Instructions to a Painter, for the Drawing of the Posture and Progress of His Majesty's Forces at Sea, Under the Command of His Highness-Royal; Together with the Battle and Victory Obtained over the Dutch, June 3, 1665

First draw the sea, that portion which betweenThe greater world and this of ours is seen;Here place the British, there the Holland fleet,Vast floating armies! both prepared to meet.Draw the whole world, expecting who should reign,After this combat, o'er the conquer'd main.

Make Heaven concern'd, and an unusual starDeclare th'importance of th'approaching war.Make the sea shine with gallantry, and allThe English youth flock to their Admiral,The valiant Duke! whose early deeds abroad,Such rage in fight, and art in conduct show'd.His bright sword now a dearer int'rest draws,His brother's glory, and his country's cause.

Let thy bold pencil hope and courage spread,Through the whole navy, by that hero led;Make all appear, where such a Prince is by,Resolved to conquer, or resolved to die.With his extraction, and his glorious mind,Make the proud sails swell more than with the wind;Preventing cannon, make his louder fameCheck the Batavians, and their fury tame.So hungry wolves, though greedy of their prey,Stop when they find a lion in their way.Make him bestride the ocean, and mankindAsk his consent to use the sea and wind;While his tall ships in the barr'd channel stand,He grasps the Indies in his armed hand.

Paint an east wind, and make it blow awayTh' excuse of Holland for their navy's stay;Make them look pale, and, the bold Prince to shun,Through the cold north and rocky regions run.To find the coast where morning first appears,By the dark pole the wary Belgian steers;Confessing now he dreads the English moreThan all the dangers of a frozen shore;While from our arms security to find,They fly so far, they leave the day behind.Describe their fleet abandoning the sea,And all their merchants left a wealthy prey;

Our first success in war make Bacchus crown,And half the vintage of the year our own.The Dutch their wine, and all their brandy lose,Disarm'd of that from which their courage grows;While the glad English, to relieve their toil,In healths to their great leader drink the spoil.

His high command to Afric's coast extend,And make the Moors before the English bend;Those barb'rous pirates willingly receiveConditions, such as we are pleased to give.Deserted by the Dutch, let nations knowWe can our own and their great business do;False friends chastise, and common foes restrain,Which, worse than tempests, did infest the main.Within those Straits, make Holland's Smyrna fleetWith a small squadron of the English meet;Like falcons these, those like a numerous flockOf fowl, which scatter to avoid the shock.There paint confusion in a various shape;Some sink, some yield; and, flying, some escape.Europe and Africa, from either shore,Spectators are, and hear our cannon roar;While the divided world in this agree,Men that fight so, deserve to rule the sea.

But, nearer home, thy pencil use once more,And place our navy by the Holland shore;The world they compass'd, while they fought with Spain,But here already they resign the main;Those greedy mariners, out of whose wayDiffusive Nature could no region lay,At home, preserved from rocks and tempests, lie,Compell'd, like others, in their beds to die.Their single towns th'Iberian armies press'd;We all their provinces at once invest;And, in a month, ruin their traffic moreThan that long war could in an age before.

But who can always on the billows lie?The wat'ry wilderness yields no supply.Spreading our sails, to Harwich we resort,And meet the beauties of the British Court.Th' illustrious Duchess, and her glorious train(Like Thetis with her nymphs), adorn the main.The gazing sea-gods, since the Paphian QueenSprung from among them, no such sight had seen.Charm'd with the graces of a troop so fair,Those deathless powers for us themselves declare,Resolved the aid of Neptune's court to bring,And help the nation where such beauties spring;The soldier here his wasted store supplies,And takes new valour from the ladies' eyes.

Meanwhile, like bees, when stormy winter's gone,The Dutch (as if the sea were all their own)Desert their ports, and, falling in their way,Our Hamburg merchants are become their prey.Thus flourish they, before th'approaching fight;As dying tapers give a blazing light.

