To Maecenas

Phillis Wheatley (1753–1784) · 1773

iambic pentameter · 55 lines · from Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral

MAECENAS, you, beneath the myrtle shade,Read o'er what poets sung, and shepherds play'd.What felt those poets but you feel the same?Does not your soul possess the sacred flame?Their noble strains your equal genius sharesIn softer language, and diviner airs.While Homer paints, lo! circumfus'd in air,Celestial Gods in mortal forms appear;Swift as they move hear each recess rebound,Heav'n quakes, earth trembles, and the shores resound.Great Sire of verse, before my mortal eyes,The lightnings blaze across the vaulted skies,And, as the thunder shakes the heav'nly plains,A deep felt horror thrills through all my veins.When gentler strains demand thy graceful song,The length'ning line moves languishing along.When great Patroclus courts Achilles' aid,The grateful tribute of my tears is paid;Prone on the shore he feels the pangs of love,And stern Pelides tend'rest passions move.Great Maro's strain in heav'nly numbers flows,The Nine inspire, and all the bosom glows.O could I rival thine and Virgil's page,Or claim the Muses with the Mantuan Sage;Soon the same beauties should my mind adorn,And the same ardors in my soul should burn:Then should my song in bolder notes arise,And all my numbers pleasingly surprise;But here I sit, and mourn a grov'ling mind,That fain would mount, and ride upon the wind.Not you, my friend, these plaintive strains become,Not you, whose bosom is the Muses home;When they from tow'ring Helicon retire,They fan in you the bright immortal fire,But I less happy, cannot raise the song,The fault'ring music dies upon my tongue.The happier Terence all the choir inspir'd,His soul replenish'd, and his bosom fir'd;But say, ye Muses, why this partial grace,To one alone of Afric's sable race;From age to age transmitting thus his nameWith the finest glory in the rolls of fame?Thy virtues, great Maecenas! shall be sungIn praise of him, from whom those virtues sprung:While blooming wreaths around thy temples spread,I'll snatch a laurel from thine honour'd head,While you indulgent smile upon the deed.

As long as Thames in streams majestic flows,Or Naiads in their oozy beds reposeWhile Phoebus reigns above the starry trainWhile bright Aurora purples o'er the main,So long, great Sir, the muse thy praise shall sing,So long thy praise shal' make Parnassus ring:Then grant, Maecenas, thy paternal rays,Hear me propitious, and defend my lays.

Words in this poem

sire n.
A lord, master, or other person in authority. See Sir. [F. sire, originally, an older person. See Sir.]
mantuan a.
Of or pertaining to Mantua.
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
helicon n.
A mountain in Boeotia, in Greece, supposed by the Greeks to be the residence of Apollo and the Muses.
sable n.
A carnivorous animal of the Weasel family (Mustela zibellina) native of the northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America, -- noted for its fine, soft, and valuable fur. [OF. sable, F. zibeline sable (in sense 4), LL. sabellum; cf. D. sabel, Dan. sabel, zobel, Sw. sabel, sobel, G. zobel; all fr. Russ. sóbole.]
shall v. i.
To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
phoebus n.
Apollo; the sun god.
starry a.
Abounding with stars; adorned with stars.
aurora n.
The rising light of the morning; the dawn of day; the redness of the sky just before the sun rises. [L. aurora, for ausosa, akin to Gr. ushas, and E. east.]
parnassus n.
A mountain in Greece, sacred to Apollo and the Muses, and famous for a temple of Apollo and for the Castalian spring. Grass of Parnassus. (Bot.) See under Grass, and Parnassia.

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

To Maecenas is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems on various subjects, religious and moral, Project Gutenberg ebook #409; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Phillis Wheatley, To Maecenas, in Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral (1773), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #409, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/wheatley-poems/to-maecenas.html, id L07704.

