So Long!
I remember I said before my leaves sprang at all,I would raise my voice jocund and strong with reference to consummations.
When America does what was promis’d,When through these States walk a hundred millions of superb persons,When the rest part away for superb persons and contribute to them,When breeds of the most perfect mothers denote America,Then to me and mine our due fruition.
I have press’d through in my own right,I have sung the body and the soul, war and peace have I sung, andthe songs of life and death,And the songs of birth, and shown that there are many births.
I have offer’d my style to every one, I have journey’d with confident step;While my pleasure is yet at the full I whisper So long!And take the young woman’s hand and the young man’s hand for the last time.
I announce natural persons to arise,I announce justice triumphant,I announce uncompromising liberty and equality,I announce the justification of candor and the justification of pride.
I announce that the identity of these States is a single identity only,I announce the Union more and more compact, indissoluble,I announce splendors and majesties to make all the previous politicsof the earth insignificant.
I announce adhesiveness, I say it shall be limitless, unloosen’d,I say you shall yet find the friend you were looking for.
I announce a man or woman coming, perhaps you are the one, (So long!)I announce the great individual, fluid as Nature, chaste,affectionate, compassionate, fully arm’d.
I announce a life that shall be copious, vehement, spiritual, bold,I announce an end that shall lightly and joyfully meet its translation.
I announce myriads of youths, beautiful, gigantic, sweet-blooded,I announce a race of splendid and savage old men.
O thicker and faster--(So long!)O crowding too close upon me,I foresee too much, it means more than I thought,It appears to me I am dying.
Hasten throat and sound your last,Salute me--salute the days once more. Peal the old cry once more.
Screaming electric, the atmosphere using,At random glancing, each as I notice absorbing,Swiftly on, but a little while alighting,Curious envelop’d messages delivering,Sparkles hot, seed ethereal down in the dirt dropping,Myself unknowing, my commission obeying, to question it never daring,To ages and ages yet the growth of the seed leaving,To troops out of the war arising, they the tasks I have setpromulging,To women certain whispers of myself bequeathing, their affectionme more clearly explaining,To young men my problems offering--no dallier I--I the muscle oftheir brains trying,So I pass, a little time vocal, visible, contrary,Afterward a melodious echo, passionately bent for, (death makingme really undying,)The best of me then when no longer visible, for toward that I havebeen incessantly preparing.
What is there more, that I lag and pause and crouch extended withunshut mouth?Is there a single final farewell?My songs cease, I abandon them,From behind the screen where I hid I advance personally solely to you.
Camerado, this is no book,Who touches this touches a man,(Is it night? are we here together alone?)It is I you hold and who holds you,I spring from the pages into your arms--decease calls me forth.
O how your fingers drowse me,Your breath falls around me like dew, your pulse lulls the tympansof my ears,I feel immerged from head to foot,Delicious, enough.
Enough O deed impromptu and secret,Enough O gliding present--enough O summ’d-up past.
Dear friend whoever you are take this kiss,I give it especially to you, do not forget me,I feel like one who has done work for the day to retire awhile,I receive now again of my many translations, from my avatarasascending, while others doubtless await me,An unknown sphere more real than I dream’d, more direct, dartsawakening rays about me, So long!Remember my words, I may again return,I love you, I depart from materials,I am as one disembodied, triumphant, dead.
Words in this poem 26
- jocund
- Merry; cheerful; gay; airy; lively; sportive. [L. jocundus, jucundus, orig., helpful, fr. juvare to help. See Aid.]
- superb a.
- Grand; magnificent; august; stately; as, a superb edifice; a superb colonnade. [F. superbe, L. superbus, fr. super over. See Super-.]
- fruition n.
- Use or possession of anything, especially such as is accompanied with pleasure or satisfaction; pleasure derived from possession or use. [OF. fruition, L. fruitio, enjoyment, fr. L. frui, p. p. fruitus, to use or enjoy. See Fruit, n.]
- uncompromising a.
- Not admitting of compromise; making no truce or concessions; obstinate; unyielding; inflexible.
- candor n.
- Whiteness; brightness; (as applied to moral conditions) usullied purity; innocence. [L. candor, fr. candëre; cf. F. candeur. See candid.]
- indissoluble a.
- Not dissoluble; not capable of being dissolved, melted, or liquefied; insoluble; as few substances are indissoluble by heat, but many are indissoluble in water. Boyle. [L. indissolubilis: cf. F. indissoluble. See In- not, and Dissoluble, and cf. Indissolvable.]
- adhesiveness n.
- The quality of sticking or adhering; stickiness; tenacity of union.
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- limitless a.
- Having no limits; unbounded; boundless. Davies (Wit's Pilgr.).
- foresee v. i.
- To have or exercise foresight.
- peal v. i.
- To appeal. Spencer.
- screaming a.
- Uttering screams; shrieking.
- glancing a.
- Shooting, as light.
- curious a.