To check their pride, our fleet half-victuall'd goes,Enough to serve us till we reach our foes;Who now appear so numerous and bold,The action worthy of our arms we hold.A greater force than that which here we find,Ne'er press'd the ocean, nor employ'd the wind.Restrain'd a while by the unwelcome night,Th' impatient English scarce attend the light.But now the morning (heaven severely clear!)To the fierce work indulgent does appear;And Phoebus lifts above the waves his light,That he might see, and thus record, the fight.

As when loud winds from diff'rent quarters rush,Vast clouds encount'ring one another crush;With swelling sails so, from their sev'ral coasts,Join the Batavian and the British hosts.For a less prize, with less concern and rage,The Roman fleets at Actium did engage;They, for the empire of the world they knew,These, for the Old contend, and for the New.At the first shock, with blood and powder stain'd,Nor heaven, nor sea, their former face retain'd;Fury and art produce effects so strange,They trouble Nature, and her visage change.Where burning ships the banish'd sun supply,And no light shines, but that by which men die,There York appears! so prodigal is heOf royal blood, as ancient as the sea,Which down to him, so many ages told,Has through the veins of mighty monarchs roll'd!The great Achilles march'd not to the fieldTill Vulcan that impenetrable shield,And arms, had wrought; yet there no bullets flew,But shafts and darts which the weak Phrygians threw,Our bolder hero on the deck does standExposed, the bulwark of his native land;Defensive arms laid by as useless here,Where massy balls the neighb'ring rocks do tear.Some power unseen those princes does protect,Who for their country thus themselves neglect.

Against him first Opdam his squadron leads,Proud of his late success against the Swedes;Made by that action, and his high command,Worthy to perish by a prince's hand.The tall Batavian in a vast ship rides,Bearing an army in her hollow sides;

Yet, not inclined the English ship to board,More on his guns relies than on his sword;From whence a fatal volley we received;It miss'd the Duke, but his great heart it grieved;Three worthy persons from his side it tore,And dyed his garment with their scatter'd gore.Happy! to whom this glorious death arrives,More to be valued than a thousand lives!On such a theatre as this to die,For such a cause, and such a witness by!Who would not thus a sacrifice be made,To have his blood on such an altar laid?The rest about him struck with horror stood,To see their leader cover'd o'er with blood.So trembled Jacob, when he thought the stainsOf his son's coat had issued from his veins.He feels no wound but in his troubled thought;Before, for honour, now, revenge he fought;His friends in pieces torn (the bitter newsNot brought by Fame), with his own eyes he views.His mind at once reflecting on their youth,Their worth, their love, their valour, and their truth,The joys of court, their mothers, and their wives,To follow him abandon'd--and their lives!He storms and shoots, but flying bullets now,To execute his rage, appear too slow;They miss, or sweep but common souls away;For such a loss Opdam his life must pay.Encouraging his men, he gives the word,With fierce intent that hated ship to board,And make the guilty Dutch, with his own arm,Wait on his friends, while yet their blood is warm.His winged vessel like an eagle shows,When through the clouds to truss a swan she goes;

The Belgian ship unmoved, like some huge rockInhabiting the sea, expects the shock.From both the fleets men's eyes are bent this way,Neglecting all the business of the day;Bullets their flight, and guns their noise suspend;The silent ocean does th'event attend,Which leader shall the doubtful victory bless,And give an earnest of the war's success;When Heaven itself, for England to declare,Turns ship, and men, and tackle, into air.

Their new commander from his charge is toss'd,Which that young prince had so unjustly lost,Whose great progenitors, with better fate,And better conduct, sway'd their infant state.His flight t'wards heaven th'aspiring Belgian took,But fell, like Phaëton, with thunder strook;From vaster hopes than his he seemed to fall,That durst attempt the British Admiral;From her broad sides a ruder flame is thrownThan from the fiery chariot of the sun;That bears the radiant ensign of the day,And she the flag that governs in the sea.

The Duke (ill pleased that fire should thus preventThe work which for his brighter sword he meant),Anger still burning in his valiant breast,Goes to complete revenge upon the rest.So on the guardless herd, their keeper slain,Rushes a tiger in the Libyan plain.The Dutch, accustom'd to the raging sea,And in black storms the frowns of heaven to see,Never met tempest which more urged' their fears.Than that which in the Prince's look appears.

