To a Lady on the Death of her Husband
GRIM monarch! see, depriv'd of vital breath,A young physician in the dust of death:Dost thou go on incessant to destroy,Our griefs to double, and lay waste our joy?Enough thou never yet wast known to say,Though millions die, the vassals of thy sway:Nor youth, nor science, not the ties of love,Nor ought on earth thy flinty heart can move.The friend, the spouse from his dire dart to save,In vain we ask the sovereign of the grave.Fair mourner, there see thy lov'd Leonard laid,And o'er him spread the deep impervious shade.Clos'd are his eyes, and heavy fetters keepHis senses bound in never-waking sleep,Till time shall cease, till many a starry worldShall fall from heav'n, in dire confusion hurl'dTill nature in her final wreck shall lie,And her last groan shall rend the azure sky:Not, not till then his active soul shall claimHis body, a divine immortal frame.But see the softly-stealing tears apacePursue each other down the mourner's face;But cease thy tears, bid ev'ry sigh depart,And cast the load of anguish from thine heart:From the cold shell of his great soul arise,And look beyond, thou native of the skies;There fix thy view, where fleeter than the windThy Leonard mounts, and leaves the earth behind.Thyself prepare to pass the vale of nightTo join for ever on the hills of light:To thine embrace this joyful spirit movesTo thee, the partner of his earthly loves;He welcomes thee to pleasures more refin'd,And better suited to th' immortal mind.
Words in this poem
- wast
- The second person singular of the verb be, in the indicative mood, imperfect tense; -- now used only in solemn or poetical style.
- ought p. p.
- Was or were under obligation to pay; owed. [Orig. the preterit of the verb to owe. OE. oughte, aughte, ahte, AS. ahte. sq. root110. See Owe.]
- spouse v. t.
- To wed; to espouse. [See Espouse, and Spouse, n.]
- dire a.
- Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
- mourner n.
- One who mourns or is grieved at any misfortune, as the death of a friend.
- shall v. i.
- To owe; to be under obligation for. [OE. shal, schal, imp. sholde, scholde, AS. scal, sceal, I am obliged, imp. scolde, sceolde, inf. sculan; akin to OS. skulan, pres. skal, imp. skolda, D. zullen,]
- starry a.
- Abounding with stars; adorned with stars.
- apace adv.
- With a quick pace; quick; fast; speedily. [Pref. a- + pace. OE. a pas at a walk, in which a is the article. See Pace.]
- depart v. i.
- To part; to divide; to separate. [OE. departen to divide, part, depart, F. départir to divide, distribute, se départir to separate one's self, depart; pref. dé- (L. de) + partir to part, depart,]
- vale n.
- A tract of low ground, or of land between hills; a valley. [OE. val, F. val, L. vallis; perhaps akin to Gr. Avalanche, Vail to lower, Valley.]
Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
About this text
To a Lady on the Death of her Husband is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems on various subjects, religious and moral, Project Gutenberg ebook #409; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.
Cite as: Phillis Wheatley, To a Lady on the Death of her Husband, in Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral (1773), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #409, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/wheatley-poems/to-a-lady-on-the-death-of-her-husband.html, id L26084.
Form and metre
To a Lady on the Death of her Husband is 34 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 93%).
See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.
Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.
Rhyme words, stanza by stanza
The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.
- 1 AABBCCDDEEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQ breathA · deathA · destroyB · joyB · sayC · swayC · loveD · moveD · saveE · graveE · laidF · shadeF · keepG · sleepG · worldH · hurl'dH · lieI · skyI · claimJ · frameJ · apaceK · faceK · departL · heartL · ariseM · skiesM · windN · behindN · nightO · lightO · movesP · lovesP · refin'dQ · mindQ
Scansion, line by line
Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.
| Line | Syl. | Stress |
|---|---|---|
| GRIM monarch! see, depriv'd of vital breath, | 10 | ·/··˘/·/˘· |
| A young physician in the dust of death: | 10 | ··˘/˘····· |
| Dost thou go on incessant to destroy, | 10 | ····˘/˘·˘/ |
| Our griefs to double, and lay waste our joy? | 10 | /··/˘···/· |
| Enough thou never yet wast known to say, | 10 | ˘/·/˘····· |
| Though millions die, the vassals of thy sway: | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| Nor youth, nor science, not the ties of love, | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| Nor ought on earth thy flinty heart can move. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| The friend, the spouse from his dire dart to save, | 10 | ·········· |
| In vain we ask the sovereign of the grave. | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| Fair mourner, there see thy lov'd Leonard laid, | 10 | ·/˘····/˘· |
| And o'er him spread the deep impervious shade. | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Clos'd are his eyes, and heavy fetters keep | 10 | ·····/˘/˘· |
| His senses bound in never-waking sleep, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘/˘· |
| Till time shall cease, till many a starry world | 10 | ·····/·/˘· |
| Shall fall from heav'n, in dire confusion hurl'd | 10 | ······˘/˘· |
| Till nature in her final wreck shall lie, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘··· |
| And her last groan shall rend the azure sky: | 10 | ·······/˘· |
| Not, not till then his active soul shall claim | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| His body, a divine immortal frame. | 10 | ·/˘·˘/˘/˘· |
| But see the softly-stealing tears apace | 10 | ···/˘/˘·˘/ |
| Pursue each other down the mourner's face; | 10 | ˘/·/˘··/˘· |
| But cease thy tears, bid ev'ry sigh depart, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| And cast the load of anguish from thine heart: | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| From the cold shell of his great soul arise, | 10 | ········˘/ |
| And look beyond, thou native of the skies; | 10 | ·····/˘··· |
| There fix thy view, where fleeter than the wind | 10 | ·········· |
| Thy Leonard mounts, and leaves the earth behind. | 10 | ·/˘······· |
| Thyself prepare to pass the vale of night | 10 | ˘/˘/······ |
| To join for ever on the hills of light: | 10 | ···/˘····· |
| To thine embrace this joyful spirit moves | 10 | ··˘/·/˘/˘· |
| To thee, the partner of his earthly loves; | 10 | ···/˘··/˘· |
| He welcomes thee to pleasures more refin'd, | 10 | ·/˘··/˘·˘/ |
| And better suited to th' immortal mind. | 10 | ·/˘/˘·˘/˘· |
The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.