Part III

Now must I draw my forces 'gainst that hostOf pleasures, which i' th'sea of age are lost.O thou most high transcendant gift of age!Youth from its folly thus to disengage.And now receive from me that most divineOration of that noble Tarentine,Which at Tarentum I long since did hear,When I attended the great Fabius there.Ye gods, was it man's nature, or his fate,Betray'd him with sweet pleasure's poison'd bait?Which he, with all designs of art or power,Doth with unbridled appetite devour:And as all poisons seek the noblest part,Pleasure possesses first the head and heart;Intoxicating both by them, she finds,And burns the sacred temples of our minds.Furies, which reason's divine chains had bound,(That being broken) all the world confound.Lust, murder, treason, avarice, and hellItself broke loose, in reason's palace dwell:Truth, honour, justice, temperance, are fled,All her attendants into darkness led.But why all this discourse? when pleasure's rageHath conquer'd reason, we must treat with age.Age undermines, and will in time surpriseHer strongest forts, and cut off all supplies;And join'd in league with strong necessity,Pleasure must fly, or else by famine die.Flaminius, whom a consulship had graced,(Then Censor) from the Senate I displaced;When he in Gaul, a Consul, made a feast,A beauteous courtesan did him requestTo see the cutting off a pris'ner's head;This crime I could not leave unpunished,Since by a private villany he stain'dThat public honour which at Rome he gain'd.Then to our age (when not to pleasures bent)This seems an honour, not disparagement.We not all pleasures like the Stoics hate,But love and seek those which are moderate.(Though divine Plato thus of pleasures thought,They us, with hooks and baits, like fishes caught.)When Questor, to the gods in public hallsI was the first who set up festivals.Not with high tastes our appetites did force,But fill'd with conversation and discourse;Which feasts, Convivial Meetings we did name:Not like the ancient Greeks, who to their shame,Call'd it a Compotation, not a feast;Declaring the worst part of it the best.Those entertainments I did then frequentSometimes with youthful heat and merriment:But now I thank my age, which gives me easeFrom those excesses; yet myself I pleaseWith cheerful talk to entertain my guests(Discourses are to age continual feasts),The love of meat and wine they recompense,And cheer the mind, as much as those the sense.I'm not more pleased with gravity amongThe aged, than to be youthful with the young;Nor 'gainst all pleasures proclaim open war,To which, in age, some nat'ral motions are.And still at my Sabinum I delightTo treat my neighbours till the depth of night.But we the sense of gust and pleasure want,Which youth at full possesses; this I grant;But age seeks not the things which youth requires,And no man needs that which he not desires.When Sophocles was asked if he deniedHimself the use of pleasures, he replied,'I humbly thank th'immortal gods, who meFrom that fierce tyrant's insolence set free.'But they whom pressing appetites constrain,Grieve when they cannot their desires obtain.Young men the use of pleasure understand,As of an object new, and near at hand:Though this stands more remote from age's sight,Yet they behold it not without delight:As ancient soldiers, from their duties eased,With sense of honour and rewards are pleased;So from ambitious hopes and lusts released,Delighted with itself our age doth rest.No part of life's more happy, when with breadOf ancient knowledge and new learning fed;All youthful pleasures by degrees must cease,But those of age even with our years increase.We love not loaded boards and goblets crown'd,But free from surfeits our repose is sound.When old Fabricius to the Samnites wentAmbassador, from Rome to Pyrrhus sent,He heard a grave philosopher maintain,That all the actions of our life were vainWhich with our sense of pleasure not conspired;Fabricius the philosopher desired,That he to Pyrrhus would that maxim teach,And to the Samnites the same doctrine preach;Then of their conquest he should doubt no more,Whom their own pleasures overcame before.Now into rustic matters I must fall,Which pleasure seems to me the chief of all.Age no impediment to those can give,Who wisely by the rules of Nature live.Earth (though our mother) cheerfully obeysAll the commands her race upon her lays.For whatsoever from our hand she takes,Greater or less, a vast return she makes.Nor am I only pleased with that resource,But with her ways, her method, and her force.The seed her bosom (by the plough made fit)Receives, where kindly she embraces it,Which with her genuine warmth diffused and spread,Sends forth betimes a green and tender head,Then gives it motion, life, and nourishment,Which from the root through nerves and veins are sent;Straight in a hollow sheath upright it grows,And, form receiving, doth itself disclose:Drawn up in ranks and files, the bearded spikesGuard it from birds as with a stand of pikes.When of the vine I speak, I seem inspired,And with delight, as with her juice, am fired;At Nature's godlike power I stand amazed,Which such vast bodies hath from atoms raised.The kernel of a grape, the fig's small grain,Can clothe a mountain and o'ershade a plain:But thou, (dear Vine!) forbid'st me to be long;Although thy trunk be neither large nor strong,Nor can thy head (not help'd) itself sublime,Yet, like a serpent, a tall tree can climb;Whate'er thy many fingers can entwine,Proves thy support, and all its strength is thine.Though Nature gave not legs, it gave the hands,By which thy prop the proudest cedar stands:As thou