The Circulation

Thomas Traherne (c. 1636–1674) · 1903

iambic pentameter · 84 lines · from Poetical Works

As fair ideas from the sky,Or images of things,Unto a spotless mirror fly,On unperceived wings,And lodging there affect the sense,As if at first they came from thence;While being there, they richly beautifyThe place they fill, and yet communicateThemselves, reflecting to the seer's eye;Just such is our estate.No praise can we return again,No glory in ourselves possess,But what derived from without we gain,From all the mysteries of blessedness.

No man breathes out more vital airThan he before sucked in:Those joys and praises must repairTo us, which 'tis a sinTo bury in a senseless tomb.An earthly wight must be the heirOf all those joys the holy Angels prize,He must a king before a priest become,And gifts receive or ever sacrifice.'Tis blindness makes us dumb:Had we but those celestial eyes,Whereby we could behold the sumOf all His bounties, we should overflowWith praises did we but their causes know.

All things to Circulations oweThemselves; by which aloneThey do exist; they cannot shewA sigh, a word, a groan,A colour or a glimpse of light,The sparkle of a precious stone,A virtue, or a smell, a lovely sight,A fruit, a beam, an influence, a tear,But they another's livery must wear,And borrow matter first,Before they can communicate.Whatever's empty is accurst:And this doth shew that we must some estatePossess, or never can communicate.

A sponge drinks in the water, whichIs afterwards exprest.A liberal hand must first be rich:Who blesseth must be blest.The thirsty earth drinks in the rain,The trees suck moisture at their roots,Before the one can lavish herbs again,Before the other can afford us fruits.No tenant can raise corn or pay his rent,Nor can even have a lord,That has no land. No spring can vent,No vessel any wine affordWherein no liquor's put. No empty purse,Can pounds or talents of itself disburse.

Flame that ejects its golden beamsSups up the grosser air;To seas that pour out their streamsIn springs, those streams repair;Receiv'd ideas make even dreams.No fancy painteth foul or fairBut by the ministry of inward light,That in the spirits cherisheth its sight.The moon returneth light, and some men sayThe very sun no rayNor influence could have, did itNo foreign aids, no food admit.The earth no exhalations would afford,Were not its spirits by the sun restored.

All things do first receive, that give:Only 'tis God above,That from and in Himself doth live;Whose all-sufficient loveWithout original can flowAnd all the joys and glories shewWhich mortal man can take delight to know.He is the primitive eternal springThe endless ocean of each glorious thing.The soul a vessel is,A spacious bosom, to containAll the fair treasures of His bliss,Which run like rivers from, into the main,And all it doth receive returns again.

Words in this poem

blessedness n.
The state of being blessed; happiness; felicity; bliss; heavenly joys; the favor of God.
wight n.
A whit; a bit; a jot. [OE. wight, wiht, a wight, a whit, AS. wiht, wuht, a creature, a thing; skin to D. wicht a child, OS. & OHG. wiht a creature, thing, G. wicht a creature, Icel. v]
shew n.
Show. [Obs. except in shewbread.]
borrow v. t.
To receive from another as a loan, with the implied or expressed intention of returning the identical article or its equivalent in kind; -- the opposite of lend. [OE. borwen, AS. borgian, fr. borg, borh, pledge; akin to D. borg, G. borg; prob. fr. root of AS. beorgan to protect. Borough.]
accurst p. p.
Doomed to destruction or misery; cursed; hence, bad enough to be under the curse; execrable; detestable; exceedingly hateful; -- as, an accursed deed.
disburse v. t.
To pay out; to expend; -- usually from a public fund or treasury. [OF. desbourser, F. débourser; pref. des- (L. dis- ) + bourse purse. See Burse, and cf. Dispurse.]
glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

The Circulation is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of Thomas Traherne, 1636?-1674, from the original manuscripts, Project Gutenberg ebook #61586; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Thomas Traherne, The Circulation, in Poetical Works (1903), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #61586, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/traherne-poems/the-circulation.html, id L13315.