- Difficult to please or satisfy; solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous; nice; exact. [OF. curios, curius, F. curieux, L. curiosus careful, inquisitive, fr. cura care. See Cure.]
- dallier n.
- One Who fondles; a trifler; as, dalliers with pleasant words.
- passionately adv.
- In a passionate manner; with strong feeling; ardently.
- undying a.
- Not dying; imperishable; unending; immortal; as, the undying souls of men.
- incessantly adv.
- Unceasingly; continually.
- unshut v. t.
- To open, or throw open. [1st pref. un- + shut.]
- drowse v. i.
- To sleep imperfectly or unsoundly; to slumber; to be heavy with sleepiness; to doze. [AS. dr, dr, to sink, become slow or inactive; cf. OD. droosen to be sleepy, fall asleep, LG. dr, druusken, to slumber, fall down with a noise; prob, akin to AS.]
- impromptu adv.
- Offhand; without previous study; extemporaneous; extempore; as, an impromptu verse. [F. impromptu, fr. L. in promptu in readiness, at hand; in in + promptus visibility, readiness, from promptus visible, ready. See Prompt.]
- whoever pron.
- Whatever person; any person who; be or she who; any one who; as, he shall be punished, whoever he may be.
- awhile adv.
- For a while; for some time; for a short time. [Adj. a + while time, interval.]
- doubtless a.
- Free from fear or suspicion.
- await v. t.
- To watch for; to look out for. [OF. awaitier, agaitier; (L. ad) + waitier, gaitier to watch, F. guetter. See Wait.]
- depart v. i.
- To part; to divide; to separate. [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart,]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
So Long! is in the public domain. This text is taken from Leaves of Grass, Project Gutenberg ebook #1322; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Walt Whitman, So Long!, in Leaves of Grass (1855–1892), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1322, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whitman-leaves/so-long.html, id L04071.
Form and metre
So Long! is 82 lines in 18 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. 76% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 12.6 syllables. 29 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 13% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 11 A--A longA · me · thought · dyingA
- 13 ----ABA-A-A-C--C-B using · absorbing · alighting · delivering · droppingA · daringB · leavingA · set · promulgingA · affection · explainingA · of · tryingC · contrary · making · undyingC · have · preparingB
- 18 -A--A----- kiss · meA · awhile · avataras · meA · darts · long · return · materials · dead
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| I remember I said before my leaves sprang at all, | 13 | ·˘/˘········· |
| I would raise my voice jocund and strong with reference to consummations. | 18 | ·····/˘···/˘˘··˘/˘ |
| When America does what was promis’d, | 10 | ·˘/˘˘···/˘ |
| When through these States walk a hundred millions of superb persons, | 15 | ······/˘/˘·˘//˘ |
| When the rest part away for superb persons and contribute to them, | 17 | ····˘/·˘//˘·˘/˘·· |
| When breeds of the most perfect mothers denote America, | 15 | ·····˘//˘˘/˘/˘˘ |
| Then to me and mine our due fruition. | 11 | ·····/˘·˘/˘ |
| I have press’d through in my own right, | 8 | ········ |
| I have sung the body and the soul, war and peace have I sung, and | 16 | ····/˘·········· |
| the songs of life and death, | 6 | ······ |
| And the songs of birth, and shown that there are many births. | 13 | ··········/˘· |
| I have offer’d my style to every one, I have journey’d with confident step; | 20 | ··/˘···/˘˘···/˘·/˘˘· |
| While my pleasure is yet at the full I whisper So long! | 14 | ··/˘······/˘·· |
| And take the young woman’s hand and the young man’s hand for the last time. | 16 | ····/˘·········· |
| I announce natural persons to arise, | 11 | ·˘//˘˘/˘·˘/ |
| I announce justice triumphant, | 8 | ·˘//˘˘/˘ |
| I announce uncompromising liberty and equality, | 16 | ·˘/˘/˘˘˘/˘˘·˘/˘˘ |
| I announce the justification of candor and the justification of pride. | 21 | ·˘/··˘˘/˘·/˘···˘˘/˘·· |
| I announce that the identity of these States is a single identity only, | 22 | ·˘/··˘/˘˘·····/˘˘/˘˘/˘ |
| I announce the Union more and more compact, indissoluble, | 16 | ·˘/·/˘···/˘˘/˘˘˘ |
| I announce splendors and majesties to make all the previous politics | 19 | ·˘//˘·/˘˘····/˘˘/˘· |