hast hands, so hath thy offspring wings,And to the highest part of mortals springs.But lest thou should'st consume thy wealth in vain,And starve thyself to feed a num'rous train,Or like the bee (sweet as thy blood) design'dTo be destroy'd to propagate his kind,Lest thy redundant and superfluous juice,Should fading leaves instead of fruits produce,The pruner's hand, with letting blood, must quenchThy heat, and thy exub'rant parts retrench:Then from the joints of thy prolific stemA swelling knot is raisèd (call'd a gem),Whence, in short space, itself the cluster shows,And from earth's moisture mixed with sunbeams grows.I' th'spring, like youth, it yields an acid taste,But summer doth, like age, the sourness waste;Then clothed with leaves, from heat and cold secure,Like virgins, sweet and beauteous, when mature.On fruits, flowers, herbs, and plants, I long could dwell,At once to please my eye, my taste, my smell;My walks of trees, all planted by my hand,Like children of my own begetting stand.To tell the sev'ral natures of each earth,What fruits from each most properly take birth:And with what arts to enrich every mould,The dry to moisten, and to warm the cold.But when we graft, or buds inoculate,Nature by art we nobly meliorate;As Orpheus' music wildest beasts did tame,From the sour crab the sweetest apple came:The mother to the daughter goes to school,The species changed, doth her law overrule;Nature herself doth from herself depart,(Strange transmigration!) by the power of art.How little things give law to great! we seeThe small bud captivates the greatest tree.Here even the power divine we imitate,And seem not to beget, but to create.Much was I pleased with fowls and beasts, the tameFor food and profit, and the wild for game.Excuse me when this pleasant string I touch(For age, of what delights it, speaks too much).Who twice victorious Pyrrhus conquered,The Sabines and the Samnites captive led,Great Curius, his remaining days did spend,And in this happy life his triumphs end.My farm stands near, and when I there retire,His, and that age's temper I admire:The Samnites' chief, as by his fire he sate,With a vast sum of gold on him did wait;'Return,' said he, 'your gold I nothing weigh,When those who can command it me obey.'This my assertion proves, he may be old,And yet not sordid, who refuses gold.In summer to sit still, or walk, I love,Near a cool fountain, or a shady grove.What can in winter render more delight,Than the high sun at noon, and fire at night?While our old friends and neighbours feast and play,And with their harmless mirth turn night to day,Unpurchased plenty our full tables loads,And part of what they lent, return t'our gods.That honour and authority which dwellsWith age, all pleasures of our youth excels.Observe, that I that age have only praisedWhose pillars were on youth's foundations raised,And that (for which I great applause received)As a true maxim hath been since believed.That most unhappy age great pity needs,Which to defend itself, new matter pleads;Not from gray hairs authority doth flow,Nor from bald heads, nor from a wrinkled brow,But our past life, when virtuously spent,Must to our age those happy fruits present.Those things to age most honourable are,Which easy, common, and but light appear,Salutes, consulting, compliment, resort,Crowding attendance to and from the court:And not on Rome alone this honour waits,But on all civil and well-govern'd states.Lysander, pleading in his city's praise,From thence his strongest argument did raise,That Sparta did with honour age support,Paying them just respect at stage and court.But at proud Athens youth did age outface,Nor at the plays would rise, or give them place.When an Athenian stranger of great ageArrived at Sparta, climbing up the stage,To him the whole assembly rose, and ranTo place and ease this old and rev'rend man,Who thus his thanks returns, 'Th' Athenians knowWhat's to be done, but what they know not do.'Here our great Senate's orders I may quote,The first in age is still the first in vote.Nor honour, nor high birth, nor great command,In competition with great years may stand.Why should our youth's short, transient, pleasures dareWith age's lasting honours to compare?On the world's stage, when our applause grows high,For acting here life's tragic-comedy,The lookers-on will say we act not well,Unless the last the former scenes excel:But age is froward, uneasy, scrutinous,Hard to be pleased, and parsimonious;But all those errors from our manners rise,Not from our years; yet some morositiesWe must expect, since jealousy belongsTo age, of scorn, and tender sense of wrongs:Yet these are mollified, or not discern'd,Where civil arts and manners have been learn'd:So the Twins' humours, in our Terence, areUnlike-this harsh and rude, that smooth and fair.Our nature here is not unlike our wine,Some sorts, when old, continue brisk and fine;So age's gravity may seem severe,But nothing harsh or bitter ought t'appear.Of age's avarice I cannot seeWhat colour, ground, or reason there should be:Is it not folly, when the way we rideIs short, for a long voyage to provide?To avarice some title youth may own,To reap in autumn what the spring had sown;And, with the providence of bees, or ants,Prevent with summer's plenty winter's wants.But age scarce sows till death stands by to reap,And to a stranger's hand transfers the heap;Afraid to be so once, she's always poor,And to avoid a mischief makes it sure.Such madness, as for fear of death to die,Is to be poor for fear of poverty.

'Tarentine': Archytas, much praised by Horace.'Twins' humours': in his comedy called 'Adelphi.'