Form and metre

The Circulation is 84 lines in 6 stanzas of 14 lines each. 95% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 8.3 syllables. 1 line ends on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 30% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 ABABCCADADEFEF skyA · thingsB · flyA · wingsB · senseC · thenceC · beautifyA · communicateD · eyeA · estateD · againE · possessF · gainE · blessednessF
  2. 2 ABAB-ACD-DCDEE airA · inB · repairA · sinB · tomb · heirA · prizeC · becomeD · sacrifice · dumbD · eyesC · sumD · overflowE · knowE
  3. 3 -A-ABABCCDEDEE owe · aloneA · shew · groanA · lightB · stoneA · sightB · tearC · wearC · firstD · communicateE · accurstD · estateE · communicateE
  4. 4 ABABCDCDEFEFGG whichA · exprestB · richA · blestB · rainC · rootsD · againC · fruitsD · rentE · lordF · ventE · affordF · purseG · disburseG
  5. 5 ABABABCCDDEEFF beamsA · airB · streamsA · repairB · dreamsA · fairB · lightC · sightC · sayD · rayD · itE · admitE · affordF · restoredF
  6. 6 ABABC-CDD-E-EE giveA · aboveB · liveA · loveB · flowC · shew · knowC · springD · thingD · is · containE · bliss · mainE · againE
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
As fair ideas from the sky,8··˘/˘···
Or images of things,6·/˘˘··
Unto a spotless mirror fly,8···/˘/˘·
On unperceived wings,5·····
And lodging there affect the sense,8·/˘·˘/··
As if at first they came from thence;8········
While being there, they richly beautify10·/˘··/˘/˘·
The place they fill, and yet communicate10······˘/˘·
Themselves, reflecting to the seer's eye;9˘/˘/˘····
Just such is our estate.7···/˘˘/
No praise can we return again,8····˘/˘/
No glory in ourselves possess,9·/˘·˘˘/˘/
But what derived from without we gain,10··˘/˘·····
From all the mysteries of blessedness.10···/˘˘·/˘˘
No man breathes out more vital air8·····/˘·
Than he before sucked in:6······
Those joys and praises must repair8···/˘·˘/
To us, which 'tis a sin6······
To bury in a senseless tomb.8·/˘··/˘·
An earthly wight must be the heir8·/˘·····
Of all those joys the holy Angels prize,10·····/˘/˘·
He must a king before a priest become,10········˘/
And gifts receive or ever sacrifice.10··˘/·/˘/˘·
'Tis blindness makes us dumb:6·/˘···
Had we but those celestial eyes,8····˘/˘·
Whereby we could behold the sum8····˘/··
Of all His bounties, we should overflow10···/˘··/˘·
With praises did we but their causes know.10·/˘····/˘·
All things to Circulations owe8····˘/˘·
Themselves; by which alone6˘/··˘/
They do exist; they cannot shew8··˘/·/˘·
A sigh, a word, a groan,6······
A colour or a glimpse of light,8·/˘·····
The sparkle of a precious stone,8·/˘··/˘·
A virtue, or a smell, a lovely sight,10·/˘····/˘·
A fruit, a beam, an influence, a tear,10·····/˘˘··
But they another's livery must wear,10··˘/˘/˘˘··
And borrow matter first,6·/·/˘·
Before they can communicate.8····˘/˘·
Whatever's empty is accurst:8·/˘/˘···
And this doth shew that we must some estate10········˘/
Possess, or never can communicate.10˘/·/˘·˘/˘·
A sponge drinks in the water, which8·····/˘·
Is afterwards exprest.6·/˘˘··
A liberal hand must first be rich:9·/˘˘·····
Who blesseth must be blest.6·/˘···
The thirsty earth drinks in the rain,8·/˘·····
The trees suck moisture at their roots,8···/˘···
Before the one can lavish herbs again,10·····/˘·˘/
Before the other can afford us fruits.10···/˘·˘/··
No tenant can raise corn or pay his rent,10·/˘·······
Nor can even have a lord,7··/˘···
That has no land. No spring can vent,8········
No vessel any wine afford8·/˘/˘·˘/
Wherein no liquor's put. No empty purse,10···/˘··/˘·
Can pounds or talents of itself disburse.10···/˘·˘/˘/
Flame that ejects its golden beams8··˘/·/˘·
Sups up the grosser air;6···/˘·
To seas that pour out their streams7·······
In springs, those streams repair;6····˘/
Receiv'd ideas make even dreams.9˘/˘/˘·/˘·
No fancy painteth foul or fair8·/˘/˘···
But by the ministry of inward light,10···/˘˘·/˘·
That in the spirits cherisheth its sight.10···/˘/˘˘··
The moon returneth light, and some men say10··˘/˘·····
The very sun no ray6·/˘···
Nor influence could have, did it8·/˘˘····
No foreign aids, no food admit.8·/˘···˘/
The earth no exhalations would afford,10····˘/˘·˘/
Were not its spirits by the sun restored.10···/˘···˘/
All things do first receive, that give:8····˘/··
Only 'tis God above,6/˘····
That from and in Himself doth live;8····˘/··
Whose all-sufficient love6··˘/˘·
Without original can flow8··˘/˘˘··
And all the joys and glories shew8·····/˘·
Which mortal man can take delight to know.10·/˘···˘/··
He is the primitive eternal spring10···/˘˘˘/˘·
The endless ocean of each glorious thing.10·/˘/··/˘˘·
The soul a vessel is,6···/˘·
A spacious bosom, to contain8·/˘/˘·˘/
All the fair treasures of His bliss,8···/˘···
Which run like rivers from, into the main,10···/˘·····
And all it doth receive returns again.10····˘/˘/˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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