First o Songs for a Prelude
First O songs for a prelude,Lightly strike on the stretch’d tympanum pride and joy in my city,How she led the rest to arms, how she gave the cue,How at once with lithe limbs unwaiting a moment she sprang,(O superb! O Manhattan, my own, my peerless!O strongest you in the hour of danger, in crisis! O truer than steel!)How you sprang--how you threw off the costumes of peace withindifferent hand,How your soft opera-music changed, and the drum and fife were heardin their stead,How you led to the war, (that shall serve for our prelude, songs ofsoldiers,)How Manhattan drum-taps led.
Forty years had I in my city seen soldiers parading,Forty years as a pageant, till unawares the lady of this teeming andturbulent city,Sleepless amid her ships, her houses, her incalculable wealth,With her million children around her, suddenly,At dead of night, at news from the south,Incens’d struck with clinch’d hand the pavement.
A shock electric, the night sustain’d it,Till with ominous hum our hive at daybreak pour’d out its myriads.
From the houses then and the workshops, and through all the doorways,Leapt they tumultuous, and lo! Manhattan arming.
To the drum-taps prompt,The young men falling in and arming,The mechanics arming, (the trowel, the jack-plane, the blacksmith’shammer, tost aside with precipitation,)The lawyer leaving his office and arming, the judge leaving the court,The driver deserting his wagon in the street, jumping down, throwingthe reins abruptly down on the horses’ backs,The salesman leaving the store, the boss, book-keeper, porter, all leaving;Squads gather everywhere by common consent and arm,The new recruits, even boys, the old men show them how to wear theiraccoutrements, they buckle the straps carefully,Outdoors arming, indoors arming, the flash of the musket-barrels,The white tents cluster in camps, the arm’d sentries around, thesunrise cannon and again at sunset,Arm’d regiments arrive every day, pass through the city, and embarkfrom the wharves,(How good they look as they tramp down to the river, sweaty, withtheir guns on their shoulders!How I love them! how I could hug them, with their brown faces andtheir clothes and knapsacks cover’d with dust!)The blood of the city up-arm’d! arm’d! the cry everywhere,The flags flung out from the steeples of churches and from all thepublic buildings and stores,The tearful parting, the mother kisses her son, the son kisses his mother,(Loth is the mother to part, yet not a word does she speak to detain him,)The tumultuous escort, the ranks of policemen preceding, clearing the way,The unpent enthusiasm, the wild cheers of the crowd for their favorites,The artillery, the silent cannons bright as gold, drawn along,rumble lightly over the stones,(Silent cannons, soon to cease your silence,Soon unlimber’d to begin the red business;)All the mutter of preparation, all the determin’d arming,The hospital service, the lint, bandages and medicines,The women volunteering for nurses, the work begun for in earnest, nomere parade now;War! an arm’d race is advancing! the welcome for battle, no turning away!War! be it weeks, months, or years, an arm’d race is advancing towelcome it.
Mannahatta a-march--and it’s O to sing it well!It’s O for a manly life in the camp.
And the sturdy artillery,The guns bright as gold, the work for giants, to serve well the guns,Unlimber them! (no more as the past forty years for salutes forcourtesies merely,Put in something now besides powder and wadding.)
And you lady of ships, you Mannahatta,Old matron of this proud, friendly, turbulent city,Often in peace and wealth you were pensive or covertly frown’d amidall your children,But now you smile with joy exulting old Mannahatta.
Words in this poem 25
- lithe v. i.
- To listen or listen to; to hearken to. P. Plowman. [Icel Listen.]
- superb a.
- Grand; magnificent; august; stately; as, a superb edifice; a superb colonnade. [F. superbe, L. superbus, fr. super over. See Super-.]
- crisis n.
- The point of time when it is to be decided whether any affair or course of action must go on, or be modified or terminate; the decisive moment; the turning point. [L. crisis, Gr. Certain.]
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- pageant n.
- A theatrical exhibition; a spectacle. [OE. pagent, pagen, originally, a movable scaffold or stage, hence, what was exhibited on it, fr. LL. pagina, akin to pangere to fasten; cf. L. pagina page, leaf]
- teeming a.
- Prolific; productive.
- sleepless a.
- Having no sleep; wakeful.
- amid prep.
- In the midst or middle of; surrounded or encompassed by; among. [OE. amidde, amiddes, on midden, AS. on middan, in the middle, fr. midde the middle. The s is an adverbial ending, originally marking the genitive; the t is a la]
- incalculable a.
- Not capable of being calculated; beyond calculation; very great. [Pref. in- not + calculable: cf. F. incalculable.]
- wealth n.
- Weal; welfare; prosperity; good. [OE. welthe, from wele; cf. D. weelde luxury. See Weal prosperity.]
- daybreak n.
- The time of the first appearance of light in the morning.
- arming n.
- The act of furnishing with, or taking, arms.
- backs n.
