On Imagination

Phillis Wheatley (1753–1784) · 1773

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 100 lines · from Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral

THY various works, imperial queen, we see,How bright their forms! how deck'd with pompby thee!Thy wond'rous acts in beauteous order stand,And all attest how potent is thine hand.From Helicon's refulgent heights attend,Ye sacred choir, and my attempts befriend:To tell her glories with a faithful tongue,Ye blooming graces, triumph in my song.Now here, now there, the roving Fancy flies,Till some lov'd object strikes her wand'ring eyes,Whose silken fetters all the senses bind,And soft captivity involves the mind.Imagination! who can sing thy force?Or who describe the swiftness of thy course?Soaring through air to find the bright abode,Th' empyreal palace of the thund'ring God,We on thy pinions can surpass the wind,And leave the rolling universe behind:From star to star the mental optics rove,Measure the skies, and range the realms above.There in one view we grasp the mighty whole,Or with new worlds amaze th' unbounded soul.Though Winter frowns to Fancy's raptur'd eyesThe fields may flourish, and gay scenes arise;The frozen deeps may break their iron bands,And bid their waters murmur o'er the sands.Fair Flora may resume her fragrant reign,And with her flow'ry riches deck the plain;Sylvanus may diffuse his honours round,And all the forest may with leaves be crown'd:Show'rs may descend, and dews their gems disclose,And nectar sparkle on the blooming rose.Such is thy pow'r, nor are thine orders vain,O thou the leader of the mental train:In full perfection all thy works are wrought,And thine the sceptre o'er the realms of thought.Before thy throne the subject-passions bow,Of subject-passions sov'reign ruler thou;At thy command joy rushes on the heart,And through the glowing veins the spirits dart.Fancy might now her silken pinions tryTo rise from earth, and sweep th' expanse on high:From Tithon's bed now might Aurora rise,Her cheeks all glowing with celestial dies,While a pure stream of light o'erflows the skies.The monarch of the day I might behold,And all the mountains tipt with radiant gold,But I reluctant leave the pleasing views,Which Fancy dresses to delight the Muse;Winter austere forbids me to aspire,And northern tempests damp the rising fire;They chill the tides of Fancy's flowing sea,Cease then, my song, cease the unequal lay.

THROUGH airy roads he wings his instant flightTo purer regions of celestial light;Enlarg'd he sees unnumber'd systems roll,Beneath him sees the universal whole,Planets on planets run their destin'd round,And circling wonders fill the vast profound.Th' ethereal now, and now th' empyreal skiesWith growing splendors strike his wond'ring eyes:The angels view him with delight unknown,Press his soft hand, and seat him on his throne;Then smilling thus: "To this divine abode,"The seat of saints, of seraphs, and of God,"Thrice welcome thou." The raptur'd babe replies,"Thanks to my God, who snatch'd me to the skies,"E'er vice triumphant had possess'd my heart,"E'er yet the tempter had beguil d my heart,"E'er yet on sin's base actions I was bent,"E'er yet I knew temptation's dire intent;"E'er yet the lash for horrid crimes I felt,"E'er vanity had led my way to guilt,"But, soon arriv'd at my celestial goal,"Full glories rush on my expanding soul."Joyful he spoke: exulting cherubs roundClapt their glad wings, the heav'nly vaults resound.Say, parents, why this unavailing moan?Why heave your pensive bosoms with the groan?To Charles, the happy subject of my song,A brighter world, and nobler strains belong.Say would you tear him from the realms aboveBy thoughtless wishes, and prepost'rous love?Doth his felicity increase your pain?Or could you welcome to this world againThe heir of bliss? with a superior airMethinks he answers with a smile severe,"Thrones and dominions cannot tempt me there."But still you cry, "Can we the sigh forbear,"And still and still must we not pour the tear?"Our only hope, more dear than vital breath,"Twelve moons revolv'd, becomes the prey of death;"Delightful infant, nightly visions give"Thee to our arms, and we with joy receive,"We fain would clasp the Phantom to our breast,"The Phantom flies, and leaves the soul unblest."To yon bright regions let your faith ascend,Prepare to join your dearest infant friendIn pleasures without measure, without end.