Fierce, goodly, young! Mars he resembles, whenJove sends him down to scourge perfidious men;Such as with foul ingratitude have paidBoth those that led, and those that gave them aid.Where he gives on, disposing of their fates,Terror and death on his loud cannon waits,With which he pleads his brother's cause so well,He shakes the throne to which he does appeal.The sea with spoils his angry bullets strow,Widows and orphans making as they go;Before his ship fragments of vessels torn,Flags, arms, and Belgian carcasses are borne;And his despairing foes, to flight inclined,Spread all their canvas to invite the wind.So the rude Boreas, where he lists to blow,Makes clouds above, and billows fly below,Beating the shore; and, with a boist'rous rage,Does heaven at once, and earth, and sea engage.

The Dutch, elsewhere, did through the wat'ry fieldPerform enough to have made others yield;But English courage, growing as they fight,In danger, noise, and slaughter, takes delight;Their bloody task, unwearied still, they ply,Only restrain'd by death, or victory.Iron and lead, from earth's dark entrails torn,Like showers of hail from either side are borne;So high the rage of wretched mortals goes,Hurling their mother's bowels at their foes!Ingenious to their ruin, every ageImproves the arts and instruments of rage.Death-hast'ning ills Nature enough has sent,And yet men still a thousand more invent!

But Bacchus now, which led the Belgians on,So fierce at first, to favour us begun;Brandy and wine (their wonted friends) at lengthRender them useless, and betray their strength.So corn in fields, and in the garden flowers,Revive and raise themselves with mod'rate showers;But overcharged with never-ceasing rain,Become too moist, and bend their heads again.Their reeling ships on one another fall,Without a foe, enough to ruin all.Of this disorder, and the favouring wind,The watchful English such advantage find,Ships fraught with fire among the heap they throw,And up the so-entangled Belgians blow.The flame invades the powder-rooms, and then,Their guns shoot bullets, and their vessels men.The scorch'd Batavians on the billows float,Sent from their own, to pass in Charon's boat.

And now, our royal Admiral success(With all the marks of victory) does bless;The burning ships, the taken, and the slain,Proclaim his triumph o'er the conquer'd main.Nearer to Holland, as their hasty flightCarries the noise and tumult of the fight,His cannons' roar, forerunner of his fame,Makes their Hague tremble, and their Amsterdam;The British thunder does their houses rock,And the Duke seems at every door to knock.His dreadful streamer (like a comet's hair,Threatening destruction) hastens their despair;Makes them deplore their scatter'd fleet as lost,And fear our present landing on their coast.The trembling Dutch th'approaching Prince behold,As sheep a lion leaping tow'rds their fold;Those piles, which serve them to repel the main,They think too weak his fury to restrain.

'What wonders may not English valour work,Led by th'example of victorious York?Or what defence against him can they make,Who, at such distance, does their country shake?His fatal hand their bulwarks will o'erthrow,And let in both the ocean, and the foe;'Thus cry the people;--and, their land to keep,Allow our title to command the deep;Blaming their States' ill conduct, to provokeThose arms, which freed them from the Spanish yoke.

Painter! excuse me, if I have a whileForgot thy art, and used another style;For, though you draw arm'd heroes as they sit,The task in battle does the Muses fit;They, in the dark confusion of a fight,Discover all, instruct us how to write;And light and honour to brave actions yield,Hid in the smoke and tumult of the field,Ages to come shall know that leader's toil,And his great name, on whom the Muses smile;Their dictates here let thy famed pencil trace,And this relation with thy colours grace.

Then draw the Parliament, the nobles met,And our great Monarch high above them set;Like young Augustus let his image be,Triumphing for that victory at sea,Where Egypt's Queen, and Eastern kings o'erthrown,Made the possession of the world his own.Last draw the Commons at his royal feet,Pouring out treasure to supply his fleet;They vow with lives and fortunes to maintainTheir King's eternal title to the main;And with a present to the Duke, approveHis valour, conduct, and his country's love.

See History of England.'Young prince': Prince of Orange.'Egypt's Queen': Cleopatra.