- Among leather dealers, the thickest and stoutest tanned hides.
- salesman n.
- One who sells anything; one whose occupation is to sell goods or merchandise. [Sale + man.]
- accoutrements n.
- Dress; trappings; equipment; specifically, the devices and equipments worn by soldiers. [F. accoutrement, earlier also accoustrement, earlier also accoustrement. See Accouter.]
- outdoors adv.
- Abread; out of the house; out of doors.
- indoors adv.
- Within the house; -- usually separated, in doors.
- sweaty a.
- Moist with sweat; as, a sweaty skin; a sweaty garment.
- tearful a.
- Abounding with tears; weeping; shedding tears; as, tearful eyes.
- artillery n.
- Munitions of war; implements for warfare, as slings, bows, and arrows. [OE. artilrie, OF. artillerie, arteillerie, fr. LL. artillaria, artilleria, machines and apparatus of all kinds used in war, vans laden with arms of any kind whi]
- unlimber v. t.
- To detach the limber from; as, to unlimber a gun. [1st pref. un- + limber.]
- hospital n.
- A place for shelter or entertainment; an inn. [OF. hospital, ospital, F. hôpital, LL. hospitale (or perh. E. hospital is directly from the Late Latin), from L. hospitalis relating to a guest, hospitalia apar]
- wadding n.
- A wad, or the materials for wads; any pliable substance of which wads may be made. [See Wad a little mass.]
- covertly adv.
- Secretly; in private; insidiously.
- exulting a.
- Rejoicing triumphantly or exceedingly; exultant.
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
First o Songs for a Prelude is in the public domain. This text is taken from Leaves of Grass, Project Gutenberg ebook #1322; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Walt Whitman, First o Songs for a Prelude, in Leaves of Grass (1855–1892), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #1322, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/whitman-leaves/first-o-songs-for-a-prelude.html, id L03936.
Form and metre
First o Songs for a Prelude is 74 lines in 8 verse paragraphs. It is unrhymed, as far as the pronouncing dictionary can tell. 81% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 12.4 syllables. 27 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 22% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 ---------A--A prelude · city · cue · sprang · peerless · steel · with · hand · heard · steadA · of · soldiers · ledA
- 5 ---------------------------AB--AB----- prompt · arming · blacksmith's · precipitation · court · throwing · backs · leaving · arm · their · carefully · barrels · the · sunset · embark · wharves · with · shoulders · and · dust · everywhere · the · stores · mother · him · way · favorites · alongA · stonesB · silence · business · armingA · medicinesB · no · now · away · to · it
- 8 A---A mannahattaA · city · amid · children · mannahattaA
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| First O songs for a prelude, | 7 | ·····/· |
| Lightly strike on the stretch’d tympanum pride and joy in my city, | 16 | /˘····/˘˘·····/˘ |
| How she led the rest to arms, how she gave the cue, | 12 | ············ |
| How at once with lithe limbs unwaiting a moment she sprang, | 14 | ··········/˘·· |
| (O superb! O Manhattan, my own, my peerless! | 12 | ·˘/·˘/˘···/˘ |
| O strongest you in the hour of danger, in crisis! O truer than steel!) | 19 | ·/˘···/˘·/˘·/˘·/˘·· |
| How you sprang--how you threw off the costumes of peace with | 13 | ········˘/··· |
| indifferent hand, | 4 | ˘/˘· |
| How your soft opera-music changed, and the drum and fife were heard | 15 | ···/˘/˘········ |
| in their stead, | 3 | ··· |
| How you led to the war, (that shall serve for our prelude, songs of | 16 | ··········/˘/··· |
| soldiers,) | 2 | /˘ |
| How Manhattan drum-taps led. | 7 | ·˘/˘··· |
| Forty years had I in my city seen soldiers parading, | 15 | /˘·····/˘·/˘˘/˘ |
| Forty years as a pageant, till unawares the lady of this teeming and | 19 | /˘···/˘··˘/·/˘··/˘· |
| turbulent city, | 5 | /˘˘/˘ |
| Sleepless amid her ships, her houses, her incalculable wealth, | 16 | /˘˘/···/˘·˘/˘˘˘· |
| With her million children around her, suddenly, | 12 | ··/˘/˘···/˘˘ |
| At dead of night, at news from the south, | 9 | ········· |
| Incens’d struck with clinch’d hand the pavement. | 9 | /······/˘ |
