Nature

Thomas Traherne (c. 1636–1674) · 1903

iambic pentameter · heroic couplets · 90 lines · from Poetical Works

That Custom is a second Nature, weMost plainly find by Nature's purity.For Nature teacheth nothing but the truth;I'm sure that mine did in my virgin youth:The very Day my Spirit did inspire,The world's fair beauty set my soul on fire.My senses were informers to my heart,The conduits of His glory, power, and art.His greatness, wisdom, goodness, I did see,His glorious Love, and His Eternitie,Almost as soon as born; and every senseWas in me like to some Intelligence.I was by nature prone and apt to loveAll light and beauty, both in Heaven above,And Earth beneath, prone even to admire,Adore, and praise as well as to desire.My inclinations raised me up on high,And guided me to all Infinity.A secret self I had enclosed within,That was not bounded with my clothes or skin,Or terminated with my sight, the sphereOf which was bounded with the Heavens here:But that did rather, like the subtile light,Secured from rough and raging storms by night,Break through the lanthorn's sides, and freely rayDispersing and dilating every way:Whose steady beams too subtile for the wind,Are such that we their bounds can scarcely find.It did encompass, and possess rare things,But yet felt more, and on its angel's wingsPierced through the skies immediately, and soughtFor all that could beyond all worlds be thought.It did not move, nor one way go, but stood,And by dilating of itself, all goodIt strove to see, as if 'twere present there,Even while it present stood conversing here:And more suggested than I could discern,Or ever since by any means could learn.Vast, unaffected wonderful desires,Like inward, native, uncaus'd hidden fires,Sprang up with expectations very strange,Which into new desires did quickly change:For all I saw beyond the azure round,Was endless darkness with no beauty crown'd.Why beauty should not there, as well as here,Why goodness should not likewise there appear,Why treasures and delights should bounded be,Since there is such a wide Infinitie;These were the doubts and troubles of my Soul,By which I do perceive without control,A world of endless joys by Nature made,That needs must flourish ever, never fade.A wide, magnificent and spacious sky,So rich 'tis worthy of the Deity,Clouds here and there like winged charets flying,Flowers ever flourishing, yet always dying,A day of glory where I all things see,As 'twere enrich'd with beams of light for me,And drown'd in glorious rays of purer light,Succeeded with a black, yet glorious night;Stars sweetly shedding to my pleased sense,On all things their nocturnal influence,With secret rooms in times and ages more,Past and to come enlarging my great store:These all in order present unto meMy happy eyes did in a moment see,With wonders there-too, to my Soul unknown,Till they by men and reading first were shewn.All which were made that I might ever beWith some great workman, some Great Deity.But yet there were new rooms and spaces more,Beyond all these, new regions o'er and o'er,Into all which my pent-up Soul like fireDid break, surmounting all I here admire.The spaces fill'd were like a cabinetOf joys before me most distinctly set:The empty like to large and vacant roomFor fancy to enlarge in, and presumeA space for more, remov'd, but yet adorningThose near at hand, that pleased me every morning.Here I was seated to behold new things,In the fair fabric of the King of Kings.All, all was mine. The fountain tho' not known,Yet that there must be one was plainly shewn,Which fountain of delights must needs be Love,As all the goodness of the things did prove.It shines upon me from the highest skies,And all its creatures for my sake doth prize,Of whose enjoyment I am made the end,While how the same is so I comprehend.

Words in this poem

glorious a.
Exhibiting attributes, qualities, or acts that are worthy of or receive glory; noble; praiseworthy; excellent; splendid; illustrious; inspiring admiration; as, glorious deeds. [OF. glorios, glorious, F. glorieux, fr. L. gloriosus. See Glory, n.]
admire v. t.
To regard with wonder or astonishment; to view with surprise; to marvel at. [F. admirer, fr. L. admirari; ad + mirari to wonder, for smirari, akin to Gr. smi, and E. smile.]
adore v. t.
To worship with profound reverence; to pay divine honors to; to honor as deity or as divine. [OE. aouren, anouren, adoren, OF. aorer, adorer, F. adorer, fr. L. adorare; ad + orare to speak, pray, os, oris, mouth. In OE. confused with honor, the French pr]
unaffected a.
Not affected or moved; destitute of affection or emotion; uninfluenced.
needs adv.
Of necessity; necessarily; indispensably; -- often with must, and equivalent to of need. [Orig. gen. of need, used as an adverb. Cf. - wards.]
pent p. p.
Penned or shut up; confined; -- often with up. [From Pen, v. t.]
presume v. t.
To assume or take beforehand; esp., to do or undertake without leave or authority previously obtained. [F. présumer, L. praesumere, praesumptum; prae before + sumere to take. See Assume, Redeem.]