Words in this poem 22
beauteous a.
Full of beauty; beautiful; very handsome. [Mostly poetic] -- Beau"te*ous*ly, adv. --
attest v. t.
To bear witness to; to certify; to affirm to be true or genuine; as, to attest the truth of a writing, a copy of record. [L. attestari; ad + testari to bear witness: cf. F. attester.]
refulgent a.
Casting a bright light; radiant; brilliant; resplendent; shining; splendid; as, refulgent beams. [L. refulgens, p. pr. of refulgere to flash back, to shine bright; pref. re- re- + fulgere to shine. See Fulgent.]
befriend v. t.
To act as a friend to; to favor; to aid, benefit, or countenance.
abode n.
Act of waiting; delay. [OE. abad, abood, fr. abiden to abide. See Abide. For the change of vowel, cf. abode, imp. of abide.]
empyreal a.
Formed of pure fire or light; refined beyond aërial substance; pertaining to the highest and purest region of heaven. [L. empyrius, empyreus, fiery, Gr. In, and Fire.]
amaze v. t.
To bewilder; to stupefy; to bring into a maze. [Pref. a- + maze.]
flora n.
The goddess of flowers and spring. [L., the goddess of flowers, from flos, floris, flower. See Flower.]
resume n.
A summing up; a condensed statement; an abridgment or brief recapitulation. [F. See Resume.]
sceptre n.
A staff or baton borne by a sovereign, as a ceremonial badge or emblem of authority; a royal mace. [F. sceptre, L. sceptrum, from Gr. shaft. See Shaft, and cf. Scape a stem, shaft.]
aurora n.
The rising light of the morning; the dawn of day; the redness of the sky just before the sun rises. [L. aurora, for ausosa, akin to Gr. ushas, and E. east.]
aspire v. t.
To aspire to; to long for; to try to reach; to mount to.
babe n.
An infant; a young child of either sex; a baby. [Cf. Ir. bab, baban, W. baban, maban.]
tempter n.
One who tempts or entices; especially, Satan, or the Devil, regarded as the great enticer to evil.
dire a.
Ill-boding; portentous; as, dire omens. [L. dirus; of uncertain origin.]
horrid a.
Rough; rugged; bristling. [L. horridus. See Horror, and cf. Ordure.]
spoke n.
The radius or ray of a wheel; one of the small bars which are inserted in the hub, or nave, and which serve to support the rim or felly. [OE. spoke, spake, AS, spaca; akin to D. speek, LG. speke, OHG. speihha, G. speiche. sq. root170. Cf. Spike a nail.]
exulting a.
Rejoicing triumphantly or exceedingly; exultant.
methinks v.
It seems to me; I think. See Me. [AS. þyncan to seem, me þynceedh, me þuhte, OE. me thinketh, me thoughte; akin to G. dünken to seem, denken to think, and E. think. See Me, and Think.]
nightly a.
Of or pertaining to the night, or to every night; happening or done by night, or every night; as, nightly shades; he kept nightly vigils.
fain v. t.
To be glad ; to wish or desire.
unblest a.
Not blest; excluded from benediction; hence, accursed; wretched. [Pref. un- not + blessed, blest.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

On Imagination is in the public domain. This text is taken from Poems on various subjects, religious and moral, Project Gutenberg ebook #409; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Phillis Wheatley, On Imagination, in Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral (1773), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #409, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/wheatley-poems/on-imagination.html, id L25930.