Form and metre

To Maecenas is 55 lines in 2 stanzas. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 94%). 99% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 3 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 9% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLL--MMNNOO----PPQQRRSSTT- shadeA · play'dA · sameB · flameB · sharesC · airsC · airD · appearD · reboundE · resoundE · eyesF · skiesF · plainsG · veinsG · songH · alongH · aidI · paidI · loveJ · moveJ · flowsK · glowsK · pageL · sageL · adorn · burn · ariseM · surpriseM · mindN · windN · becomeO · homeO · retire · fire · song · tongue · inspir'dP · fir'dP · graceQ · raceQ · nameR · fameR · sungS · sprungS · spreadT · headT · deed
  2. 2 AABBCCDD flowsA · reposeA · trainB · mainB · singC · ringC · raysD · laysD
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
MAECENAS, you, beneath the myrtle shade,10·······/˘·
Read o'er what poets sung, and shepherds play'd.10···/˘··/˘·
What felt those poets but you feel the same?10···/˘·····
Does not your soul possess the sacred flame?10····˘/·/˘·
Their noble strains your equal genius shares10·/˘··/˘/˘·
In softer language, and diviner airs.10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
While Homer paints, lo! circumfus'd in air,10·/˘·······
Celestial Gods in mortal forms appear;10˘/˘··/˘·˘/
Swift as they move hear each recess rebound,10······˘/˘/
Heav'n quakes, earth trembles, and the shores resound.10···/˘····/
Great Sire of verse, before my mortal eyes,10·/·····/˘·
The lightnings blaze across the vaulted skies,10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
And, as the thunder shakes the heav'nly plains,10···/˘·····
A deep felt horror thrills through all my veins.10···/˘·····
When gentler strains demand thy graceful song,10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
The length'ning line moves languishing along.10·····/˘˘˘/
When great Patroclus courts Achilles' aid,10······˘/˘·
The grateful tribute of my tears is paid;10·/˘/˘·····
Prone on the shore he feels the pangs of love,10··········
And stern Pelides tend'rest passions move.9······/˘·
Great Maro's strain in heav'nly numbers flows,10·/˘····/˘·
The Nine inspire, and all the bosom glows.10··˘/···/˘·
O could I rival thine and Virgil's page,10···/˘··/˘·
Or claim the Muses with the Mantuan Sage;11···/˘··/˘˘·
Soon the same beauties should my mind adorn,10···/˘···˘/
And the same ardors in my soul should burn:10···/˘·····
Then should my song in bolder notes arise,10·····/˘·˘/
And all my numbers pleasingly surprise;10···/˘/˘˘˘/
But here I sit, and mourn a grov'ling mind,10··········
That fain would mount, and ride upon the wind.10··········
Not you, my friend, these plaintive strains become,10·····/˘·˘/
Not you, whose bosom is the Muses home;10···/˘··/˘·
When they from tow'ring Helicon retire,10·····/˘·˘/
They fan in you the bright immortal fire,11······˘/˘/˘
But I less happy, cannot raise the song,10···/˘/˘···
The fault'ring music dies upon my tongue.10···/˘·····
The happier Terence all the choir inspir'd,11·/˘/˘··/˘/˘
His soul replenish'd, and his bosom fir'd;11··˘/˘··/˘/˘
But say, ye Muses, why this partial grace,10···/˘··/˘·
To one alone of Afric's sable race;10··˘/···/˘·
From age to age transmitting thus his name10····˘/˘···
With the finest glory in the rolls of fame?11··/˘/˘·····
Thy virtues, great Maecenas! shall be sung10·/˘·······
In praise of him, from whom those virtues sprung:10·······/˘·
While blooming wreaths around thy temples spread,10·/˘····/˘·
I'll snatch a laurel from thine honour'd head,10···/˘·····
While you indulgent smile upon the deed.10··˘/˘·····
As long as Thames in streams majestic flows,10······˘/˘·
Or Naiads in their oozy beds repose9····/˘·˘/
While Phoebus reigns above the starry train10·/˘····/˘·
While bright Aurora purples o'er the main,10·····/˘···
So long, great Sir, the muse thy praise shall sing,10··········
So long thy praise shal' make Parnassus ring:10·······/˘·
Then grant, Maecenas, thy paternal rays,10······˘/˘·
Hear me propitious, and defend my lays.10··˘/˘·˘/··

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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