plural. [AS. Þanc, Þonc, thanks, favor, thought; akin to OS. thank favor, pleasure, thanks, D. & G. dank thanks, Icel. Þ\'94kk, Dan. tak, Sw. tack, Goth. Þagks thanks; -]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Wherefore? is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems of Passion, Project Gutenberg ebook #16776; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Ella Wheeler Wilcox, Wherefore?, in Poems of Passion (1883), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #16776, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/wilcox-passion/wherefore.html, id L22155.

Form and metre

Wherefore? is 24 lines in 3 stanzas of 8 lines each. The rhyme scheme is ABABCDCD, complete in 2 of its 3 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%).

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABABCDCD anewA · revivedB · youA · thrivedB · wordsC · streamD · birdsC · dreamD
  2. 2 ABABCDCD sceneA · crossB · betweenA · lossB · lifeC · streamD · strifeC · dreamD
  3. 3 ABAB-C-C thereA · rollB · despairA · soulB · aloud · agleamC · god · dreamC
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
Wherefore in dreams are sorrows borne anew,10/˘···/˘·˘/
A healed wound opened, or the past revived?10···/˘···˘/
Last night in my deep sleep I dreamed of you;10··········
Again the old love woke in me, and thrived10˘/········
On looks of fire, and kisses, and sweet words10···/·/˘···
Like silver waters purling in a stream,10·/˘/˘/˘···
Or like the amorous melodies of birds:10···/˘/˘˘··
A dream--a dream!4····
Again upon the glory of the scene10˘/···/˘···
There settled that dread shadow of the cross10·/˘··/····
That, when hearts love too well, falls in between;10··········
That warns them of impending woe and loss.10····˘/˘···
Again I saw you drifting from my life,10˘/···/˘···
As barques are rudely parted in a stream;10···/˘/˘···
Again my heart was torn with awful strife:10˘/·····/˘·
A dream--a dream!4····
Again the deep night settled on me there,10˘/···/˘···
Alone I groped, and heard strange waters roll,10˘/·····/˘·
Lost in that blackness of supreme despair10···/˘·˘/˘/
That comes but once to any living soul.10·····/˘/˘·
Alone, afraid, I called your name aloud--10˘/˘/····˘/
Mine eyes, unveiled, beheld white stars agleam,10··˘/˘/··˘/
And lo! awake, I cried, "Thank God, thank God!10··˘/······
A dream--a dream!"4····

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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