Form and metre

On Imagination is 100 lines in 2 verse paragraphs. It is in rhyming couplets, 66% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 90%). 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.0 syllables. 3 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 16% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 A-ABBCC--DDEEFF--GG--HHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRRSSSTTUU---- seeA · pomp · theeA · standB · handB · attendC · befriendC · tongue · song · fliesD · eyesD · bindE · mindE · forceF · courseF · abode · god · windG · behindG · rove · above · wholeH · soulH · eyesI · ariseI · bandsJ · sandsJ · reignK · plainK · roundL · crown'dL · discloseM · roseM · vainN · trainN · wroughtO · thoughtO · bowP · thouP · heartQ · dartQ · tryR · highR · riseS · diesS · skiesS · beholdT · goldT · viewsU · museU · aspire · fire · sea · lay
  2. 2 AABBCCDDEE--FF--GG--HHIIJJKKLL--MMMMMNN--OOPPP flightA · lightA · rollB · wholeB · roundC · profoundC · skiesD · eyesD · unknownE · throneE · abode · god · repliesF · skiesF · heart · heart · bentG · intentG · felt · guilt · goalH · soulH · roundI · resoundI · moanJ · groanJ · songK · belongK · aboveL · loveL · pain · again · airM · severeM · thereM · forbearM · tearM · breathN · deathN · give · receive · breastO · unblestO · ascendP · friendP · endP
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
THY various works, imperial queen, we see,10·/˘·˘/˘···
How bright their forms! how deck'd with pomp8········
by thee!2··
Thy wond'rous acts in beauteous order stand,11·/˘··/˘˘/˘·
And all attest how potent is thine hand.10··˘/·/˘···
From Helicon's refulgent heights attend,10·/˘·˘/˘·˘/
Ye sacred choir, and my attempts befriend:10·/˘/··˘/˘/
To tell her glories with a faithful tongue,10···/˘··/˘·
Ye blooming graces, triumph in my song.10·/˘/˘/˘···
Now here, now there, the roving Fancy flies,10·····/˘/˘·
Till some lov'd object strikes her wand'ring eyes,10···/˘·····
Whose silken fetters all the senses bind,10·/˘/˘··/˘·
And soft captivity involves the mind.10··˘/˘˘˘/··
Imagination! who can sing thy force?10˘·˘/˘·····
Or who describe the swiftness of thy course?10··˘/·/˘···
Soaring through air to find the bright abode,10/˘······˘/
Th' empyreal palace of the thund'ring God,11˘/˘˘/˘·····
We on thy pinions can surpass the wind,10···/˘·˘/··
And leave the rolling universe behind:10···/˘/˘···
From star to star the mental optics rove,10·····/˘/˘·
Measure the skies, and range the realms above.10/˘········
There in one view we grasp the mighty whole,10·······/˘·
Or with new worlds amaze th' unbounded soul.10····˘/˘/˘·
Though Winter frowns to Fancy's raptur'd eyes10·/˘··/˘···
The fields may flourish, and gay scenes arise;10···/˘···˘/
The frozen deeps may break their iron bands,10·/˘····/˘·
And bid their waters murmur o'er the sands.10···/˘/˘···
Fair Flora may resume her fragrant reign,10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
And with her flow'ry riches deck the plain;10·····/˘···
Sylvanus may diffuse his honours round,10/˘˘·˘/·/˘·
And all the forest may with leaves be crown'd:10···/˘·····
Show'rs may descend, and dews their gems disclose,10··˘/····˘/
And nectar sparkle on the blooming rose.10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Such is thy pow'r, nor are thine orders vain,10·······/˘·
O thou the leader of the mental train:10···/˘··/˘·
In full perfection all thy works are wrought,10··˘/˘·····
And thine the sceptre o'er the realms of thought.10···/˘·····
Before thy throne the subject-passions bow,10·····/˘/˘·