| A shock electric, the night sustain’d it, | 10 | ··˘/˘··˘/· |
| Till with ominous hum our hive at daybreak pour’d out its myriads. | 18 | ··/˘˘·/˘··/····/˘˘ |
| From the houses then and the workshops, and through all the doorways, | 15 | ··/˘···/·····/· |
| Leapt they tumultuous, and lo! Manhattan arming. | 13 | ···/˘˘··˘/˘/˘ |
| To the drum-taps prompt, | 5 | ····· |
| The young men falling in and arming, | 9 | ···/˘··/˘ |
| The mechanics arming, (the trowel, the jack-plane, the blacksmith’s | 15 | ·˘/˘/˘·/˘····/· |
| hammer, tost aside with precipitation,) | 11 | /˘·˘/·˘·˘/˘ |
| The lawyer leaving his office and arming, the judge leaving the court, | 17 | ·/˘/˘·/˘·/˘··/˘·· |
| The driver deserting his wagon in the street, jumping down, throwing | 17 | ·/˘/˘˘·/˘···/˘·/˘ |
| the reins abruptly down on the horses’ backs, | 11 | ··˘/˘···/˘· |
| The salesman leaving the store, the boss, book-keeper, porter, all leaving; | 17 | ·/˘/˘·····/˘/˘·/˘ |
| Squads gather everywhere by common consent and arm, | 13 | ·/˘/˘··/˘˘/·· |
| The new recruits, even boys, the old men show them how to wear their | 16 | ··˘//˘·········· |
| accoutrements, they buckle the straps carefully, | 12 | ˘/˘˘·/˘··/˘˘ |
| Outdoors arming, indoors arming, the flash of the musket-barrels, | 16 | ///˘/·/˘····/˘/˘ |
| The white tents cluster in camps, the arm’d sentries around, the | 14 | ···/˘····/˘··· |
| sunrise cannon and again at sunset, | 10 | /·/˘·˘/·/· |
| Arm’d regiments arrive every day, pass through the city, and embark | 18 | ·/˘˘˘//˘˘····/˘·˘/ |
| from the wharves, | 3 | ··· |
| (How good they look as they tramp down to the river, sweaty, with | 15 | ··········/˘/˘· |
| their guns on their shoulders! | 6 | ····/˘ |
| How I love them! how I could hug them, with their brown faces and | 15 | ············/˘· |
| their clothes and knapsacks cover’d with dust!) | 9 | ···/·/˘·· |
| The blood of the city up-arm’d! arm’d! the cry everywhere, | 14 | ····/˘·····/˘· |
| The flags flung out from the steeples of churches and from all the | 15 | ······/˘·/˘···· |
| public buildings and stores, | 6 | /˘/˘·· |
| The tearful parting, the mother kisses her son, the son kisses his mother, | 19 | ·/˘/˘·/˘/˘····/˘·/˘ |
| (Loth is the mother to part, yet not a word does she speak to detain him,) | 18 | ···/˘··········˘/· |
| The tumultuous escort, the ranks of policemen preceding, clearing the way, | 20 | ··/˘˘˘/···˘/˘˘/˘/˘·· |
| The unpent enthusiasm, the wild cheers of the crowd for their favorites, | 19 | ···˘/˘·˘········/˘˘ |
| The artillery, the silent cannons bright as gold, drawn along, | 16 | ·˘/˘˘·/˘/˘····˘/ |
| rumble lightly over the stones, | 8 | /˘/˘···· |
| (Silent cannons, soon to cease your silence, | 10 | /˘/˘····/˘ |
| Soon unlimber’d to begin the red business;) | 11 | ·····˘/··/˘ |
| All the mutter of preparation, all the determin’d arming, | 16 | ··/˘··˘/˘··˘/˘/˘ |
| The hospital service, the lint, bandages and medicines, | 15 | ·/·˘/˘··/˘˘·/˘˘ |
| The women volunteering for nurses, the work begun for in earnest, no | 19 | ·/˘·˘/˘·/˘··˘/··/˘· |
| mere parade now; | 4 | ·˘/· |
| War! an arm’d race is advancing! the welcome for battle, no turning away! | 19 | ·····˘/˘·/˘·/˘·/˘˘/ |
| War! be it weeks, months, or years, an arm’d race is advancing to | 15 | ···········˘/˘· |
| welcome it. | 3 | /˘· |
| Mannahatta a-march--and it’s O to sing it well! | 13 | ············· |
| It’s O for a manly life in the camp. | 10 | ····/˘···· |
| And the sturdy artillery, | 8 | ··/˘˘/˘˘ |
| The guns bright as gold, the work for giants, to serve well the guns, | 15 | ········/˘····· |
| Unlimber them! (no more as the past forty years for salutes for | 16 | ˘/˘······/˘··˘/· |
| courtesies merely, | 5 | /˘˘/˘ |
| Put in something now besides powder and wadding.) | 12 | ··/˘·˘//˘·/˘ |
| And you lady of ships, you Mannahatta, | 11 | ··/˘······· |
| Old matron of this proud, friendly, turbulent city, | 13 | ·/˘···/˘/˘˘/˘ |
| Often in peace and wealth you were pensive or covertly frown’d amid | 17 | /˘······/˘·˘/˘·˘/ |
| all your children, | 4 | ··/˘ |
| But now you smile with joy exulting old Mannahatta. | 14 | ······˘/˘····· |
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