Definitions and etymologies from Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.

About this text

Nature is in the public domain. This text is taken from The Poetical Works of Thomas Traherne, 1636?-1674, from the original manuscripts, Project Gutenberg ebook #61586; the transcription's header, footer and licence were removed and nothing else was changed. You may copy, print and reuse it freely.

Cite as: Thomas Traherne, Nature, in Poetical Works (1903), text of Project Gutenberg ebook #61586, Laurel, https://laurelpoetry.com/poem/traherne-poems/nature.html, id L13308.

Form and metre

Nature is 90 lines in a single stanza. It is in rhyming couplets, 73% of the lines: heroic couplets. The metre is iambic pentameter, measured from the stress the words themselves fix (confidence 89%). 97% of its stressed syllables fall where the metre puts the beat. The lines average 10.1 syllables. 16 lines end on an unstressed syllable, a feminine ending. 17% of the lines run on without a stop at the line end.

See other poems in heroic couplets, other poems in iambic pentameter.

Measured by Laurel's pipeline, not copied from a handbook: how stress and metre are counted, how rhyme is lettered, how a drifted rhyme is found. Where the dictionary cannot confirm a rhyme the letter is withheld, not guessed.

Rhyme words, stanza by stanza

The word that ends each line, lettered by the rhyme it makes; a dash is a line whose rhyme the dictionary could not confirm.

  1. 1 --AA--BB--CCDD----EEFFGGHHIIJJKKLLMMNNOOPPQQRR--SSTTU-VVUUWWXXYYZZ--Z-----aabbccdd--eeffgg we · purity · truthA · youthA · inspire · fire · heartB · artB · see · eternitie · senseC · intelligenceC · loveD · aboveD · admire · desire · high · infinity · withinE · skinE · sphereF · hereF · lightG · nightG · rayH · wayH · windI · findI · thingsJ · wingsJ · soughtK · thoughtK · stoodL · goodL · thereM · hereM · discernN · learnN · desiresO · firesO · strangeP · changeP · roundQ · crown'dQ · hereR · appearR · be · infinitie · soulS · controlS · madeT · fadeT · skyU · deity · flyingV · dyingV · seeU · meU · lightW · nightW · senseX · influenceX · moreY · storeY · meZ · seeZ · unknown · shewn · beZ · deity · more · o'er · fire · admire · cabineta · seta · roomb · presumeb · adorningc · morningc · thingsd · kingsd · known · shewn · lovee · provee · skiesf · prizef · endg · comprehendg
Scansion, line by line

Each line with its syllable count and the stresses the words themselves fix: / stressed, ˘ unstressed, · a syllable the word leaves free and the metre decides. Read against iambic pentameter. How this is done.