Of subject-passions sov'reign ruler thou;10·/˘/˘··/˘·
At thy command joy rushes on the heart,10··˘/·/˘···
And through the glowing veins the spirits dart.10···/˘··/˘·
Fancy might now her silken pinions try10/˘···/˘/˘·
To rise from earth, and sweep th' expanse on high:10······˘/··
From Tithon's bed now might Aurora rise,10··········
Her cheeks all glowing with celestial dies,10···/˘·˘/˘·
While a pure stream of light o'erflows the skies.10··········
The monarch of the day I might behold,10·/······˘/
And all the mountains tipt with radiant gold,10···/˘··/˘·
But I reluctant leave the pleasing views,10··˘/˘··/˘·
Which Fancy dresses to delight the Muse;10·/˘/˘·˘/··
Winter austere forbids me to aspire,10/˘˘/˘/··˘/
And northern tempests damp the rising fire;11·/˘/˘··/˘/˘
They chill the tides of Fancy's flowing sea,10·····/˘/˘·
Cease then, my song, cease the unequal lay.10······˘/˘·
THROUGH airy roads he wings his instant flight10·/˘····/˘·
To purer regions of celestial light;10·/˘/˘·˘/˘·
Enlarg'd he sees unnumber'd systems roll,10˘/·····/˘·
Beneath him sees the universal whole,10······˘/˘·
Planets on planets run their destin'd round,10/˘·/˘··/˘·
And circling wonders fill the vast profound.10·/˘/˘···˘/
Th' ethereal now, and now th' empyreal skies11˘/˘···˘/˘˘·
With growing splendors strike his wond'ring eyes:10·/˘/˘·····
The angels view him with delight unknown,10·/˘···˘/˘/
Press his soft hand, and seat him on his throne;10··········
Then smilling thus: "To this divine abode,10······˘/˘/
"The seat of saints, of seraphs, and of God,10··········
"Thrice welcome thou." The raptur'd babe replies,10·/˘·····˘/
"Thanks to my God, who snatch'd me to the skies,10··········
"E'er vice triumphant had possess'd my heart,10··˘/˘·˘/··
"E'er yet the tempter had beguil d my heart,11···/˘······
"E'er yet on sin's base actions I was bent,10·····/˘···
"E'er yet I knew temptation's dire intent;10····˘/˘·˘/
"E'er yet the lash for horrid crimes I felt,10·····/˘···
"E'er vanity had led my way to guilt,10·/˘˘······
"But, soon arriv'd at my celestial goal,10··˘/··˘/˘·
"Full glories rush on my expanding soul."10·/˘···˘/˘·
Joyful he spoke: exulting cherubs round10/˘··˘/˘/˘·
Clapt their glad wings, the heav'nly vaults resound.10·········/
Say, parents, why this unavailing moan?10·/˘···˘/˘·
Why heave your pensive bosoms with the groan?10···/˘/˘···
To Charles, the happy subject of my song,10···/˘/˘···
A brighter world, and nobler strains belong.10·/˘··/˘·˘/
Say would you tear him from the realms above10··········
By thoughtless wishes, and prepost'rous love?10·/˘/˘·····
Doth his felicity increase your pain?10··˘/˘˘˘/··
Or could you welcome to this world again10···/˘···˘/
The heir of bliss? with a superior air10······˘/˘·
Methinks he answers with a smile severe,10˘/·/˘···˘/
"Thrones and dominions cannot tempt me there."10··˘/˘/˘···
But still you cry, "Can we the sigh forbear,10········˘/
"And still and still must we not pour the tear?10··········
"Our only hope, more dear than vital breath,10//˘····/˘·
"Twelve moons revolv'd, becomes the prey of death;10··˘/˘/····
"Delightful infant, nightly visions give10˘/˘/˘/˘/˘·
"Thee to our arms, and we with joy receive,10··/·····˘/
"We fain would clasp the Phantom to our breast,10·····/˘·/·
"The Phantom flies, and leaves the soul unblest."10·/˘·······
To yon bright regions let your faith ascend,10···/˘···˘/
Prepare to join your dearest infant friend10˘/···/˘/˘·
In pleasures without measure, without end.10·/˘··/˘···

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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