| of the earth insignificant. | 8 | ····˘/˘˘ |
| I announce adhesiveness, I say it shall be limitless, unloosen’d, | 18 | ·˘/˘/˘˘·····/˘˘··· |
| I say you shall yet find the friend you were looking for. | 13 | ··········/˘· |
| I announce a man or woman coming, perhaps you are the one, (So long!) | 18 | ·˘/···/˘/˘˘/······ |
| I announce the great individual, fluid as Nature, chaste, | 16 | ·˘/···˘/˘˘/˘·/˘· |
| affectionate, compassionate, fully arm’d. | 11 | ˘/˘˘˘/˘˘/˘· |
| I announce a life that shall be copious, vehement, spiritual, bold, | 19 | ·˘/·····/˘˘/˘˘/˘˘˘· |
| I announce an end that shall lightly and joyfully meet its translation. | 18 | ·˘/····/˘·/˘˘··˘/˘ |
| I announce myriads of youths, beautiful, gigantic, sweet-blooded, | 17 | ·˘//˘˘··/˘˘˘/˘·/˘ |
| I announce a race of splendid and savage old men. | 13 | ·˘/···/˘·/˘·· |
| O thicker and faster--(So long!) | 8 | ·/˘·/˘·· |
| O crowding too close upon me, | 8 | ·/˘····· |
| I foresee too much, it means more than I thought, | 11 | ·˘/········ |
| It appears to me I am dying. | 9 | ·˘/····/˘ |
| Hasten throat and sound your last, | 7 | /˘····· |
| Salute me--salute the days once more. Peal the old cry once more. | 15 | ˘/·˘/·········· |
| Screaming electric, the atmosphere using, | 11 | /˘˘/˘·/˘·/˘ |
| At random glancing, each as I notice absorbing, | 13 | ·/˘/˘···/˘˘/˘ |
| Swiftly on, but a little while alighting, | 11 | /˘···/˘·˘/˘ |
| Curious envelop’d messages delivering, | 13 | /˘˘˘/˘/˘˘˘/˘˘ |
| Sparkles hot, seed ethereal down in the dirt dropping, | 14 | /˘··˘/˘˘····/˘ |
| Myself unknowing, my commission obeying, to question it never daring, | 20 | ·/˘/˘·˘/˘˘/˘·/˘·/˘/˘ |
| To ages and ages yet the growth of the seed leaving, | 14 | ·/˘·/˘······/˘ |
| To troops out of the war arising, they the tasks I have set | 15 | ······˘/˘······ |
| promulging, | 3 | ··· |
| To women certain whispers of myself bequeathing, their affection | 17 | ·/˘/˘/˘··/˘/˘·˘/˘ |
| me more clearly explaining, | 7 | ··/˘˘/˘ |
| To young men my problems offering--no dallier I--I the muscle of | 19 | ····/˘/˘˘·/˘˘···/˘· |
| their brains trying, | 4 | ··/˘ |
| So I pass, a little time vocal, visible, contrary, | 15 | ····/˘·/˘/˘˘/˘˘ |
| Afterward a melodious echo, passionately bent for, (death making | 19 | /˘˘·˘/˘˘/˘/˘˘˘···/˘ |
| me really undying,) | 6 | ·/˘˘/˘ |
| The best of me then when no longer visible, for toward that I have | 18 | ·······/˘/˘˘······ |
| been incessantly preparing. | 8 | ·˘/˘˘˘/˘ |
| What is there more, that I lag and pause and crouch extended with | 15 | ···········˘/˘· |
| unshut mouth? | 3 | ˘/· |
| Is there a single final farewell? | 9 | ···/˘/˘·/ |
| My songs cease, I abandon them, | 8 | ····˘/˘· |
| From behind the screen where I hid I advance personally solely to you. | 19 | ·········˘//˘˘˘/˘·· |
| Camerado, this is no book, | 8 | ········ |
| Who touches this touches a man, | 8 | ·/˘·/˘·· |
| (Is it night? are we here together alone?) | 11 | ······˘/˘˘/ |
| It is I you hold and who holds you, | 9 | ········· |
| I spring from the pages into your arms--decease calls me forth. | 15 | ····/˘····˘/··· |
| O how your fingers drowse me, | 7 | ···/˘·· |
| Your breath falls around me like dew, your pulse lulls the tympans | 14 | ·············· |
| of my ears, | 3 | ··· |
| I feel immerged from head to foot, | 8 | ········ |
| Delicious, enough. | 5 | ˘/˘˘/ |
| Enough O deed impromptu and secret, | 10 | ˘/··˘/˘·/˘ |
| Enough O gliding present--enough O summ’d-up past. | 13 | ˘/·/˘/˘˘/···· |
| Dear friend whoever you are take this kiss, | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| I give it especially to you, do not forget me, | 13 | ···˘/˘····˘/· |
| I feel like one who has done work for the day to retire awhile, | 16 | ············˘/˘/ |
| I receive now again of my many translations, from my avataras | 19 | ·˘/·˘/··/˘˘/˘······ |
| ascending, while others doubtless await me, | 11 | ˘/˘·/˘/˘˘/· |
| An unknown sphere more real than I dream’d, more direct, darts | 13 | ·˘/·······˘/· |
| awakening rays about me, So long! | 10 | ˘/˘˘······ |
| Remember my words, I may again return, | 11 | ˘/˘····˘/˘/ |
| I love you, I depart from materials, | 11 | ····˘/·˘/˘˘ |
| I am as one disembodied, triumphant, dead. | 12 | ····˘˘/˘˘/˘· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.