LineSyl.Stress
That Custom is a second Nature, we10·/˘··/˘/˘·
Most plainly find by Nature's purity.10·/˘··/˘/˘˘
For Nature teacheth nothing but the truth;10·/˘/˘/˘···
I'm sure that mine did in my virgin youth:10·······/˘·
The very Day my Spirit did inspire,10·/˘··/˘·˘/
The world's fair beauty set my soul on fire.11···/˘····/˘
My senses were informers to my heart,10·/˘·˘/˘···
The conduits of His glory, power, and art.10·/˘··/˘/··
His greatness, wisdom, goodness, I did see,10·/˘/˘/˘···
His glorious Love, and His Eternitie,10·/˘·······
Almost as soon as born; and every sense10/······/˘·
Was in me like to some Intelligence.10······˘/˘˘
I was by nature prone and apt to love10···/˘·····
All light and beauty, both in Heaven above,10···/˘··/··
And Earth beneath, prone even to admire,10·····/˘·˘/
Adore, and praise as well as to desire.11˘/······˘/˘
My inclinations raised me up on high,10··˘/˘·····
And guided me to all Infinity.10·/˘···˘/˘˘
A secret self I had enclosed within,10·/˘···˘/··
That was not bounded with my clothes or skin,10···/˘·····
Or terminated with my sight, the sphere10·/˘·˘·····
Of which was bounded with the Heavens here:10···/˘··/˘·
But that did rather, like the subtile light,10···/˘··/˘·
Secured from rough and raging storms by night,10˘/···/˘···
Break through the lanthorn's sides, and freely ray10·······/˘·
Dispersing and dilating every way:10˘/˘·˘/˘/˘·
Whose steady beams too subtile for the wind,10·/˘··/˘···
Are such that we their bounds can scarcely find.10·······/˘·
It did encompass, and possess rare things,10··˘/˘·˘/··
But yet felt more, and on its angel's wings10·······/˘·
Pierced through the skies immediately, and sought10····˘/˘˘··
For all that could beyond all worlds be thought.10··········
It did not move, nor one way go, but stood,10··········
And by dilating of itself, all good10··˘/˘·˘/··
It strove to see, as if 'twere present there,10·······/˘·
Even while it present stood conversing here:10/··/˘·˘/˘·
And more suggested than I could discern,10··˘/˘···˘/
Or ever since by any means could learn.10·/˘··/˘···
Vast, unaffected wonderful desires,11··˘/˘/˘˘˘/˘
Like inward, native, uncaus'd hidden fires,11·/˘/˘··/˘/˘
Sprang up with expectations very strange,10····˘/˘/˘·
Which into new desires did quickly change:10····˘/·/˘·
For all I saw beyond the azure round,10·······/˘·
Was endless darkness with no beauty crown'd.10·/˘/˘··/˘·
Why beauty should not there, as well as here,10·/˘·······
Why goodness should not likewise there appear,10·/˘··/··˘/
Why treasures and delights should bounded be,10·/˘·˘/·/˘·
Since there is such a wide Infinitie;10··········
These were the doubts and troubles of my Soul,10·····/˘···
By which I do perceive without control,10····˘/··˘/
A world of endless joys by Nature made,10···/˘··/˘·
That needs must flourish ever, never fade.10···/˘/˘/˘·
A wide, magnificent and spacious sky,10··˘/˘˘·/˘·
So rich 'tis worthy of the Deity,10···/˘··/˘˘
Clouds here and there like winged charets flying,10········/˘
Flowers ever flourishing, yet always dying,11//˘/˘˘·/˘/˘
A day of glory where I all things see,10···/˘·····
As 'twere enrich'd with beams of light for me,10··˘/······
And drown'd in glorious rays of purer light,10···/˘··/˘·
Succeeded with a black, yet glorious night;10˘/˘····/˘·
Stars sweetly shedding to my pleased sense,10·/˘/˘···˘·
On all things their nocturnal influence,10····˘/˘/˘˘
With secret rooms in times and ages more,10·/˘····/˘·
Past and to come enlarging my great store:10····˘/˘···
These all in order present unto me10···/˘/˘···
My happy eyes did in a moment see,10·/˘····/˘·
With wonders there-too, to my Soul unknown,10·/˘·····˘/
Till they by men and reading first were shewn.10·····/˘···
All which were made that I might ever be10·······/˘·
With some great workman, some Great Deity.10···/˘··/˘˘
But yet there were new rooms and spaces more,10·······/˘·
Beyond all these, new regions o'er and o'er,10·····/˘···
Into all which my pent-up Soul like fire11·········/˘
Did break, surmounting all I here admire.10··˘/˘···˘/
The spaces fill'd were like a cabinet10·/˘····/˘˘
Of joys before me most distinctly set:10······˘/˘·
The empty like to large and vacant room10·/˘····/˘·
For fancy to enlarge in, and presume10·/˘·˘/··˘/
A space for more, remov'd, but yet adorning11····˘/··˘/˘
Those near at hand, that pleased me every morning.11·······/˘/˘
Here I was seated to behold new things,10···/˘·˘/··
In the fair fabric of the King of Kings.10···/˘·····
All, all was mine. The fountain tho' not known,10·····/˘···
Yet that there must be one was plainly shewn,10·······/˘·
Which fountain of delights must needs be Love,10·/˘·˘/····
As all the goodness of the things did prove.10···/˘·····
It shines upon me from the highest skies,10·······/˘·
And all its creatures for my sake doth prize,10···/˘·····
Of whose enjoyment I am made the end,10··˘/˘·····
While how the same is so I comprehend.10········˘/

The reader shows the same poem with its rhymes coloured and a stress row above each line, the notes beside their stanzas, and any word's definition on a tap; the analysis page takes the whole book apart. How every part of this site was made.

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